Hauv kev txuas nrog kev hloov pauv nyob rau sab hnub poob mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab tsis muaj kev cia siab ntawm kev swb sai sai ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nyob rau pem hauv ntej no, German siab hais kom ua, tom qab qee qhov kev tawm tsam sab hauv, thaum kawg xaiv sab hnub tuaj ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog rau 1915.
Tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias, nyob rau nruab nrab Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1914, kwv yees li qhov xwm txheej hauv qab no tau tsim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Ua ntej txoj haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov neeg German raws tus dej. Angerapu thiab Masurian Lakes tau nres los ntawm pab tub rog Lav Xias 10, uas muaj 15 tus tub rog. kev sib cais tawm tsam 8 German. Ntawm sab laug ntawm tus dej. Vistula tom qab tawv ncauj sib ntaus sib tua 1st, 2nd thiab 5th Russia cov tub rog (33 pawg tub rog tawg rog) tau tuav haujlwm rau pp. Bzura thiab Ravkoy. Cov tub rog German zaum thib 9 (25 pawg tub rog sib tua) tau nyob ntawm qhov chaw no ntawm Lavxias pem hauv ntej. Ntxiv sab qab teb, nruab nrab ntawm pp. Pilica thiab Vistula, cov tub rog Lavxias thib 4 thiab 9 (17 pawg tub rog sib tua) tau nyob, nrog rau pab tub rog Austrian thib 4 (17 kev sib cais) nyob rau ntawm lawv xub ntiag. Cov tub rog thib 4 tau muab sab laug ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub poob. Cov tub rog Lavxias hauv Galicia (thib 3, 8 thiab 11), tom qab tshem tawm Austrian kev ua phem, sib sau ua ke lawv txoj haujlwm, tiv thaiv uas muaj 31 tus tub rog. yeeb ncuab faib. Yog li, tawm tsam 103 kev sib cais Lavxias nyob rau sab pem hauv ntej (suav nrog qhov tshwj tseg ntawm kev hais kom ua siab), Cov neeg German muaj 83 kev sib cais (suav nrog Austrian sawv daws). "Kev paub ntawm Tannenberg thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Masurian Lakes tau qhia," hais tias Ludendorff hauv nws phau ntawv sau cia, "qhov loj thiab ua tiav tau zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav tsuas yog tias cov yeeb ncuab raug tawm tsam los ntawm ob sab." "Tam sim no txoj hauv kev tau tshwm sim," nws hais ntxiv, "kom mob siab rau pab pawg muaj zog ntawm peb pawg tub rog ntawm Neman thiab txoj kev Insterburg, Gumbinen thiab tawm tsam, ntim rau hauv Tilsit, Vladislavov thiab Kalwaria. Lwm pab pawg, uas suav nrog 11th Reserve Corps, uas tau muab rau lwm 2 tus tub rog thiab 4 tus tub rog caij nkoj, tau xa mus nruab nrab ntawm Spirding pas dej thiab ciam teb hla Byala mus rau Raigorod, mus rau Augustow thiab ntxiv rau sab qab teb … Ob pawg neeg poob siab xav tias yuav nyob ib puag ncig cov yeeb ncuab (piv txwv li, hnub tim 10 Cov tub rog Lavxias), thiab ua ntej yog tias ib puag ncig, nws yuav zoo dua rau peb … Qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej yog kev tuav ruaj khov ntawm txoj kab ntev Wloclawsk, Mlawa, Johanisburg, Osovets "{1}. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, German cov lus txib tseem tau npaj tawm tsam los ntawm sab qab teb, hauv Carpathians. "Peb tab tom npaj tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tshiab hauv East Prussia. Yog tias txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau Hungarian nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev nyab xeeb tau zoo dua, cov phiaj xwm zoo li kev tawm tsam yuav xav tau hauv Carpathians" {2}.
Txhawm rau tawm tsam los ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussia nrog lub hom phiaj npog ob sab ntawm 10 tus tub rog Lavxias, German cov lus txib tau xa cov tub rog loj los ntawm sab laug ntawm r. Vistula (daim duab 1).
Scheme 1. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm ob sab ua ntej Lub Ob Hlis 15, 1915
Cov lus txib tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias, nyob rau hauv siab los ntawm Entente, rov teeb tsa cov tub rog txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ntes East Prussia. Lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau npaj yuav xa los ntawm Pultusk pem hauv ntej, Ostrolenka nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Soldau, Ortelsburg, uas yog, mus rau lub flank ntawm 10th German pab tub rog. Rau lub hom phiaj no, tau tsim tshiab, Pawg Tub Rog thib 12 ntawm General Plehve. Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum pib tom qab kev ua tiav ntawm pab tub rog 12, nyob ib puag ncig 28 Lub Ob Hlis. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm no: "los ua kom muaj kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov tub rog German nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia, vam tias nrog cov pab pawg no nws yuav muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg German hauv qee thaj chaw, qhov twg nws yuav tuaj yeem coj peb kev rau siab. txhawm rau txhawm rau hla tus yeeb ncuab qhov chaw thiab kev txhim kho ntxiv, ua tiav txoj hauv kev no. "{3}.
Lavxias cov lus txib siab, tau siv txoj hauv kev los tawm tsam Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussia, tau muab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub poob. Tab sis tus thawj coj-tus thawj coj ntawm lub hauv ntej no, General Ivanov, cuam tshuam rau Lub Hauv Paus Loj Lub Tsev Haujlwm, ua tiav qhov kev txiav txim siab los ua ib txhij tawm tsam hauv Hungary. Yog li ntawd, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1915 g.cov lus txib siab tshaj ntawm Lavxias pab tub rog tau piav qhia ob txoj kev npaj - kev tawm tsam rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia thiab rau hauv Hungary - uas yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib txhij. Qhov no coj mus rau lub ntsiab lus tias kev siv zog ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias tau tsom mus rau ob txoj hauv kev, uas ua rau muaj kev sib cais ntawm cov rog raws txoj kab sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Cov lus txib German tau paub txog lub hom phiaj ntawm Lavxias Lub Hauv Paus. Ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev rov sib sau ua ke, nws tau txiav txim siab ceeb toom nws cov yeeb ncuab thiab npaj yuav tawm tsam kev tawm tsam txhawm rau txhawm rau npog npog Lavxias pem hauv ntej los ntawm ob sab - los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab los ntawm Carpathians - thiab txeeb qhov kev pib ua hauv nws txhais tes.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1915, Cov Neeg German tau tawm tsam kev ua phem tawm tsam 10th pab tub rog Lavxias, vim qhov ntawd lawv tsis tsuas yog thwarted kev tawm tsam npaj los ntawm Lavxias cov lus txib rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia, tab sis thawb cov tub rog 10 tawm ntawm thaj chaw no, thaum ncig 20 Cov neeg Lavxias thiab ua rau nws ntxim nyiam.
Hauv kev txuas nrog cov xwm txheej tsim, Prasnysh kev ua haujlwm, uas tau nthuav tawm hauv Mlavsky cov lus qhia, tam sim tom qab Lub Ob Hlis ua haujlwm hauv East Prussia, tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm Prasnysh kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg German yog tuav txoj kab Wloclavsk, Mlawa, Ioganisburg, Osovets. Sai li qhov kev xa tawm ntawm pab pawg pab pawg tau ua tiav, nws yuav tsum xav txog yuav ua li cas thawj zaug txav mus rau ntawm pab pawg pab tub rog mus rau tus dej Skrva, yog li ntawd nws yuav tawm tsam ntawm qhov ua tau. kev tawm tsam ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias thiab tau txais lub sijhawm los ua raws li sab laug ntawm 9 pawg tub rog ntawm lub qhov ncauj r. General Galwitz ntseeg tias tsuas yog kev tawm tsam pib qhov tseeb ntau dua li sab laug ntawm nws pab pawg tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov neeg Lavxias los ntawm kev xa cov tub rog mus txhawb pab tub rog thib 10 los ntawm Masurian Lakes. Ua los ntawm qhov no, nws txiav txim siab txuas ntxiv qhov kev tawm tsam, uas tau pib ua ntej dhau los, ntawm nws sab xis ntawm Drobin, Ratsiyazh thiab tom qab tuaj txog ntawm 1st rez. cov tub rog (los ntawm pab tub rog thib 9) kom tawm tsam Prasnysh thiab mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Yog li, Cov Neeg German tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm tuav Wloclawsk, Johannisburg kab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nyiam cov tub rog Lavxias tseem ceeb txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev xa cov tub rog mus txhawb pab tub rog thib 10. Lavxias cov lus txib tau teeb tsa nws tus kheej txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog 12 thiab 1st cov tub rog ntawm Lomzha, Prasnysh, Plock kab thiab nce qib ntawm Soldau thiab ntxiv mus rau sab qaum teb hnub poob. Tab sis, raws li peb tau paub, lub tswv yim ntawm kev ntxaum ntxaum ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussia, xeeb los ntawm Lavxias cov lus txib, tau cuam tshuam los ntawm German kev tawm tsam los ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussia thiab kev swb ntawm 10th pab tub rog Lavxias.
Lavxias cov lus txib, sawv cev los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm 1st Army, General Litvinov, teeb tsa txoj haujlwm txwv ntau dua - kom npog txoj hauv kev mus rau Warsaw los ntawm Wilenberg thiab Thorn sab nrog kev tawm tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, tsis tas tos qhov kawg ntawm Tub rog thib 12. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 15, General Litvinov tshaj tawm cov lus qhia, raws li lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau xa mus rau sab laug ntawm cov tub rog, qhov uas nws tau tsom mus rau lub zog tseem ceeb. Hauv thaj tsam Prasnysh thiab sab hnub poob, qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm 1st Turkestan cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog ntawm General Khimets tseem nyob.
Thaum pib ntawm Prasnysh kev ua haujlwm, cov neeg German muaj cov hauv qab no: pab pawg tub rog ntawm General Galvits ua ib feem ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Generals Tsastrov, Dikhgut, 1st Res. corps, 1st tus neeg zov. kev sib faib, chav nyob ntawm sab caj npab 20. corps, landsturm thiab 2 cov tub rog sib faib, uas yog, tag nrho ntawm 4 corps thiab 2 cov tub rog sib faib. Pawg Tub Rog Galvits muaj rab phom loj hnyav. Ntawm cov neeg Lavxias ntawm thawj theem hauv Prasnysh kev ua haujlwm, cov tub rog ntawm 1st Army tau koom nrog: 1st Turkestan, 27th thiab 19th caj npab. cov tub rog, cov tub rog tub rog ntawm General Oranovsky, pab pawg tub rog ntawm General Erdeli thiab lwm cov tub rog caij nees - tag nrho ntawm 3 tus tub rog thiab 9½ pawg tub rog sib faib. Yog li, thaum pib ua haujlwm, cov neeg German tau zoo tshaj hauv cov tub rog. Yog tias peb txiav txim siab tias cov tub rog Lavxias muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis txaus, muaj kev paub txog "plhaub tshaib plab" thiab muaj cov phom me me, tom qab ntawd qhov kom zoo dua yog nyob ntawm cov neeg German.
Ncaj nraim ntawm Mlavsky (Prasnyshsky) cov lus qhia, muaj 2 lub koom haum German (Tsastrov lub cev thiab tus thib 1 res. Corps), ib feem ntawm pawg neeg thib 20 thiab cov neeg nyob hauv av, lossis tsuas yog 2½ corps; Cov neeg Lavxias muaj cov tub rog Turkestan thiab cov tub rog thib 63. faib (los ntawm 27th Army Corps), uas yog, cov neeg German muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua.
Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm, 1st thiab 2nd Siberian corps tau koom nrog ib sab ntawm cov neeg Lavxias (tom kawg yog koom nrog pab tub rog thib 12), uas tau hloov pauv qhov sib npaug ntawm cov rog ntawm ob sab hauv Prasnysh cov lus qhia thiab muab qee qhov zoo tshaj rau Cov tub rog Lavxias (5 pab tub rog tiv thaiv 4 tus neeg German) …
Thaj chaw ua haujlwm yog toj roob hauv pes nqes hav sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb. Nws tau txiav los ntawm cov ceg av qab teb ntawm Vistula thiab Narew dej. Lub hav ntawm cov dej no yog 1-3 km dav thiab swampy hauv qhov chaw. Ntawm tus dej, tus dej tsim nyog mloog. Orzhits nrog hav swampy txog li 1 km dav; los ntawm Horzhele qhov dav ntawm lub hav nce mus txog 5-6 km: tus dej faib ua ceg thiab nthuav tawm qhov teeb meem loj rau kev hla kev. Orzhitsa ceg av qab teb, r. Hungarian, ntws los ntawm Prasnysh. Sab laug ceg av qab teb ntawm Vengerka, r. Ntsaum hla txoj haujlwm ntawm ob sab. Ob tus dej muaj hav mus txog 1-2 km dav. Tus so ntawm cov dej ntws tsis tseem ceeb; lawv txhua tus ntws los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb, uas yog, yuav luag sib luag rau txoj hauv kev ntawm ob sab kev ua phem.
Toj siab tsis siab, lawv cov nqes hav feem ntau yog tiaj tus, cov khaub ncaws feem ntau tuaj yeem ua qhov chaw soj ntsuam zoo. Cov av hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm yog loam nrog cov sib xyaw ntawm podzol. Thaum txoj kev av nkos, cov av zoo li hloov pauv mus ua av, sai rau ntawm ko taw thiab lub log thiab ua rau nws tsis yooj yim txav. Thaj chaw ntawd muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, tab sis txhua txoj kev av qeeg nyob hauv qhov tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, thaj chaw tau yooj yim rau kev ua ntawm txhua hom tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau thaw, uas cuam tshuam loj heev rau chav kawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Scheme 2. Kev sib ntaus sib tua txij hnub tim 18 txog 25 Lub Ob Hlis 1915
KEV KAWM UA HAUJ LWM UA HAUJ LWM
Kev ua haujlwm Prasnysh tuaj yeem faib ua peb theem:
Thawj theem (txij li 15 txog 21 Lub Ob Hlis) - kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv cheeb tsam Rationage. Drobin (nyob rau sab laug ntawm thawj pab tub rog Lavxias thib 1).
Theem thib ob (txij li 17 txog 24 Lub Ob Hlis) - kev ntes lub nroog Prasnysh los ntawm cov neeg German.
Theem thib peb (txij Lub Ob Hlis 25 txog Lub Peb Hlis 3) yog kev rov ntes lub nroog Prasnysh los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias.
Thawj zaug thiab theem ob sib koom ua ke nyob rau lub sijhawm, tab sis lawv tau coj mus rau qhov sib txawv, huab, sib tw ntawm 1st pab tub rog Lavxias.
Twb pib txij Lub Ob Hlis 10, German cov tub rog ntawm General Dichgut thiab Tus Saib Xyuas thib 1. res. qhov kev faib tau nce qib hauv Drobin, Rationzh. Sawv ntawm Lavxias sab laug, Erdeli cov tub rog thiab 1st Cavalry Corps thim rov qab rau tus dej. Skrve rau sab hnub tuaj. Sib nrug los ntawm 1st Turkestan corps, uas twb tau ua haujlwm ntawm no, 27 thiab 19th pab tub rog tau xa tuaj ntawm no. vaj tse.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 17, General Litvinov tau tshaj tawm cov lus qhia, uas tau sau tseg: 1st Turkestan corps kom ua tiav qhov ua tiav ntawm lub hom phiaj dhau los, uas yog, kom muaj yeeb ncuab hauv Mlavsky kev coj; Txog rau Pab Tub Rog 19th thiab 1st Cavalry Corps - txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam ntawm Glinojeck, Ratsionzh pem hauv ntej; units ntawm 27th caj npab. corps los pab txhawb qhov kev tawm tsam no. Yog li, kev tawm tsam ntiag tug ntawm cov neeg German nyiam yuav luag txhua lub zog ntawm thawj pab tub rog Lavxias, ua rau lub zog Prasnysh tsis muaj zog, qhov uas twb muaj lawm thaum Lub Ob Hlis 17, 2 German pab tub rog tau pib ua ntej (1 res. Corps thiab Corps ntawm General Tsastrov).
Ntawm no pem hauv ntej, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau mus nrog kev ua tiav sib txawv: Cov tub rog Lavxias ib nrab nias rau cov neeg German, tom qab ntawd qhov kawg yuam kom General Erdeli cov tub rog caij tsheb thim rov qab, thiab thaum kawg kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim ntev.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 17, kev tawm tsam ntawm sab laug ntawm General Galvits pawg tau pib. 1st res tau cov tub rog, thawb mus rau pem hauv ntej cov neeg sib cais, mloog zoo ntawm Horzhel. Rau sab xis ntawm nws tau ua lub cev ntawm General Tsastrov.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 17 thiab 18, Cov Neeg German tau nce qib me ntsis ntawm cov flank no. Lawv hla dhau pab pawg raws li cov lus txib ntawm General Shtaabs mus txog tus dej. Txawm li cas los xij, Orzhits tsis tuaj yeem ntes hla mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Unicorozhets, tiv thaiv los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 18, General Galvits txiav txim siab tawm tsam nrog lub zog ntawm 1st res. corps mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm Prasnysh thiab tsoo lub flank ntawm 1st Turkestan corps, nyob hauv Tsekhanov. Txawm li cas los xij, tus thawj coj ntawm German sab hnub tuaj tau txiav txim siab tias kev tawm tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm Prasnysh muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua rau nws qhov kev ntes thiab tau tshaj tawm cov lus qhia kom hla mus rau qhov hla dhau Prasnysh.
Ua kom tiav cov lus qhia no, General Galvitz thaum Lub Ob Hlis 18 tau txiav txim zaum 1. cov tub rog nrog nws cov tub rog tseem ceeb nyob rau hnub tom ntej kom txav mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Prasnysh hauv txoj hauv kev xws li txhawm rau tua 1st Turkestan cov tub rog ntawm cov neeg Lavxias ntawm sab xis thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm 20 Lub Ob Hlis. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, txiav 1st. cov neeg nyob hauv qab txoj cai-flank faib los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm General Tsastrov (faib ntawm General Vernitsa); nws yuav tsum hla Prasnysh los ntawm sab hnub poob (daim duab 2).
Lub sijhawm no, cov dej pib yaj, txoj kev dhau los ua tsis tau. Yog li ntawd, txiav 1st. qhov kev faib tau mus txog Schl ua ntej chav nyob, thiab kev txiav 36th. faib - tsuas yog mus txog Ednorozhets.
Lub Ob Hlis 20 1 1 res. cov tub rog hla Prasnysh los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj thiab, yam tsis tau ntsib kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias, tsim ua ntej mus rau sab hnub poob.
Txhawm rau taug kev ncig, tus thawj coj ntawm 1st Turkestan cov tub rog tau xa 2 pawg tub rog mus rau Shchuki, txog 5 pawg tub rog mus rau Golyany, thiab 2 pawg tub rog mus rau thaj tsam Makov. Txawm li cas los xij, tus thawj coj ntawm 1st Army, General Litvinov, tseem ntseeg tias nws sab laug yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, thiab tsis tau txiav txim siab txiav txim siab tshem tawm kev tawm tsam German hauv Prasnysh. Lub caij no, kev tsom mus rau pab tub rog ntawm 12th pab tub rog Lavxias txuas ntxiv mus, thiab txog Lub Ob Hlis 20, thib 2 Siberian corps, ua tiav kev hloov pauv los ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau, sib sau ua ke hauv thaj tsam Ostrov. 1st Siberian Corps los ntawm lub sijhawm no tau taug kev mus rau Serotsk.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 21, 1st German txiav. cov tub ceev xwm tau ua lub luag haujlwm txhawm rau ntes lub nroog Prasnysh txhawm rau txhawm rau tom qab ntawm 1st Turkestan cov tub rog nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Tsekhanov. 1st txiav. kev sib faib tau tawm tsam txoj haujlwm muaj zog sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Prasnysh.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov koom haum Lavxias tau rov qab los ntawm txoj haujlwm tom ntej. 36th qab. qhov kev faib tawm, mus rau kev hla dhau sab qab teb ntawm Prasnysh, tau ntsib kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias thiab tsuas yog thaum yav tsaus ntuj tuaj yeem thawb rov qab 63th Infantry txoj cai flank. faib tiv thaiv lub nroog Prasnysh. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nrog qhov pib tsaus ntuj los ntawm sab laug ntawm 1st Turkestan corps, kwv yees li 2 tus tub rog tub rog tau xa mus rau Stara Ves (25 km sab qab teb ntawm Prasnysh) txhawm rau cuam tshuam txoj hauv kev los ntawm Prasnysh.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 21, General Litvinov tau txais cov xov tooj hauv qab no los ntawm tus thawj coj, General Ruzsky: "Thawj pab tub rog tau ua lub luag haujlwm saib xyuas Vyshegrod, Plonsk, Tsekhanov, Prasnysh kab ntawm txhua tus nqi. Txoj haujlwm uas tau muab rau thawj pab tub rog tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tiv thaiv lossis tawm tsam. Qhov kev tiv thaiv txheej txheem ntawm kev nqis tes ua, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab qhia yuav tsum tau nyob, thiab ntawm lub ntsiab, uas yog, ntawm Mlavskoe kev taw qhia, yuav tsum muaj zog rooj plaub ntawm kev daws teeb meem txoj haujlwm tam sim no los ntawm kev tawm tsam, nws pom tseeb tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tua ncaj qha rau ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, uas yog, ntawm Mlavskoye. thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig vim tias nws tsis cuam tshuam rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab kev sib koom tes ntawm 1st Army nrog rau Army 12 … Hauv qhov kev saib xyuas ntawm txhua qhov saum toj no, Kuv thov kom rov txhim kho cov rog ntawm 1st Army raws li tsuas yog qhia txog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab thawj pab tub rog … thiab ua kom tiav kev sib sau ua ke sai li sai tau "{5}.
Yog li, tsuas yog thaum Prasnysh twb dhau mus lawm thiab, qhov tseeb, nyob ib puag ncig, thaum kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog German mus txog qhov kev txhim kho tag nrho, General Litvinov yuav tsum tso tseg (thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv siab los ntawm saum toj no) nws txoj kev npaj thiab ua raws li qhov xwm txheej muaj yeej.
Txog Lub Ob Hlis 22, qhov xwm txheej yog raws li hauv qab no: faib General Vernitsa nkag mus rau Mlawa txoj kev loj, Prasnysh ze Grudusk thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm nws; 36th qab. Txog thaum kawg ntawm hnub, kev faib ua haujlwm nyob hauv Volya Verzhbovsk thiab yog li txiav tawm cov chaw Lavxias tiv thaiv hauv Prasnysh los ntawm txoj kev khiav tawm mus rau Tsekhanov. Tom qab ntawd tus thawj coj ntawm 1st Turkestan corps tau txiav txim siab ib ntus kom npog txoj hauv kev los ntawm Tsekhanov kom khoov txoj cai ntawm nws txoj haujlwm sab qab teb ntawm Volya Verzhbovsk.
Hnub tom ntej, 23 Lub Ob Hlis, General Wernitz txoj kev faib ua ntej nrog nws sab flank thiab tau ntsib nrog kev txiav thawj. lub tsev ntawm Wola Berzbowska. Lub nplhaib kaw ib puag ncig Prasnysh. Nyob rau tib hnub ntawd, cov neeg German tau tawm tsam Prasnysh thiab ntes lub nroog sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog thiab cov tsev pheeb suab nyob hauv nws sab hnub tuaj. Garrison ntawm Prasnysh - 63rd Infantry. faib - tawv ncauj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau sab German, thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 24, Prasnysh raug coj mus.
Ib tus neeg koom nrog hauv Prasnysh kev sib ntaus sib tua piav qhia lub sijhawm no raws li hauv qab no: "Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24, thaum txog 10 teev sawv ntxov, kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Prasnysh cov tub rog nyob hauv tsev tau xaus. Muaj poob ntau dua ib nrab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus. lub zog tshiab coj los ntawm Galvits … "{6}. Lub caij no, mus rau qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua, mus rau Prasnysh, 2 lub koom haum Lavxias tau maj nrawm: 2nd Siberian los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab 1st Siberian los ntawm sab qab teb. Txog Lub Ob Hlis 20, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua tiav kev hloov pauv los ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau thiab tsom mus rau thaj tsam Ostrov thiab Serotsk. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nqis tes ua ntawm cov neeg no tsis tau koom tes. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm 2nd Siberian Corps tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog 12th, thiab 1st Siberian Corps rau tus thawj coj ntawm 1st Army. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 21, 2nd Siberian corps tau taug kev los ntawm Island mus rau Ostrolenka, thiab 1st Siberian corps tau teeb tsa hmo ntuj 6-8 km sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Serotsk. Hnub tom qab, 2nd Siberian corps mus txog thaj tsam 6-8 km sab hnub poob ntawm Ostrolenka, thiab 1st Siberian corps mus txog thaj tsam Pultusk. Ntawm no lawv siv hmo ntuj. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23, 2nd Siberian corps tau mus txog Krasnoselts, thiab 1st Siberian corps - rau Makov, thiab nws cov koog tom ntej tau ntsib nrog cov tub rog ntawm 1st Turkestan corps. Thaum yuam tus dej. Orzhits, uas yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb los ntawm kev thaw, cov chav ntawm 2nd Siberian corps ntsib kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. 1st Siberian Corps, maj mam thiab ua tib zoo nce mus rau sab qaum teb, nce qib tsuas yog 6-8 km thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23 nrog rau kev tiv thaiv German tsawg heev. Txog hnub kawg, chav nyob ntawm 1st thiab 2nd Siberian corps tau nyob txog 18 km ntawm Prasnysh.
Thaum 22:00 thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23, tus thawj coj ntawm 2nd Siberian corps tau txais cov lus qhia los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog thib 12, General Plehve, uas tau hais tias: tua mus rau ntawm lub flank thiab tom qab. " Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau qhia: "nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntes cov lus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rov qab mus rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj" {7}.
Scheme 3. Sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm 25 txog 28 Lub Ob Hlis 1915
Raws li cov lus qhia no, tus thawj coj ntawm 2nd Siberian corps teeb tsa txoj haujlwm ntawm txoj cai-thib 5 Siberian faib ua ntej rau Shlya, Bartniki pem hauv ntej txhawm rau tawm ntawm txoj kev ntawm tus yeeb ncuab kev sib txuas lus. Thib 4 Siberian Division tau xaj kom ua ntej hla hla Podosye hauv txoj kev coj mus rau Bartniki, Prasnysh pem hauv ntej, los tua cov yeeb ncuab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb cov lus qhia, nrog lub hom phiaj, ua ke nrog 1st Siberian Corps, kom npog cov yeeb ncuab., txiav nws txoj kev tawm mus. 1st Siberian Corps, nce qib los ntawm Makov mus rau Prasnysh, tsis tau txais lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
Tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog thib 1 txog rau zaum kawg tau khaws nws lub zog tseem ceeb (27th thiab 19th Army Corps, 1st Cavalry Corps) ntawm nws sab laug. Thiab tsuas yog Lub Ob Hlis 24, General Litvinov tau sau hauv nws cov lus qhia: "Kuv thov kom tag kis, Lub Ob Hlis 25, 1st Siberian Corps nyob hauv Prasnysh, thiab 1st Turk. Corps - Khoinovo cheeb tsam." Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 25, General Litvinov tshaj tawm cov lus qhia tshiab, raws li Tshooj 3 Kav. cov tub rog tau thim los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm sab laug ntawm cov tub rog thiab mloog zoo rau Mlavsky kev coj. Hnub tom qab, nws thim rov qab los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm sab laug thiab sab caj npab 19. thav duab
Yog li, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, General Litvinov raug yuam kom hloov nws thawj pab pawg. Tab sis nws lig dhau lawm. 1st cav. Txog thaum kawg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov tub rog tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog kev tawm tsam hauv Prasnysh cov lus qhia.
General Galvits, muaj cov ntaub ntawv txawj ntse txog txoj hauv kev ntawm 1st thiab 2nd Siberian corps. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 25, nws tau txiav txim siab los tiv thaiv. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm Prasnysh tau ua raws li hauv qab no (daim duab 3): kev txiav 36th tau tiv thaiv los ntawm sab qab teb. faib, nyob ib sab rau kev faib ntawm General Vernitz; los ntawm sab hnub tuaj - 9th lundv. cov tub rog thiab ib nrab ntawm cov tub rog thib 3. kev sib cais; thawj qhov kev txiav yog nyob hauv qhov tshwj tseg. faib.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 25, chav nyob ntawm 1st thiab 2nd Siberian corps tau hla mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nyuaj siab ntawm 1st Siberian corps, kev txiav 36th. faib ntawm Germans, pib thim rov qab. Thaum nruab hnub, cov tub rog tau nce mus txog 6 km thiab nkag mus rau kab 8 km sab qab teb ntawm Prasnysh. 1st Turkestan Corps, nrog nws txoj cai flank, nce mus rau Zelena, Volia Verzhbovsk kab.
Qhov thib 2 Siberian Corps tsoo qhov tsis kam ntawm 9th Landau nrog hmo tsaus ntuj. pab tub rog thiab mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm B. Grzhibki, Frankovo, Karvach, uas yog, nws tau mus txog Prasnysh txog 5 km.
Hnub tom ntej, tus thawj coj ntawm 2nd Siberian Corps tau txais cov lus qhia los ntawm General Plehve "kom kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab, nrhiav nws kom nruj tshaj plaws, tsis muaj kev khuv leej, yog tias ua tau, tsis tso nws, tab sis coj lossis rhuav tshem, feem ntau qhia lub zog loj… sim tsis txhob tso cov chav nyob rov qab los ntawm Prasnysh yeeb ncuab thiab ntes txoj hauv kev ntawm nws tawm ntawm Prasnysh mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb "{8}. Tag nrho cov hnub no, cov chav ntawm 2nd Siberian corps tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj los ntawm 9th landva. pawg tub rog los ntawm 15 teev, nyob ntawm kab ntawm Dembina, Karvach, Fiyalkovo. Thaum 16 teev. 30 feeb. tus thawj coj ntawm 2nd Siberian corps tau txais cov lus qhia tshiab, uas tau qhia tias "hauv kev saib cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev thim tawm ntawm cov neeg German mus rau sab qaum teb los ntawm Prasnysh, nws raug nquahu kom muab koj kab lus rau sab qaum teb qhia kom ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tob dua" { 9}. Nws tsuas yog tom qab cov lus qhia uas tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog thib 2 txiav txim siab txav mus rau 17th pab tub rog mus rau Ednorozhets raws li cov lus txib ntawm Colonel Tarakanov. Txog hnub kawg ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 26, cov chav ntawm 2nd Siberian corps tau mus txog kab ntawm Kuskovo, Bartniki, Zavadki, uas yog, lawv tau dai rau ntawm lub flank thiab hem tom qab ntawm kev txiav thawj 1. vaj tse. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig no tsis raug siv vim tsis muaj kev pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev hais kom ua, pib nrog tus thawj coj tub rog thiab xaus nrog tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog 17th, Colonel Tarakanov.
Tib hnub ntawd, 1st Siberian Corps tau ntes Dobrzhankovo (6 km sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Prasnysh) nrog kev tsaus ntuj hmo ntuj, ntes coob tus neeg raug kaw (txog 2000 tus neeg) thiab 20 phom. Thawj pab tub rog Turkestan tau tawm tsam 36th res. kev faib thiab kev faib ntawm General Vernitsa hauv Zelena, Laguna kev lag luam thiab nce mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm Prasnysh, mus txog Golyany, Dzilin pem hauv ntej thaum yav tsaus ntuj.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 27, tus thawj coj ntawm 2nd Siberian Corps tau txais cov lus qhia los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog txhawm rau txhim kho kev mob siab rau. Tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog tau hais kom ua, raws li Colonel Tarakanov tau xaj kom tawm 2 pab tub rog nrog rab phom loj ntawm Ednorozhets txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab hauv nws qhov kev xav kom thim raws txoj kev Prasnysh, Ednorozhets txoj kev, thiab nrog rau lwm lub zog tam sim txav mus los Charzhast mus rau Lanenta ntawm Horzhelevskoe txoj kev loj, qhov twg los txiav tawm cov yeeb ncuab txoj kev khiav …
Raws li qhov tseeb tias thaum 15 teev sawv ntxov Lub Ob Hlis 27, cov lus qhia los ntawm pab tub rog lub hauv paus chaw hais txog kev ua phem ntawm Prasnysh ua raws, tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg thib 2 Siberian tau muab kev txiav txim ntxiv, uas yog 17 tus tub rog tau ua haujlwm nrog kev nce qib los ntawm Lanenta. rau Olshevets, thiab tag nrho lwm cov koog mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Prasnysh …
Prasnysh qhov kev tawm tsam pib ntawm ntau lub sijhawm. Thaum 15 teev. 30 feeb.chav nyob ntawm 1st Siberian Division (1st Siberian Corps) tsoo mus rau sab hnub tuaj sab hnub tuaj ntawm Prasnysh thiab ntes ntau tus neeg raug kaw. Thaum 10 teev sawv ntxov 4th Siberian Division (2nd Siberian Corps.) Tawm los ntawm sab qaum teb, sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb mus rau Prasnysh thiab tseem ntes cov neeg raug kaw thiab khoom plig (1,500 tus neeg raug kaw thiab 6 phom tshuab). Txog 19 teev ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 27, Prasnysh tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.
Hnub tom ntej, Lub Ob Hlis 28, General Litvinov tshaj tawm cov lus qhia ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog nrhiav tus yeeb ncuab swb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim txom, raws li qhov kev nkag siab ntawm lo lus, tsis tau teeb tsa. Cov pab pawg tub rog uas txuas rau Siberian cov tub rog tsis tau txais cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab, qhov tseeb, tseem nyob hauv qhov thib ob. Qhov no tau tso cai rau cov yeeb ncuab tawg ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias thiab teeb tsa kev tshem tawm kom zoo nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 28, 2nd Siberian corps maj mam nce qib tom qab kev thim rov qab thib 1. Cov tub rog German, 1st Siberian corps tau nce mus raws txoj haujlwm ntawm 1st Turkestan corps, thiab ntawm qee kis, vim li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ntawm cov koog tau muab tawm. Cov tub rog Lavxias, Khimetsa tshem tawm thiab lwm chav nyob tsis ua haujlwm txhua lub sijhawm thiab nyob tom qab. 1st cav. cov neeg tuaj txog lig thiab tsis koom nrog hauv kev nrhiav.
Cov xwm txheej ntxiv tau tsim ntawm no raws li hauv qab no. Cov tub rog German, tau tswj kom tawg tawm ntawm cov pab pawg hauv tebchaws Russia, tau rov qab mus rau Horzhel kom muaj zog ntxiv, uas lawv tau tso tseg. Cov tub rog Lavxias, los txog rau txoj haujlwm no, tau sim tawm tsam lawv, tab sis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tsis muaj kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm, tsis muaj kev npaj phom loj, cov tub rog tau mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam yam tsis tau npaj ua ntej - txhua qhov no tau txiav txim siab ua ntej nws tsis ua tiav.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 7, Cov Neeg German tau rov tawm tsam qhov chaw ntawm 2nd Siberian Corps los ntawm Horzhele mus rau Edinrozhets, Prasnysh thiab thawb cov tub rog Lavxias yuav luag rau Prasnysh. Txhawm rau tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam no, Tub Rog 23 tau raug xa mus. cov tub rog, uas swb rau sab laug ntawm pab pawg ntawm General Galvits thiab rov ua txoj haujlwm. Cov chav German rov thim rov qab mus rau Mlawa thiab Horzhel. Kev sib ntaus ntawm lub hauv ntej no maj mam pib ua rau qhov xwm txheej ntev thiab thaum nruab nrab Lub Peb Hlis tau tuag tag.
* * *
Kev ua haujlwm Prasnysh tau xaus nrog qhov tseeb tias cov neeg German, tau nyob hauv Prasnysh, raug yuam kom muab nws rov qab ob hnub tom qab, poob ntau dua 6,000 tus neeg raug kaw thiab tso 58 rab phom. Cov phiaj xwm ntawm German cov lus txib ua tsis tiav, lawv ua tsis tau yeej rau cov tub rog Lavxias, uas tau mob siab rau hauv Mlavsky cov lus qhia (1st thiab 12th Lavxias pab tub rog), tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yuav tsum thim lawv cov tub rog mus rau txoj haujlwm ruaj khov rau lub xeev ciam teb lawv tus kheej
Kev ua haujlwm Prasnysh tsis ntseeg tau muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau tag nrho cov kev tawm tsam ntawm Lavxias sab qaum teb sab hnub poob. Tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias thib 10 los ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussia thiab kev tuag ntawm 20th caj npab. cov neeg nyob hauv hav zoov Augustow, kev yeej ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias nyob ze Prasnysh rau qee qhov tau pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias nyob rau pem hauv ntej no, thiab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2, 10th, 12th thiab 1st Lavxias pab tub rog tau pib ua phem rau hauv xaj kom thawb cov neeg German rov qab los ntawm kab ntawm Bobra thiab Narew cov dej mus rau qhov txwv ntawm East Prussia. Yog tias peb nco qab tias Ludendorff txoj kev ntshaw thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1915 los tuav ruaj khov rau ntawm Wloclawsk pem hauv ntej, Mlawa yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntej rau nws txoj kev npaj loj los puag ncig cov tub rog Lavxias hauv tebchaws Poland, tom qab ntawd qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Prasnysh kev ua haujlwm tau meej dua, txij li tom qab swb ntawm Prasnysh txoj haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog German ntawm kab no tsis tuaj yeem raug hu ua khoom khov. Yog li, kev ua tiav ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias hauv kev ua haujlwm no, nrog rau lwm yam, ua rau German txoj kev npaj rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1915.
Txheeb xyuas qhov kev ua ntawm ob tog, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov tub rog Lavxias tau tawm tsam ua siab tawv, khov kho, txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem nyuaj heev. Cov koog ua haujlwm nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Zayonchkovsky sau tseg qhov raug hais tias "… ib qho tseeb qhov tseeb tuaj yeem sau tseg hauv kev ua ntawm pab pawg sab hnub poob ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias - qhov no yog ntau thiab ntau ntxiv rau hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kheej tus thawj coj los teb rau lub tshuab nrog kev tawm tsam. Prasnysh kev ua haujlwm yog ib qho piv txwv zoo hauv qhov no "{10}.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev hais kom ua siab ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog nyob ntawm sab laug, thaum qhov xwm txheej xav tau kev tawm tsam ntawm sab xis. Thaum txiav txim siab tawm tsam ntawm sab laug, tus thawj coj ntawm 1st Lavxias pab tub rog tsis muab nws sab xis, vim qhov uas Prasnysh raug ntes los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm 1st thiab 12th cov tub rog Lavxias, thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm 1st thiab 2nd Siberian corps: lawv tau tuav lub luj tshib sib txuas nrog ib leeg, uas tsis yog qhov xav tau hauv qhov xwm txheej no. Kev txawj ntse tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg Lavxias yuav tsum tau sau tseg. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov yeeb ncuab tshuab rau Prasnysh tsis tau xav txog. Tab sis kev saib xyuas tau teeb tsa tshwj xeeb tsis zoo thaum lub thib ob thiab thib 1 Siberian corps tau mus txog Prasnysh. Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias cov tub rog Lavxias muaj tub rog coob heev, ob lub tub rog tau mus yam tsis muaj kev saib xyuas tub rog.
Kev nrhiav tus yeeb ncuab rov qab yog qhov tsis zoo ua ke. Cov tub rog Lavxias, raws li txoj cai, tsis ua haujlwm.
Tus thawj coj ntawm 2nd Siberian Corps kuj tau ua qhov tsis raug, leej twg, tau txais cov lus qhia los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog kom caum cov yeeb ncuab thiab ntim nws los ntawm sab qaum teb, xa tsuas yog ib pab tub rog hla dhau, uas pom meej tsis txaus hauv qhov xwm txheej no. Tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog no, Colonel Tarakanov, hloov pauv kom tob dua thiab nrawm dua hla cov yeeb ncuab rov qab, tau tos txhua hnub thaum Lub Ob Hlis 27 hauv lub zos Vulka (1 km sab qaum teb ntawm Charzhast), thaum cov yeeb ncuab twb raug tsoo tawm ntawm Prasnysh thiab tau tawm mus, uas tau pab txhawb kev sib cais ntawm cov tub rog German los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias.
Raws li rau cov tub rog German, ntawm no nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg qhov tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb yog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Ua kom tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab, cov neeg German tib lub sijhawm tau ua haujlwm Prasnysh nrog lub zog tsis txaus. Paub zoo txog txoj hauv kev mus rau Prasnysh ntawm 1st thiab 2nd Siberian corps, lawv cia siab tias yuav npaj ua ntej cov neeg Lavxias, hla txoj cai sab xis ntawm 1st Turkestan corps, tab sis lawv ua yuam kev hauv lawv cov kev suav.
