Koj puas tau pom tus noog ya ntawm no? Cov cim dav dav ntawm Rurik

Cov txheej txheem:

Koj puas tau pom tus noog ya ntawm no? Cov cim dav dav ntawm Rurik
Koj puas tau pom tus noog ya ntawm no? Cov cim dav dav ntawm Rurik

Video: Koj puas tau pom tus noog ya ntawm no? Cov cim dav dav ntawm Rurik

Video: Koj puas tau pom tus noog ya ntawm no? Cov cim dav dav ntawm Rurik
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Hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los, peb tau tshuaj xyuas kom ntxaws thiab thuam thesis txog qhov ua tau Slavic keeb kwm ntawm lub npe "Rurik". Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav txiav txim siab cov lus hais tias Rurikovichs siv los ua lawv cov generic (qee tus txawm siv lo lus "heraldic") lub cim, uas yog "kos npe ntawm tus noog".

Vim li cas thiaj xav tau cov cim cim?

Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb tias thaum lub sijhawm Rurik (nco ntsoov, qhov no yog qhov thib ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 9th), tsis hais xov xwm lossis ib lub tsho ntawm caj npab, hauv qhov kev nkag siab tias peb txuas nrog cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub no, hauv Tebchaws Europe, ob sab hnub poob thiab Sab hnub tuaj, txawm tias thiab tsis muaj lo lus nug.

Yog li yog tias peb tsis mus rau qhov phem tshaj thiab pib lees paub tias nws yog Slavs uas yog tus tsim ntawm European heraldry thiab tus sau ntawm thawj lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, yog li outstripping "enlightened Europe" los ntawm qhov zoo peb caug xyoo, tom qab ntawd peb yuav muaj siv cov ntsiab lus "cim kos npe", "kos npe khoom" lossis "tamga". Ntxiv mus, mus rau qhov loj cov tswv yim no muaj qhov sib thooj.

Hauv cov xyoo thaum ntxov, tsis muaj coob tus tub rog (thiab, raws li, cov thawj coj uas tau txib lawv) uas lawv tuaj yeem tsis meej pem hauv tshav rog, yog li kev txheeb xyuas ib lossis lwm tus thawj coj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem tsis tau yog txoj haujlwm nyuaj li nws yog ntau pua xyoo tom qab ….

Cov thawj coj ntawm pab pawg, raws li txoj cai, paub ib leeg zoo heev, yog tias tsis pom kev, tom qab ntawv tsawg kawg yog hnov. Raws li qhov kawg, lawv tuaj yeem qhia lawv tus kheej rau ib leeg tam sim ua ntej qhov kev sib tw.

Yog li tsis muaj qhov xav tau tiag tiag rau qhov yuav tsum tau hnav ntawm qee qhov cim tshwj xeeb rau cov tub rog thiab cov thawj coj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd - hais lus duab lossis qee qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb, xws li lub taub hau ntawm zaj nyob rau ntawm lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub cev los yog lub tsho kub ("kub luda "), txaus. Los ntawm cov neeg muaj suab npe Yakun, phooj ywg-hauv-caj npab ntawm Yaroslav Tus Txawj Ntse hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Listven.

Qhov no, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tau txhais hais tias ib qho cim tshwj xeeb tsis tau siv los ntawm cov thawj coj txhua. Nws tsuas yog tias lawv lub hom phiaj txawv ntawm lub tsho loj ntawm caj npab thiab chij.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov cim no tau siv los kos tus tswv ntawm ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, cov cim zoo li no tau hu ua lo lus "tamga". Cov Slavs siv cov ntsiab lus "znameno" lossis "spot".

Cov cim no tau siv los cim tsiaj txhu thiab lwm yam khoom (piv txwv li, npib), thiab tseem tau siv hauv kev soj ntsuam av raws li tus qauv ntawm tus ncej ciam teb niaj hnub no, txiav lawv, piv txwv li, ntawm cov ntoo lossis pob zeb. Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab, cov cim zoo li no tau siv los kos cov khoom ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm uas ua haujlwm hauv tus tub huabtais lub tsev hais plaub thiab txawm tias cov cib siv rau kev tsim kho.

Cov cim no yog, raws li txoj cai, yooj yim thiab tsis ntxim nyiam. Thiab cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub tseem pom tias nws nyuaj rau teb cov lus nug txawm tias feem ntau lawv nqa cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau lawv tus tswv, lossis lawv tsuas yog txheej txheem kab mob, yooj yim rau kev luam tawm ntawm txhua qhov chaw.

Muaj ntau pua qhov piv txwv ntawm cov cim no. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau, rau qhov laj thawj pom tseeb, lawv tau siv los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev npe thiab lawv cov neeg nyob sib ze.

Cov cim no yog tus cim ntawm lawv tus tswv. Thiab lawv tsis dhau mus rau tag nrho los ntawm cov qub txeeg qub teg los ntawm niam txiv rau menyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tswv cuab ntawm tib tsev neeg tuaj yeem siv cov cim zoo sib xws uas muaj ib lub hauv paus thiab sib txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov kev sib txawv no tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Cov cim ntawm thawj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg

Hais txog tus thawj coj-Rurikovich, thawj zaug nrog cov cim no, uas tuaj yeem ntseeg tau tiag tiag piv nrog nws tus tswv, peb hla mus, tshuaj xyuas lub foob ntawm Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich. Daim paib no zoo li no.

Koj puas tau pom tus noog ya ntawm no? Cov cim dav dav ntawm Rurik
Koj puas tau pom tus noog ya ntawm no? Cov cim dav dav ntawm Rurik

Daim duab qhia pom tias tus kheej kos npe (foob) ntawm Svyatoslav Igorevich yog cov ntawv ntxig "P". Los yog "tus neeg nyob" nrog sawv hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim duab peb sab taw rau hauv qab.

Nws yog qhov tseeb uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau xav tam sim rau cov lus nug - thaum lub cim no tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv Russia.

Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov lus teb, cov nyiaj npib pom ntawm Dnieper thiab Volga txoj kev lag luam tau pab ntau. Qhov tseeb yog tias qee cov nyiaj npib muaj cov cim, qhov hu ua "graffiti". Thiab ntawm lawv nws tsis yog li tsawg dhau los hla cov cim uas zoo ib yam hauv lawv cov kev teeb tsa rau lub cim ntawm lub cim ntawm Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich.

Qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis no los ntawm 885 qhov tseeb. Cov khoom muaj nqis no muaj cov nyiaj Arab dirham (ua hauv 878), uas koj tuaj yeem pom lub cim zoo li no.

Duab
Duab

Nws hloov tawm tias daim paib no tau sau tseg ntawm 878 thiab 885. Thiab qhov no yog lub sijhawm ntawm keeb kwm kev cai ntawm Rurik hauv Novgorod.

Yog lawm, raws li qhov kev tshawb pom ib leeg, peb tsis tuaj yeem lees tias qhov no yog lub cim ntawm Rurik. Zoo sib xws (Kuv hais txog - zoo ib yam, tsis zoo ib yam) cov cim tau siv hauv Khazar Kaganate. Thiab cov npib tuaj yeem tau txais lub cim zoo nyob ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd tuaj txog ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Russia ua ke nrog qee tus neeg lag luam Khazar.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej qhov pom zoo sib xws ntawm qhov kos npe ntawm Svyatoslav thiab lub cim pom ntawm lub npib no.

Ntxiv mus, muaj ntau ntau npib nrog cov duab zoo sib xws, uas rov qab los rau qee hnub tom qab.

Piv txwv li, ib npib nyiaj los ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom ze ntawm lub zos Pogorelschina, zais hauv lub sijhawm txog 920, uas yog, thaum Igor Rurikovich kav. Nyob rau uas yog inscribed xws li ib tug kos npe rau.

Duab
Duab

Ntawm no, ntawm ib sab, peb kuj pom tus tsaj ntawv. Ntxiv mus, qee qhov txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem pom nrog lub qhov muag liab qab, ob qho tib si ntawm nws thiab kos npe ntawm Svyatoslav, thiab nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab lub cim ntawm lub sijhawm Rurik txoj kev kav.

Kev txhim kho ntawm daim paib nws tus kheej kuj tau qhia meej heev.

Duab
Duab

Thawj lub cim yog los ntawm lub sijhawm Rurik, qhov thib ob yog los ntawm lub sijhawm Igor Rurikovich, tus thib peb yog los ntawm Svyatoslav Igorevich.

Yog li qhov kev xav tias thawj npib dais lub cim ntawm Rurik tsis zoo li nrawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav muaj peev xwm los piav qhia qhov teeb meem no tsuas yog nrog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv tshawb fawb.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws dhau los ua qhov pom tseeb tias thaum pib lub cim ntawm Rurik dynasty tsis yog trident, tab sis bident. Nws yog lub cim no uas tau siv los ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Svyatoslav Igorevich thiab, tej zaum (thiab txawm tias yuav zoo li cas), los ntawm nws txiv thiab yawg. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, daim paib no tsis muaj dab tsi zoo ib yam nrog kev tawm tsam falcon nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib qho classic trident.

Falcon Trident

Thaum twg qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg no tshwm sim hauv cov kab ke ntawm cov cim ntawm Rurikovichs?

Thiab nws tau tshwm sim nrog cov menyuam ntawm Svyatoslav.

S. V. Beletsky, raws li nws qhov kev tshawb fawb, rov tsim dua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cim ntawm Rurikovich, pom kev nthuav tawm nws hauv ib hom ntoo hauv tsev.

Duab
Duab

Daim duab xav tau qee cov lus qhia.

Peb pom tias los ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Svyatoslav Igorevich, ob tus ntawm nws cov menyuam raug cai, Yaropolk thiab Oleg, khaws lub bidentate ua lub hauv paus ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv kos npe. Thaum nws tus tub thib peb Vladimir txuas lwm tus hniav nruab nrab rau tus neeg sawv cev, yog li tsim hom trident.

Nov yog qhov cim no zoo li cas ntawm tus tub huabtais Vladimir.

Duab
Duab

Tus hniav thib peb tseem yuag ntau dua li lwm tus. Thiab tag nrho cov cim tseem tsis tuaj yeem coj mus rau kev koom tes nrog diving falcon. S. V. Beletsky (pom tsis yog qhov tsis tsim nyog) ntseeg tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov kos npe ntawm Vladimir tuaj yeem yog lub cim ntawm nws kev ua siab phem.

Kuv xav kos koj cov xim rau ib qho ntxiv subtlety tshwm sim hauv daim duab. Ntawd yog, qhov tseeb tias Yaropolk Svyatoslavich thiab nws tus tub Svyatopolk Yaropolchich txhua tus siv ob daim duab ib zaug. Ntxiv mus, hauv ob qho tib si, ib qho ntawm cov cim no rov ua dua lub cim ntawm Svyatoslav Igorevich nws tus kheej - tus neeg yooj yim.

Qhov tseeb no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias ua ntej Svyatoslav tuag, txhua tus ntawm nws cov menyuam muaj nws tus kheej lub cim. Txoj Cai Yaropolk thiab Oleg yog tus hloov pauv me ntsis. Thiab tub ceev xwm Vladimir yog trident. Tom qab Svyatoslav tuag, Yaropolk tau los ua nws tus neeg raug cai. Thiab txij lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tau lees paub thiab pib siv nws txiv lub cim - tus neeg yooj yim.

Tau tuav lub hwj chim, Vladimir Svyatoslavich, rau qee qhov laj thawj, tsis hloov nws cov cim dav dav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tus tub Svyatopolk, pom tau tias yog qee yam kev tawm tsam rau Vladimir thiab txiav txim siab Yaropolk los ua nws txiv, thiab nws zoo tshaj li cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm nws txiv ntxawm-txiv neej tsis lees paub, tau pib siv ob qho yooj yim kos npe raws li nws cov cim dav dav lub cim ntawm nws txiv thiab yawg.

Tus cwj pwm no ntawm nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv tau suav nrog Vladimir yog qhov nyuaj thiab ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum ntawm 1013, vim Svyatopolk, ntawm lwm qhov kev pom zoo rau Vladimir, tau hloov nws lub cim tseem ceeb, ntxiv tus ntoo khaub lig rau nws sab laug.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawm tsam nom tswv tom qab kev tuag ntawm Vladimir Svyatoslavich yog Svyatopolk tuag thiab kev tshem tawm cov ceg qub thiab raug cai ntawm Rurik dynasty. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Svyatoslav tus neeg sawv cev muab txoj hauv kev rau Vladimir lub trident. Nws cov tub tsuas yog siv trident ua ib qho cim dav dav.

Cov tub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Vladimir, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yaroslav Tus Txawj Ntse, siv cov cim hauv qab no.

Duab
Duab

Hauv qhov kos npe no, yog tias koj muaj qee qhov kev xav, koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab silhouette ntawm kev tawm tsam falcon. Nws yog nws, pom tseeb, uas dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus dab neeg hais txog "falcon" keeb kwm ntawm lub cim Rurikovich.

Kev txhim kho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb hauv tsev neeg

Cov neeg txhawb nqa cov lus dab neeg no, txawm li cas los xij, raws li txoj cai, tsis txhob xav txog qhov tseeb tias tom qab (txog rau xyoo XIII) cov cim tseem ceeb txuas ntxiv mus, qee zaum hloov mus rau qhov tsis tuaj yeem lees paub. Yog li, piv txwv li, cov cim dav dav ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Yaroslav Tus Txawj Ntse tau saib.

Duab
Duab

Cov no yog cov cim dav dav, feem, ntawm Yaroslav tus tub ntse Izyaslav thiab nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Yaropolk thiab Svyatopolk Izyaslavich.

Duab
Duab

Thiab cov no yog cov cim dav dav ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Rostov-Suzdal, thiab tom qab Vladimir-Suzdal thaj av: ua tiav Vsevolod Yaroslavich, Vladimir Monomakh, Yuri Dolgoruky, Andrei Bogolyubsky thiab Vsevolod lub Zes Loj.

Los yog, piv txwv li, qhov no yog li cas cov cim cim ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Chernigov ceg zoo li.

Duab
Duab

Daim duab no qhia, feem, cov cim dav dav ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Oleg Svyatoslavich (yawg koob ntawm Chernigov Olgovichi) thiab nws tus tub Vsevolod Olgovich, uas tseem nyob hauv Kiev lub rooj loj.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov paib no hauv cov neeg coob coob tsis txawm nyob deb li ib tus neeg dag.

Muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm daim duab ntawm tsev neeg Rurik kos npe. Nws tsis muaj kev nkag siab ntau los teev lawv txhua qhov hauv kab lus no.

Hauv qee qhov ntawm lawv, nrog kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem pom tus noog ya. Lwm tus, zoo li lub cim Oleg Svyatoslavich, zoo li miv. Los yog, raws li lub cim ntawm Andrei Bogolyubsky, ntawm tus swan. Tab sis lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov cim no yuav tsis hloov pauv los ntawm qhov no - lawv txhua tus tuaj ntawm thawj tus tswv cuab ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Svyatoslav Igorevich, uas, nyeg, nrog qib siab ntawm qhov tshwm sim yog tus txais cuab tam los ntawm nws txiv thiab yawg.

Yog li, thesis hais tias cov poj koob yawm txwv kos npe ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Rurik yog tus hma zoo nkauj hauv kev tawm tsam (ntxiv rau thesis ntawm Slavic keeb kwm ntawm lub npe "Rurik") zoo li yuav tsum tau rov hais dua.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam yooj yim.

Pom zoo: