Nyob rau yav tom ntej, lub xov tooj tshiab ntawm lub tshuab tua hluav taws, kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg thiab camouflage yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tua hluav taws ntawm Ministry of Defense. Raws li qhov kev daws teeb meem tshiab tshiab, qhov tshwj xeeb ntau yam ua haujlwm tau tsim hauv peb lub tebchaws, muaj peev xwm daws teeb meem ntau yam kom tshem tawm kev raug xwm txheej lossis nce kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog. Kev cog lus cog lus tau raug hu ua "The Beast".
Cov xov xwm hauv tebchaws tau tshaj tawm txog kev muaj "Beast" txoj haujlwm ntev dhau los. Hauv lub hlis tsis ntev los no, txoj kev txhim kho no tau dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshaj tawm tshiab, uas tau txiav txim siab nws cov yam ntxwv, peev xwm thiab kev cia siab. Ib qho ntxiv, xovxwm nthuav tawm qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov phiaj xwm uas twb muaj lawm hais txog txoj hmoo yav tom ntej ntawm "Beast" system. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias lub koom haum txhim kho tau tshaj tawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv uas txaus siab ob qho tib si hais txog qhov nyuaj tag nrho thiab hais txog nws cov khoom ib leeg.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab kawg, lub xov tooj ntawm tes "Zver" twb dhau qhov kev xeem tsim nyog lawm, thiab tseem tau sim los ntawm cov tub rog. Tam sim no lo lus nug ntawm kev lees paub qhov nyuaj rau kev pabcuam tau txiav txim siab. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv no yuav yog cov tub ceev xwm tua hluav taws ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov mos txwv thiab chaw tso roj. Nws kuj tseem tau npaj los muab Zver cov kab ke rau cov pab pawg cawm seej tau tsim, uas nws txoj haujlwm yuav koom nrog hauv kev tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntuj thiab kev puas tsuaj uas tib neeg tsim.
Kev pom dav dav ntawm qhov nyuaj "Beast"
Lub xov tooj ntawm tes "Zver" tau tsim los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom koom nrog "Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob niaj hnub" (NPO SOPOT, St. Petersburg). Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm yog tsim kom muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ntawm ntau qhov chaw, nrog rau tiv thaiv tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws kub. Ib txoj haujlwm ntxiv ntawm cov tsim qauv yog txhawm rau ua kom muaj peev xwm siv txoj hauv kev los ua cov cuab yeej camouflaging. Raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub koom haum tsim tawm, txhua txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav tiav.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm ib yam tshiab twb tau qhia tawm ntawm kev ua tub rog-kev nthuav tawm, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyiam tshwj xeeb rau pej xeem mloog. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los thiab siv, Zver txoj haujlwm muaj lub cev zoo li tus qauv 20-ko taw ntim. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm tau muab tso rau hauv rooj plaub hlau, dhau qhov uas tsuas yog tus neeg siv nrog lub qhov hluav taws kub taub hau. Txawm hais tias qhov kev teeb tsa no, lub ntim haum rau txhua lub tshuab tsim nyog thiab cov cuab yeej, thiab tseem tuaj yeem nqa ntau cov khoom siv ntxiv.
Lub cev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntim muab cov khoom siv tau ntau tshaj plaws. Tus "tsiaj nyaum" hauv qhov qauv tsim no tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm siv cov tsheb thauj khoom, tsheb ciav hlau, nkoj lossis dav hlau nrog cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm logistics thiab ergonomics, lub xov tooj ntawm tes tsis txawv ntawm cov thawv thauj khoom ntawm qhov ntev sib xws.
Sab hauv lub thawv ntim khoom, muaj cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas muaj tag nrho ntawm 5 tons ntawm cov khoom siv tua hluav taws. Muaj cais cov tso tsheb hlau luam rau dej lossis tshuaj khib, rau tawv thiab rau tus neeg ua npuas ncauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub twj tso kua mis uas muaj hwj chim me me tau siv, uas yog qhov tsim nyog los muab cov khoom sib xyaw rau cov khoom hlawv. Kev daws teeb meem raug tshem tawm los ntawm Purga-2TP hom thoob, uas tuaj yeem coj mus rau qhov khoom hlawv. Nws tau lees tias lub twj tso kua mis muaj zog nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 40-200 l / s tso cai rau cov tshuaj tua hluav taws kom raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 100 m. Hauv ob peb feeb, Zver complex tuaj yeem txau cov tshuaj sib xyaw rau thaj tsam ntawm Mus txog ob peb txhiab square metres.
"Beast" ntawm lub tsheb Ural
Hauv cov thawv ntim khoom, nws tseem tau npaj kom thauj cov tes tsho, lub hnab ev ntawv thiab lub xov tooj ntawm tes nrog lub qhov hluav taws kub, cov cuab yeej, cov khoom cawm thiab lwm yam khoom siv uas xav tau kom tua hluav taws. Txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov cuab yeej siv ntxiv, uas nkag tau los ntawm sab nraud, raug kaw nrog lub qhov rooj tiv thaiv plua plav thiab ya raws. Thaum ua haujlwm hauv huab cua txias, lub thawv ntim nrog nws lub tshuab cua sov kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob khov ntawm cov khoom ua kua.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev cog lus cog lus, uas muab nws tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, yog thawj qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem npaj rau tua hluav taws. Thaum nws tau tsim, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm NPO SOPOT tau tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem tua hluav taws uas twb muaj lawm thiab ua qee qhov kev txiav txim siab, suav nrog qhov uas tau ua haujlwm ntxiv. Cov kev daws teeb meem hauv dej thiab ua npuas dej tau suav tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Nws tau pom tias thaum tua cov nplaim nplaim nplaim hluav taws, tsis ntau dua 5% ntawm "cov tsoos" ua npuas dej tau khaws cia rau nws, thaum seem 95% tsuas yog ntws los, tso cov khoom kom rov tua dua. Ib qho ntxiv, cov hom ua npuas dej uas twb muaj lawm zoo li ua kom khov, tsim cov khoom sib xws uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntxiv txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov xwm txheej.
Lub tuam txhab "Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Niaj Hnub" ua ke nrog cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (St. Petersburg) tau tsim nws tus kheej cov ntawv tua hluav taws ua npuas, uas muaj tus lej qub. Los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv tshiab, ua npuas dej tau hais kom ua tau zoo dua hauv kev tua hluav taws, thiab ntxiv rau, nws tuaj yeem siv rau lub hom phiaj tsis txawv tshiab. Yog tsis hloov qhov kev daws teeb meem siv, Zver system tuaj yeem tua hluav taws thiab npog ntsej muag cov cuab yeej siv tub rog. Hom tshiab ntawm ua npuas ncauj tau txais lub npe SDKP ("Tshwj xeeb ob qhov sib xyaw ua ke rau kev tua hluav taws").
Raws li lub npe cuam tshuam, hom kev daws teeb meem tshiab muaj ob lub ntsiab sib xyaw ua ke nrog dej. Nws yog tawv tawv thiab tus neeg ua npuas ncauj. Raws li ib feem ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj, cov khoom siv me me silica tau siv. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob qhov kev daws teeb meem nrog cov nplaim taws qhib lossis cov cua sov ua kom sov yuav tsum ua rau muaj kev ua kom tawv tawv tawv. Cov khoom sib koom ua ke tsim cov khoom zoo li gel uas npog cov khoom uas hlawv thiab daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tua hluav taws. Nws siv sijhawm tsis pub ntau tshaj 30 vib nas this rau ua npuas dej kom khov. Cov qauv ntawm cov tsim silica-based gel rov ua dua cov qauv ntawm "ib txwm" ua npuas nrog qhov sib txawv uas tsis yog huab cua npuas, nws muaj cov ntxhia pob zeb.
Tua hluav taws nrog ob-tivthaiv tawv ua npuas ncauj. Cov duab raug coj los sib nrug ntawm 5 vib nas this
Kev tua hluav taws nrog ua npuas dej ua tawv tawv yog ua los ntawm ntau yam. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev tsim cov khoom "tawv" thaiv qhov nkag mus ntawm cov pa cua hauv ntiaj teb thiab tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab. Tsis tas li, vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab muaj cov dej nyob hauv cov tshuaj, cov khoom kub hnyiab tau txias, uas txo qis qhov yuav rov tshwm sim dua. Raws li tus tsim tawm, qhov sib xyaw ntawm SDKP tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb cua sov ntau dua 2.5 kJ / (kg • ° С), uas yog ob peb zaug ntau dua li lub peev xwm ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev ntawm lub hom phiaj zoo sib xws. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua npuas dej tuaj yeem yog qib 1 kg / m2, uas yog ob peb zaug tsawg dua qhov ntsuas sib xws ntawm cov khoom lag luam.
Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem surfactant uas twb muaj lawm, qhov tshiab ob qho kev sib xyaw ua kom tawv tawv sai thiab tseem nyob ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Kev sim tau lees paub qhov ua tau ntawm kev ua cov tawv nqaij txawm tias nyob ntawm iav iav. Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas tau yooj yim, cov dej khov ua kom txias ntxiv mus thiab tsis suav nrog cov pa nkag mus. Cov teebmeem zoo li no tseem nyob ntev li 2-3 teev, uas tso cai tua kom tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo rov ua rau cov khoom npog nrog ua npuas ncauj.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua npuas dej ua kom tawv nqaij yog txhawm rau txo qhov tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig thaum muaj kev hem thawj tshwj xeeb. Cov tawv tawv tawv thaiv qhov kis ntawm cov pa roj hlawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg nqus cov hluav taws xob, txo qis nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg. Cov yam ntxwv zoo li no tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev lag luam nuclear thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
Raws li qhov txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm SDKP ua npuas ncauj, tus tsim tawm hu qhov yooj yim ntawm nws tshem tawm. Tom qab ua tiav qhov tua hluav taws, ntxuav cov khoom khov tuaj yeem ua tau nrawm heev thiab tsis nyuaj heev. Cov sib xyaw ua kom tawv tawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav tawm ntawm cov khoom uas tau muab tshem tawm nrog dej. Qhov kev daws teeb meem muaj kev nyab xeeb rau ib puag ncig.
Siv cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm SDKP, lub xov tooj ntawm tes "Zver" tuaj yeem siv tua hluav taws ntawm ntau yam khoom siv ntawm tub rog thiab pej xeem cov vaj tse, ntxiv rau hauv hav zoov thiab thaj av ua liaj ua teb. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm ua npuas dej ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tua tau cov khoom sib txuas tau yooj yim, uas tso cai rau siv kom raug rau ntau yam xwm txheej. Kev txav mus los ntawm cov thawv ntim khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv siab ntawm thawj cov tshuaj tua hluav taws ua ke ua ke muab kev ua haujlwm siab.
Thauj khoom thauj los ntawm cov khoom siv thauj khoom
"Beast" system nrog SDKP muaj pes tsawg yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tua hluav taws ntawm cov mos txwv. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no muaj tus lej tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tua hluav taws thiab cov neeg cawm. Kev cog lus nyuaj yog qhov sib txawv los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo, thiab tseem muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm nrog tib neeg tsawg koom nrog. Yog li ntawd, "Beast" tuaj yeem siv tau tshwj xeeb yog cov teeb meem nyuaj ntawm hluav taws hauv cov chaw khaws khoom. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev thov ua npuas dej, tig mus, yuav tsis tsuas yog yooj yim tua, tab sis kuj pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv qhov hluav taws.
Zver txoj haujlwm tau teeb tsa raws li kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg hauv xov tooj thiab cov txheej txheem camouflage. Cov haujlwm tom kawg tseem tau hais kom daws qhov siv tawv tawv ua ob ntu. Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm qhov haujlwm thov kom npog ntsej muag riam phom thiab khoom siv, npog lawv nrog txheej txheej SDKP. Vim yog qhov tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov tshwm sim "cocoon" yuav tsum tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev kuaj pom. Ua npuas dej uas muaj silicon dioxide (IV) thiab lwm yam khoom siv yuav tuaj yeem nqus tau qee hom hluav taws xob thiab cuam tshuam rau lwm tus. Txhua yam no, yam tsawg kawg, yuav ua rau nyuaj ntxiv rau kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom zais uas siv cov radar lossis lwm lub tshuab. Yog tias tsim nyog, ua npuas dej tawv tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm sai sai ntawm cov cuab yeej siv uas muaj cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws.
Raws li kev tshaj xov xwm hauv tsev, los ntawm tam sim no lub xov tooj ntawm tes ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg thiab camouflage "Beast" twb dhau qhov kev sim lawm, uas cov koom haum tshawb fawb tshawb fawb ntawm Ministry of Defense tau koom nrog. Ib qho ntxiv, cov cuab yeej raug sim los ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev lees txais lub kaw lus rau kev muab khoom yuav raug daws, tom qab ntawd cov cuab yeej txuas ntxiv yuav pib nkag mus rau cov chaw tua hluav taws thiab cov pab cawm tau tsim.
Cov hnub thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev xa khoom yav tom ntej tseem tsis tau hais txog. Tsis tas li, tseem tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia meej txog cov phiaj xwm ntawm Ministry of Defense. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau pom meej lawm tias kev siv "Beast" systems hauv pab tub rog yuav muaj qee qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog cia siab tias cov txheej txheem no yuav sawv tsis ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws daim ntawv thov yuav txo qis kev pheej hmoo rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, ntxiv rau ua kom yooj yim dua thiab ua kom tshem tawm cov xwm txheej.
