Phom phom tua tus kheej "Condenser-2P" (ntsuas 2A3, USSR)

Phom phom tua tus kheej "Condenser-2P" (ntsuas 2A3, USSR)
Phom phom tua tus kheej "Condenser-2P" (ntsuas 2A3, USSR)

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Phom phom tua tus kheej "Condenser-2P", ntsuas GRAU 2A3-lub zog hnyav rau tus kheej uas hnyav 64 tons, muaj peev xwm xa 570 kg projectile ntawm qhov nrug ntawm 25.6 kilometers. Nws tsis yog khoom tsim, tsuas yog ua 4 rab phom. Cov phom tua tus kheej tau xub xub tshwm ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Red Square xyoo 1957. Cov yeeb yam ACS tau ua rau cov neeg saib sab hauv thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm txawv teb chaws. Qee tus kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws tau hais tias cov tsheb uas qhia thaum lub sijhawm kev tawm tsam yog cuav, tsim los rau kev ua phem ntawm kev hem, tab sis qhov tseeb nws yog lub foob pob tiag tiag ntawm 406-mm caliber, tua ntawm qhov chaw kawm.

Kev tsim phom 406-hli tus kheej-propelled phom ntawm lub zog tshwj xeeb hauv USSR tau pib xyoo 1954. Qhov rab phom tua tus kheej no tau npaj los rhuav tshem kev lag luam loj thiab ua tub rog lub hom phiaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nrog cov foob pob hluav taws thiab cov foob pob hluav taws uas nyob deb ntawm ntau dua 25 kilometers. Tsuas yog hauv rooj plaub, USSR tau pib tsim 3 lub foob pob hluav taws loj tshaj plaws: rab phom, phom thiab phom rov tuaj, nrog cov ntsuas ntsuas tseem ceeb tshaj li cov phom loj uas twb muaj lawm. Lub peev xwm loj xaiv tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm Soviet cov kws tshawb fawb nuclear los tsim cov mos txwv me me. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov kev zais cia, lub foob pob hluav taws tau muab lub npe "Condenser-2P" (khoom 271), tsuas yog tom qab rab phom tau txais nws qhov ntsuas tiag 2A3. Cov phom tua tus kheej tau tsim los ua ke nrog 420-mm tus kheej-propelled mortar 2B1 "Oka" (kwv yees 273), raws li tsab cai lij choj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj tau tshaj tawm hnub tim 1955-18-04.

Cov phom loj ib feem ntawm ACS (kev taw qhia thiab kev siv tshuab, ntu viav vias) tau tsim los ntawm TsKB-34 nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm I. Ivanov, ntawm no nws tau muab rau SM-54 qhov ntsuas. Lub hom phiaj ntawm rab phom tau ua tiav los ntawm kev xa tag nrho ACS, thaum lub hom phiaj tau ua tiav tau siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb los ntawm txoj kev tig. Kev taw qhia ntsug ntawm rab phom tau ua tiav siv lub tshuab nqa hydraulic, qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile yog 570 kg., Kev tua ntau yog 25.6 km.

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Vim qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj lub chassis haum rau kev teeb tsa cov riam phom loj hauv USSR, OKBT ntawm Leningrad cog npe tom qab Kirov rau ACS 2A3 "Condenser-2P" raws lub hauv paus ntawm kev sibtham, qhov chaw, kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev siv lub nra hnyav ntawm lub tank hnyav T-10M (yam khoom 272), tau tsim lub yim yim-yob qis hauv qab, uas tau txais lub npe "khoom" 271 "ib. Thaum tsim cov chassis no, cov neeg tsim khoom tau tsom mus rau qhov xav tau kom pom lub zog thim rov qab loj thaum tua phom. Lub chassis tsim los ntawm lawv muaj sloths nqes thiab hydraulic poob siab absorbers, uas tau xav tias yuav ua rau qee qhov txo qis lub zog rov qab los. Lub zog hluav taws xob rau ACS no tau qiv los ntawm T-10 lub tank hnyav, ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv.

Xyoo 1955, ntawm tsob ntoo No. 221, ua haujlwm tiav ntawm kev tsim 406-mm sim phom loj SM-E124, uas tau txhaj tshuaj rau SM-54 phom. Thaum Lub Yim Hli ntawm tib lub xyoo, thawj lub cuab yeej siv phom loj ntawm SM-54 tau npaj rau ntawm tsob ntoo. Nws kev teeb tsa ntawm lub chassis ntawm Kirov cog tau ua tiav thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 26, 1956. Kev sim ntawm ACS "Condenser-2P" tau ua los ntawm xyoo 1957 txog 1959 ntawm Central Artillery Range ze Leningrad, tseem hu ua "Rzhevsky Range". Cov kev ntsuas tau ua tiav nrog rau 420-mm tus kheej-propelled mortar 2B1 "Oka". Ua ntej rau cov kev sim no, ntau tus kws tshaj lij tau tsis ntseeg tias qhov rab phom uas siv los ntawm tus kheej no tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yam tsis tau puas tsuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, 406-mm rab phom tua tus kheej 2A3 "Condenser-2P" tau ua tiav qhov kev xeem dhau los thiab taug kev.

Hauv thawj theem, ACS cov kev ntsuas tau nrog los ntawm ntau qhov kev puas tsuaj. Yog li, thaum raug rho tawm, lub zog rov qab los ntawm rab phom SM-54 tau teeb tsa rau ntawm rab phom tua tus kheej yog zoo li rab phom tua tus kheej rau ntawm kab ntsig kab rov qab los ntau meters. Thaum lub sijhawm tua thawj zaug siv cov simulators ntawm nuclear projectiles, sloths tau raug puas ntsoog hauv cov phom tua tus kheej, uas tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus lub zog loj heev ntawm cov riam phom no. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, cov xwm txheej tau sau tseg nrog kev sib tsoo ntawm cov cuab yeej teeb tsa, kev tawg los ntawm cov iav txuas.

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Tom qab txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, cov kws ua haujlwm tau ua tib zoo tshawb xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv, txheeb xyuas qhov tsis muaj zog thiab cov txheej txheem, thiab tuaj nrog cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab kom tshem tawm lawv. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev nqis tes ua, kev tsim qauv ntawm ACS tau txhim kho tas li, kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev teeb tsa tau nce ntxiv. Cov kev sim no tseem qhia txog kev ua haujlwm qis thiab muaj peev xwm hla tebchaws ntawm ACS. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis muaj peev xwm kov yeej txhua qhov ua tsis tau pom. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom tua tau rab phom tag; thaum raug rho tawm, rab phom tau txav rov qab ob peb metres. Kab rov tav txoj kev taw qhia kuj tsis txaus. Vim nws qhov hnyav thiab cov yam ntxwv loj (hnyav txog 64 tons, ntev nrog rab phom - 20 meters), nws siv sijhawm ntau los npaj cov haujlwm ntawm ACS 2A3 "Condenser -2P". Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tua phom yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom pom tseeb, tab sis tseem yuav tsum ua tib zoo npaj ntawm txoj haujlwm rab phom loj. Txhawm rau thauj rab phom, siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, thaum thauj khoom tau nqa tawm tsuas yog hauv txoj haujlwm kab rov tav.

Tag nrho ntawm 4 daim ntawv ntawm 406-mm tus kheej rab phom "Condenser-2P" tau ua, txhua yam tau tshwm sim xyoo 1957 thaum lub caij ua yeeb yam ntawm Red Square. Txawm hais tias tsis ntseeg ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog txawv teb chaws cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm, kev teeb tsa tau ua tub rog, txawm hais tias nws muaj tus lej tseem ceeb tsis zoo. Kev txav mus los ntawm cov phom loj ua rau ntau qhov xav tau, nws tsis tuaj yeem hla txoj kev ntawm cov nroog me, hauv qab choj, hla lub teb chaws tus choj, nyob hauv kab hluav taws xob. Raws li cov kev ntsuas no thiab raws li nws qhov kev tua ntau, nws tsis tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cov phiaj xwm sib faib phom "Luna", yog li ntawd, ACS 2A3 "Condenser-2P" yeej tsis tau koom nrog pab tub rog.

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