Knights ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj (ntu 4)

Knights ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj (ntu 4)
Knights ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj (ntu 4)

Video: Knights ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj (ntu 4)

Video: Knights ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj (ntu 4)
Video: Xov Xwm Kub 23/2/2023 Lavxias Thiab Yuskhees Sib Tua Ceev Kawg, Teb Chaws Rusia Raug Putin Nrhuav 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Kuv txiv hais rau kuv - thiab kuv ntseeg kuv txiv:

Qhov kawg yuav tsum phim qhov kawg.

Cia muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm ib leeg!

Cia muaj tag nrho cov zaub los ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes cuam tshuam!

Ua neej nyob zoo li no, menyuam yaus, hauv ntiaj teb kev txhaum, Tsuav muaj khob cij thiab cawv rau ntawm lub rooj!

("Tus neeg sab nrauv" los ntawm Rudyard Kipling)

Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog thiab riam phom ntawm cov tub rog Turkish, txhua qhov xwm txheej no, nyob deb heev ntawm Tebchaws Ottoman, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Lub caj qaum ntawm cov tub rog Turkish, ob qho tib si nyob rau xyoo 16th thiab 17th, txuas ntxiv ua los ntawm chaebels (uas yog, "lub plhaub"), muaj riam phom nrog sabers, maces, taub hau, thiab hmuv lub teeb. Sipahs thiab Timariots (cov neeg tuav cov av tau tso cai ua tub rog), zoo li ua ntej, tau mus sib ntaus sib tua, raug kaw nyob rau hauv cov saw xa ntawv thiab bakhters. Los ntawm kev ua phem riam phom, lawv tseem siv hneev thiab xib xub. Daim iav tau ntau dua thiab ntau dua tso rau ntawm cov saw xa ntawv (cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nrog ib daim thooj forged daim hlau ntawm lub hauv siab thiab sab nraub qaum, ci rau daim iav ci), uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li raug hu nyob hauv Russia. Lub kaus mom hlau Turkish kulakh maj mam hloov pauv mus rau Lavxias shishak, uas yuav luag txhua tus neeg ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Europe maj mam pib siv. Cov hlau bracers ntawm elwana rau sab xis tig los ua qhov yooj yim heev, uas tau npog tag nrho sab xub ntiag sab xis (sab laug thiab txhais tes tau tiv thaiv los ntawm daim ntaub thaiv). Nees tau hnav tsho tiv thaiv ntev heev thiab hauv daim ntawv no tau siv hauv kev ua tsov rog txawm tias pib thaum xyoo pua 18th. Qhov kawg tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, txij li cov cuab yeej nees nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, suav nrog Qaib ntxhw, ib txwm muaj qhov sib zog ntau dua li nyob rau sab hnub poob. Tus neeg caij tsheb zaum ntawm tus nees uas muaj phom, tau kawg, yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv nws tus kheej ob txhais ceg, yog li khau looj plab hlaub ua los ntawm cov hlau hlau, txuas nrog los ntawm cov saw xa ntawv, ntxiv nws cov riam phom. Lawv kuj tau siv hauv Russia, qhov uas lawv hu ua buturlyks.

Knights ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj (ntu 4)
Knights ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj (ntu 4)

Ntaj thiab saber ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad. Tsev khaws puav pheej Topkapi, Istanbul.

Cov neeg caij luv dua thiab ua siab tawv dua Delhi (txhais los ntawm Turkish "muaj") feem ntau tau txais hauv Asia. Delhi tau yooj yim rau lawv tus kheej caj npab, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem hnav yushman's phaj-saw cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, lub teeb Misyurk lub kaus mom hlau, thiab lub luj tshib npog nrog daim thaiv. Cov tub rog caij dav hlau hauv Delhi tsis yog siv riam phom txias xwb, tabsis kuj tseem siv phom thiab yog cov neeg European nyiam heev.

Hauv Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Poob, tus muaj hwjchim loj dua tus kav, nws muaj tus chij ntau dua, tus nplaim ntev ntawm nws rab hmuv thiab … lub tsheb ciav hlau ntawm nws pojniam hnav khaub ncaws. Hauv tebchaws Ottoman, peb pom yuav luag txhua yam zoo ib yam, thiab tseem muaj lub hauv paus meej meej ntawm cov chij thiab cov cim. Lub cim ntawm tus thawj coj yog alem, nrov npe hu ua "ntshav chij", uas zoo li daim ntaub ntawm cov xim liab, 4-5 m ntev thiab 3 m dav, tapering downward. Sanjak, tus chij ntawm tus tswv xeev ntawm lub xeev, tau me me me me thiab tsis zoo nkauj heev. Bayrak yog tus chij ntawm lub teeb cavalry ntawm Delhi. Feem ntau nws yog daim duab peb sab thiab tau ua los ntawm daim ntaub liab lossis daj; cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sau tau muab txua los ntawm liab lossis dawb zoo thiab xaws rau ntawm daim ntaub, zoo li Ali txhais tes ua pauj kua zaub ntsuab thiab Zulfiqar ntaj.

Duab
Duab

Cov cim Turkish …

Tug (lossis bunchuk) yog lub npe ntawm tus nees tus nees, tsau rau ntawm lub tog raj kheej, hollow sab hauv thiab yog li ntawd lub teeb pom kev txawv txawv ua los ntawm cov ntoo mos muag; cov neeg ua haujlwm tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov paj ntoo zoo nkauj. Qhov kawg ntawm tus ncej feem ntau xaus nrog lub pob hlau, thiab qee zaum nrog lub crescent. Hauv qab no tau txuas qhov yooj yim lossis braided ponytail, pleev xim rau xiav, liab thiab dub. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw uas tus Tsov tus tw tau txuas, tus ncej tau npog nrog daim ntaub ua los ntawm nees thiab ntxhuav plaub hau. Cov plaub hau kuj tau pleev xim rau ntau yam xim, qee zaum hauv cov qauv zoo nkauj heev.

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Duab

Mamluk sabers XIV - XVI centuries Tsev khaws puav pheej Topkapi, Istanbul.

Tus naj npawb ntawm ponytails ntawm bunchuk tsuas yog lub cim ntawm qeb duas. Peb ponytails muaj pashas nyob rau hauv qib ntawm vizier, ob lub tails - tus tswv xeev, ib tus - muaj sanjakbeg (piv txwv li, tus tswv xeev ntawm sanjak). Bunchuks tau hnav los ntawm silikhdars (squires), leej twg hauv qhov no tau hu ua tugdzhi.

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Duab

Sabli-kilich los ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Topkapi hauv Istanbul.

Cov hniav ntawm Turkish sabers tau xub xub nkhaus me ntsis (XI xyoo pua), tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv tau txais qhov nkhaus, feem ntau ntau dhau. Nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, Turkish saber tau tuav zoo yam tsis muaj pommel, uas nyob rau xyoo pua 17th tau txais cov duab ntawm lub plhaub curl, uas yog qhov paub zoo hnub no.

Ntxiv rau Turkish sabers nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, sabers los ntawm Persia tau nrov heev - lawv tau sib zog thiab nkhaus nkhaus hauv qhov thib peb kawg ntawm cov hniav. Feem ntau lawv twb yog neeg Turkish, tab sis luv dua. Pom tseeb, Turkish saber tseem tsis tuaj yeem tsoo cov phaj hnyav ntawm tsom iav thiab yushmans, tab sis lub teeb Persian saber tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg ruaj khov rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj hauv kev sib ntaus nrog cov tsis muaj zog.

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Duab

Scimitars los ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Topkapi hauv Istanbul.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, scimitar tau kis mus rau hauv thaj av Turkish -Arab - cov hniav luv luv, feem ntau muaj qhov rov qab nkhaus ntawm cov hniav thiab tsis muaj tus ntoo khaub lig, tab sis nrog ob tus yam ntxwv protrusions ("pob ntseg") nyob tom qab ntawm tus tes. Cov Turks hu ua qhov tsis muaj zog nkhaus tuaj yeem nyab xeeb, thiab muaj zog nkhaus tuaj - kilich. Cov Turks, zoo li lwm haiv neeg sab hnub tuaj, zoo siab rau qhov pom kev ntawm rab hmuv, yog li ntawd lawv tau ua los ntawm cov xyoob ntoo los yog siv lawv los ntawm sab hauv. Qhov khoom plig hmuv yog lub cim ntawm Sultan qhov tshwj xeeb nyiam thiab tau suav tias yog khoom plig muaj txiaj ntsig. Noble Turks thiab Arabs dai kom zoo nkauj hmuv nrog cov hlua kub thiab tassels, thiab txawm nqa ib rooj plaub ntawm lawv cov hmuv uas tuaj yeem tuav Kaulees me me.

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Duab

Cavalry ntawm Egyptian Mamluks 1300-1350 Txhuv. Angus McBride.

Cov yeeb ncuab tau ntxub thiab … ntau zaus ntau dua li lawv tau ua los ntawm lawv - qhov no yog qhov kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab hnub poob uas tsis tau khiav tawm thaum tsov rog tawm tsam Turks. Rau zaum thib ob txij li Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, nws tau them khoom plig rau cov koomhaum tub rog siab dua ntawm nws cov neeg sab hnub tuaj. Qhov kev zam rau txhua yam Turkish thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th tau mus txog lub ntsiab lus uas nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, piv txwv li, ua raws li kev cai Turkish, lawv tau pib pleev xim rau cov plaub hau ntawm cov nees liab thiab yuav luag txhua qhov chaw qiv qev Turkish.

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Duab

Ntaj (hauv qab), saber (sab laug) thiab konchar (sab xis) ntawm Sultan Mehmed Tus Tsov Rog Thib Ob Tsev khaws puav pheej Topkapi, Istanbul.

Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv qhov tshwj xeeb, ntxiv rau cov cuab yeej nws tus kheej, yog tias lawv muaj sab laug txuas rau rab phom ntawm rab ntaj konchar, uas yog li tsis tau hais txog kev sib tw ntawm tus neeg caij tsheb, tab sis rau kev sib tw ntawm tus nees ! Cov neeg sib tw Turkish kuj zoo li txawv heev rau cov neeg European. Qhov tseeb yog tias tsis yog Arabs lossis Turks, raws li txoj cai, tsis hnav spurs, tab sis hloov chaw siv cov dav dav sib sib zog nqus, lub ces kaum sab hauv uas lawv nias ntawm ob sab ntawm tus nees.

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Cov tub rog Turkish ntawm xyoo pua 17th. Hauv keeb kwm yav dhau yog Tatar lub teeb nees caij. Txhuv. Angus McBride

Txawm hais tias tau nce qib hauv cov cuab yeej siv tub rog, Lub Tebchaws Ottoman tau poob qis.

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Turkish flintlocks ntawm 18th - 19th centuries Tsev khaws puav pheej Topkapi, Istanbul.

Kev poob qis ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv av thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, ib yam li hauv Tebchaws Europe, ua rau txo tus lej thiab poob qis hauv kev ua haujlwm sib ntaus ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj ntawm Sipahi. Nyob rau hauv lem, qhov no yuam ntau thiab ntau ntxiv los ua kom cov tub rog tsis tu ncua thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov koom haum janissary. Xyoo 1595, 26 txhiab tau sau tseg hauv Janissaries cov npe, tom qab tsuas yog peb xyoos - 35 txhiab tus neeg, thiab nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th twb muaj 50 txhiab lawm! Tsoomfwv tau siv nyiaj tsis tu ncua los them nyiaj pab txhawb rau cov tub rog coob, thiab Janissaries tau tig mus rau cov nyiaj tau los - khoom siv tes ua thiab kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv ib qho twg, lawv tau sim zam kev koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam, tab sis tawm tsam ntau qhov kev sim los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm kom tsawg kawg qee qhov txwv lawv txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Tsuas yog xyoo 1617-1623, vim yog Janissary riots, plaub tus sultans tau hloov ntawm lub zwm txwv.

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Saber ntawm Sultan Mehmed Tus Tsov Rog Thib Ob. Tsev khaws puav pheej Topkapi, Istanbul.

Cov xwm txheej zoo li no tau ua rau cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig sau txog Janissaries, tias "lawv muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai thaum muaj kev thaj yeeb zoo li tsis muaj zog hauv kev ua rog." Kev swb ntawm Turks ze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Vienna hauv 1683 qhia meej meej tias kev poob ntawm kev ua tub rog lub zog ntawm tebchaws Ottoman tsis tuaj yeem tso tseg ntxiv los ntawm Sipahian phaj cavalry lossis Janissary corps * nrog rab phom. Qhov no xav tau qee yam ntxiv, uas yog, kev tso tseg ntawm cov txheej txheem kev lag luam qub thiab hloov mus rau kev tsim khoom lag luam loj. Hauv Sab Hnub Poob, qhov kev hloov pauv no tau tshwm sim. Cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, tau ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv riam phom, los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th tso tseg lat. Tab sis nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, qhov uas cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nws tus kheej hnyav dua, cov txheej txheem no tau nthuav tawm rau ntau pua xyoo! Ntawm txoj kev no, Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Sab Hnub Poob tsis yog tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm riam phom …

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Duab

Xyoo 1958, Georgia-Zaj duab xis studio tua Mamluk cov yeeb yaj kiab hais txog txoj hmoo ntawm ob tug tub Georgia uas tub sab nyiag los ntawm cov tub luam qhev thiab thaum kawg raug tua nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus. Cov xwm txheej sib ntaus sib tua loj tau teeb tsa "yog li ntawd" (txawm hais tias cov phom rov qab los tom qab txhaj tshuaj!) Otar Koberidze ua Mamluk Mahmud.

* Cov keeb kwm ntawm Janissaries xaus rau xyoo 1826, thaum hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 15, lawv tau tawm tsam ib zaug ntxiv, sim tawm tsam tawm tsam lub hom phiaj ntawm Sultan Mahmud II los tsim cov tub rog ruaj khov tshiab. Hauv kev teb rau kev hu xov tooj - hais tawm hauv kev tiv thaiv kev ntseeg thiab Sultan tawm tsam cov neeg ua phem -janissaries - feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog tau hais tawm. Tus mufti (tus thawj pov thawj) tshaj tawm txoj kev tua neeg ntawm cov neeg saib tsis taus ua vajtswv ntuj, thiab tuag hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lawv - ua rau kev ntseeg. Cannons tsoo lub barracks ntawm Janissaries, tom qab uas cov tub rog ncaj ncees rau Sultan thiab cov tub rog hauv nroog tau pib tua cov neeg ntxeev siab. Cov Janissaries uas muaj txoj sia nyob hauv kev tua neeg pov tseg tam sim ntawd raug txim, tom qab ntawd lawv txhua tus raug tua, thiab lawv lub cev raug pov rau hauv Hiav Txwv Marmara. Cov janissaries 'cauldrons, uas ua rau cov neeg Khixatia ntshai thiab hwm rau cov neeg ncaj ncees, tau nrov nrog cov av nkos, cov chij tau tawg sib nrug thiab ua rau hauv av. Tsis yog tsuas yog lub tsev pheeb suab raug rhuav tshem, tab sis txawm tias lub tsev teev ntuj janissaries 'lub tsev kas fes lawv feem ntau tuaj xyuas. Txawm tias cov pob zeb zeb tombstones tau tawg, ua yuam kev rau janissaries vim tias muaj lub kaus mom zoo li tau piav qhia rau lawv, zoo ib yam li lub tes tsho dav ntawm lub tsho tshaj sab ntawm Bektash. Sultan txawm txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm lo lus "janissary" nrov nrov, yog li nws yog qhov nws ntxub rau yav dhau los "cov tub rog tshiab" no.

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