Hauv peb lub sijhawm TV thiab "xov xwm hais txog", kev maj nrawm thiab vim li ntawd, lub siab xav tau txhua yam kom sai li sai tau, suav nrog kev paub, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias ntau tus neeg feem ntau tsis paub yam pib thiab nug tas li: "Qhov no paub qhov twg?" Nws paub li cas tias Etruscans tsis yog Lavxias, vim tias cov lus zoo sib xws, qhov twg nws thiaj paub tias nyob hauv ib puag ncig thiab ib puas xyoo cov tub rog Roman hnav rab riam, tab sis nyob rau hauv thiab ib puas xyoo lawv tsis ua, uas Loos tsis siv hneev nti thiab swb, tab sis siv dav siv cov tub rog uas tseem siv qhov ntawd, thiab lwm tus, thiab lwm yam thiab lwm yam … Lub sijhawm ntawd, muaj cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg, tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm thiab, hais, xws li keeb kwm keeb kwm zoo ntawm Roman keeb kwm raws li Trajan's Column.
Ntawm no nws yog - "Square Colosseum"
Hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm VO nplooj ntawv "Tsis txhob ntseeg koj lub qhov muag lossis kem ntawm Emperor Trajan raws li keeb kwm kev ntseeg tau" (https://topwar.ru/73172-.html) lub monument no tau raug txiav txim siab lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, lub ncauj lus no tau nthuav heev uas nws ua rau nkag siab, tsis tas yuav rov ua nws tus kheej, kom rov qab mus rau nws dua, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Thiab peb yuav tsum tau pib … nrog kev xav hauv ib qho ntawm cov lus los khaws cia lub monument no nthuav tshaj plaws. Nov yog qhov tau sau nyob ntawd: nyiaj 169 "Xws li qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, piv txwv keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm Roman lig yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv lub tsev pavilion kaw. Cia peb rov qab hnov dab tsi tshwm sim rau lub ntiaj teb nto moo los ntawm Michelangelo "David", uas nyob hauv qab ntuj qhib tau ntev thiab raug kev txom nyem ntau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm huab cua nag thiab huab cua. Thaum kawg, cov duab puab raug yuam kom txav mus rau sab hauv Florentine Academy of Fine Arts. Tab sis qhov no tau tshwm sim rov qab rau xyoo 1873. Hauv peb lub sijhawm, nag lossis daus yog cov kua qaub uas ua kom puas marble. Nws yog kev txaj muag yog tias xov ntawm Troyan kab ntawv tuag. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no yog keeb kwm cuab yeej cuab tam tsis yog ntawm Ltalis, tab sis ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb kev coj noj coj ua."
Thaum pib, kab ntawv tsis xav kom dawb. Nws cov duab yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau xim sib txawv, thiab nws cov cim yuav tsum muaj riam phom tooj liab me me nyob hauv lawv txhais tes!
Nov yog qhov nws yuav tsum tau saib hauv qhov qub!
Zoo heev, tsis yog? Tab sis … tshem tawm cov kem thiab thauj nws mus rau qhov twg, lossis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, zais nws hauv cov iav-rooj plaub … Tau kawg, teeb meem nrog nws kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau daws sai sai. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg Italians tseem tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsawg kawg luam ntawm txhua qhov zoo nkauj hauv qab pob zeb yuav raug khaws hauv qab lub ru tsev thiab yuav tsis raug rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm huab cua hauv txhua txoj kev. Yog li tam sim no, yog tias koj pom koj tus kheej hauv Rome thiab xav ua tib zoo saib txhua yam ntawm nws qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo, koj tsis xav tau lub tsom iav lossis lub quadcopter. Koj tuaj yeem zaum hauv tsheb tavxij thiab hais tias: "Exposition Universale Romana" thiab koj yuav raug coj mus rau ntawd, vim nws tsuas yog 20 feeb los ntawm Rome. Muaj koj yuav pom tam sim ntawd lub tsev ntawm cov qauv zoo heev. Zoo ib yam li Colosseum, tab sis dawb thiab cubic zoo! Nws tau tsim los ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm Benito Mussolini ua lub tsev pavilion rau xyoo 1942 kev nthuav qhia ntiaj teb, thiab kom tsim nyog ua kev zoo siab rau nees nkaum xyoo ua kev zoo siab uas nws tau tsim thiab pib ntawm Fascist era. Vim yog kev ua tsov rog, kev nthuav tawm yeej tsis tau tshwm sim, thiab Mussolini nws tus kheej tau raug rhuav tshem xyoo 1943. Thiab qhov no "palace of fascism", Colosseo Quadrato lossis Square Colosseum, tau hloov mus rau hauv Palace ntawm Italian Civilization (Palazzo della Civilta Italiana). Zoo li Colosseum, nws lub ntsej muag suav nrog loggias tau teeb tsa hauv rau kab ntawm cuaj arches txhua. Cov neeg Italians paub tseeb tias txhua qhov no sib npaug nrog tus lej ntawm lub npe "Benito", thiab, raws li lub npe "Mussolini".
Cov ntawv sau rau ntawm tus taw rooj.
Tag nrho lub palace yog npog nrog marble. Nws lub hauv paus nyob ntawm 8,400 square metres, thiab tag nrho ntim ntawm lub tsev yog 205,000 cubic meters nrog qhov siab ntawm 68 meters. Cov duab puab ntawm Dioscuri tau teeb tsa hauv plaub fab. Zoo, zoo li Trajan Cov Kab Ntawv, tam sim no lub tsev no txuas nrog nws hauv txoj hauv kev uas tsis muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws: nws muaj cov plua plav pov tseg ntawm tag nrho nws cov pob zeb hauv qab, tab sis muaj qhov nthuav tawm "plaster panel" 190 meters ntev. Txhua qhov cam khwb cia tau tsim los siv cov qib vixinth, yog li ntawd, daim ntawv theej ntawm txhua qhov nyem ntawm kab ntawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv uas lawv niaj hnub no, uas yog, nrog rau txhua qhov puas tsuaj uas twb muaj lawm. Thiab, tau kawg, qhov no tau ua tiav ntau dua lub sijhawm, txij li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kem tsis zoo tas mus li - cov pa tso tawm hauv lub tsheb ua rau puas tsuaj rau nws. Nws tau raug pov thawj tias dhau 50 xyoo dhau los nws tau ua phem ntau dua li txhua xyoo 1850 xyoo dhau los. Ib qho ntxiv, nws pib maj mam txav los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm ntsug, thiab txog tam sim no tsis muaj leej twg paub yuav ua li cas nrog qhov no. Ntxiv mus, nws nyuaj heev los kho nws. Tom qab tag nrho, kem tau tsim los yam tsis siv kev sib txuas ua ke. Txhua qhov nws txuas tau txuas nrog hlau lossis tooj liab clamps, thiab cov ntawd, nyob rau hauv, tau ntim nrog cov hlau lead, tab sis cov clamps lawv tus kheej nyob hauv qhov tuab ntawm cov thaiv.
Cov kem sawv ntawm ib lub plag-pedestal, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab piav qhia txog Dacian cov khoom plig. Thiab ntawm no yog qhov nws hais: "SENATVS POPVLVSQVE ROMANVS IMP. CAESARI DIVI NERVAE F. NERVAE TRAIANO AVG. GERM. DACICO PONTIF. MAXIMO TRIB. POT. XVII IMP. VI COS VI PP AD DECLTAANDE ALITV" cov neeg Roman [txhim kho kab ntawv no] Emperor Caesar Nerve Trajan Augustus, tus tub ntawm Nerva los saum ntuj los, Germanic, Dacian, Pontiff Great, tau txais lub zog ntawm cov khoom plig rau tib neeg rau lub sijhawm 17th, Emperor rau lub sijhawm thib 6, Consul yog lub sij hawm thib 6. Mus rau Leej Txiv ntawm Leej Txiv kom nws thiaj pom tau tias lub roob siab npaum li cas tau khawb los ua txoj hauv kev rau tsim cov phiaj xwm tseem ceeb no. " Nws tau paub tias kev dag hauv marble tsis ua tiav, yog li cov neeg uas rhuav tshem lub hauv paus txog qhov qub ntawm cov khoom pov tseg no tsis xav tau txhawj xeeb - nug nws cov qub qub yog tib yam li ua xyem xyav tias Hnub Tshav Ntuj nyob Sab Hnub Tuaj.
Staircase coj mus rau sab hauv ntawm kab.
Nws tau paub tias muaj kev tsov rog ob zaug nrog Dacians: 101 - 102 xyoo. AD; 105 - 106 BC AD Tsov rog zaum kawg tau xaus nrog kev koom nrog Dacia rau Roman Empire. Zoo, tam sim no peb tig mus rau qhov tseem ceeb: peb tuaj yeem pom dab tsi ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Trajan kab ntawv, yog tias peb ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas lawv yuav luag zoo.
Yog li, cov neeg Loos muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv: tsuas muaj peb leeg xwb. Roman legionnaires tau hnav khaub ncaws hnav hauv lorica segmentata phaj ua los ntawm cov hlau nkhaus thiab sib tshooj ua ke; auxilaria (pab tub rog pabcuam) hnav lorica hamata saw xa ntawv; zoo, ntawm cov neeg hneev taw, ntau yam nyob hauv cov ris tsho tiv thaiv lorica scuamata.
Nov yog chav nyob zoo li cas nrog cov ntawv luam ntawm kab lus hauv qab-nyem.
Cov nyem ntawm Trajan kab ntawv pov thawj txaus ntseeg tias cov tub rog sab hnub tuaj tuaj yeem hnav ntau hom cuab yeej ua rog ib zaug. Dhau ntawm lawv cov ris ntev, nqes mus rau pob taws, lawv tuaj yeem hnav lub tsho xa ntawv nrog lub tes tsho luv ntawm "Lorika Hamata" hom, thiab lub plhaub ua los ntawm cov nplai hlau ntawm "Lorica Skumata" hom haum rau ib leeg. Raws li Michael Simkins, qhov tau txais txiaj ntsig tseem tau muab rau saw xa ntawv, vim nws yooj yim dua hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab txwv tsis pub txav mus los ntawm cov neeg tua neeg sab hnub tuaj, txawm hais tias cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tau zoo dua cov saw xa hauv lub zog. Zoo, yog li ntawd tsis muaj cov nplai hlau lossis cov nplhaib rub lawv lub caj dab, cov tub rog feem ntau khi nws nrog phuam qhwv caj dab.
Legionnaires ntawm lub Peb Hlis.
Cov peev txheej Epigraphic qhia tias feem ntau ntawm cov koom haum pabcuam sab hnub tuaj uas tawm tsam hauv Moesia thiab Dacia suav nrog qhov tseeb ntawm cov hneev taw uas muaj riam phom sib xyaw. Thaum thawj ob ib puas xyoo ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab, lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv pab tub rog Roman tau nce txhua lub sijhawm thiab mus txog qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 3. AD Yog li tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm Huns thiab Goths tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog nws. Cov hneev taw los ntawm Palmyra tau raug tshwj xeeb. Lawv muaj cov hneev taw zoo heev, tus yam ntxwv tsuas yog rau cov neeg sab hnub tuaj, hneev, sib txawv ntawm txhua lwm tus hauv lawv qhov kev sib ntaus zoo.
Cov neeg tua hneev tua Syrian thiab cov Germanic slingers.
Yuav luag txhua tus kws tshaj lij uas kawm txog kev tshawb fawb tub rog ntawm Ancient Rome nco txog ob lub zog thiab tseem muaj ntau yam ntawm hom riam phom no. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau tua los ntawm nws ya 150-200 m, thiab lub teeb ib zaug ob zaug kom deb li deb. Tus hneev taw no tau txiav txim siab luv dua li rab phom ntev lus Askiv. Nws tau ua los ntawm ntoo, thiab kom muaj zog dua nws tau ntxiv dag zog rau sab hauv ntawm qhov khoov nrog lub phaj hlau, thiab sab nraud nrog cov leeg. Lub zog nkag ntawm rab phom tau nce los ntawm kev txhawb nqa qhov kawg ntawm hneev nrog cov lus qhia horn. Tus tua muaj los ntawm 12 txog 24 tus xub, uas tau muab khaws cia rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub (taws - ib rooj ntoo rau hneev thiab xub; ib rooj plaub cais rau hneev - hneev lossis sawb, rooj plaub rau xib xub lossis ntsia liaj qhov rooj - ntsais; sideak, ntxiv rau, yog siv ua lub ntsiab lus rau gorite), uas tau hnav rau ntawm txoj hlua khi, ua rau lub xub pwg sab xis, sab nraub qaum. Nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm sagittarius, uas yog, tus hneev taw, kuj tseem muaj rab ntaj ntawm tus qauv Roman, uas nws, zoo li cov tub rog me me zoo ib yam, nqa hauv rab phom ntawm nws sab xis.
Daim ntawv ceeb toom lub tiaj tiaj tiaj mus rau sab xis thiab qis dua tus huab tais daim duab. Qhov no tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj qhov kho qhov, uas yog tsim los ntawm "cov neeg tua tsiaj" txhawm rau kom tau txais cov tooj liab uas tuav cov pob zeb marble ntawm cov kem ua ke. Nws hloov tawm tias tag nrho Colosseum nyob hauv tib lub qhov.
Wikipedia tsab xov xwm "Romfei" qhia tias Dacians siv qee yam zoo li romphea, tab sis tsuas yog lawv cov riam phom hu ua falx. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lawv yog nyob hauv qhov nkhaus ntawm lawv cov hniav: hauv rhomfei, nws tau ncaj los yog nkhaus me ntsis, tab sis hauv qhov tsis zoo, cov hniav tau nkhaus heev. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev pab cuam los ntawm qhov xwm txheej-qhov kev xav zoo li yog tias cov pob zeb hauv pob zeb tau zom ntawm nas!
Cov phoojywg ntawm Dacians hauv kev ua tsov rog no yog Sarmatians, uas muab Dacians nrog cov tub rog, thiab qhov no yog qhov Tacitus sau txog qhov no: cov cuab yeej ntawm Sarmatian cov thawj coj thiab cov tub rog muaj peev xwm hnyav heev uas cov tub rog uas poob ntawm nees tuaj nyuaj rau nws txhais taw yam tsis muaj kev pab. Thiab tseem "tias lawv rab hmuv thiab ntaj ntev heev uas lawv yuav tsum tau tuav ob txhais tes."
Raws li tau sau tseg hauv kab lus dhau los, tus lej ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tau pom meej ntawm kab ntawv. Yog li, ntawm cov neeg caij nees Sarmatian, tsis tsuas yog lawv tus kheej tau npog nrog cov nplai, tab sis kuj yog lawv cov nees, thiab txawm tias lawv cov tails! Ntawm no peb pom Sarmatian cov cuab yeej ua rog hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom plig - cov no yog qhov ib txwm muaj, lub tsho -txiav cov tawv tawv uas paub los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm.
Sarmatian trophies.
Tias qhov no yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm tus kws kos duab lossis kev ua phem phem? Alas, niaj hnub no nws tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj ob nqe lus no. Ib qho ntxiv, ntau tus neeg caij nees Roman los yog legionnaires ntawm cov pab cuam muaj cov saw luv heev nrog cov ceg ntoo. Cov neeg tua hneev Syrian muaj ntev heev, thaum Loos luv heev, yog li lawv tsis npog "qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws". Thiab dua li, cov neeg Loos muaj, tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, cov ntaub thaiv npog me me.
Koj tsis tuaj yeem tsim qhov "vaub kib" zoo los ntawm daim thaiv me me!
Txheeb xyuas qhov ntau zaus ntawm cov duab ntawm lub tiaj tiaj oval thaiv ntawm cov tub rog ntawm kab thiab cov pobzeb-zoo li tus duab plaub lub ntsej muag, ib tus tuaj yeem kos qhov xaus zoo kawg uas yav dhau los muaj ntau dua 80%, thiab tom kawg, vim qee qhov, tsawg heev, thiab yog tias peb paub tseeb tias leej twg yog tus tiv thaiv cov neeg Loos nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, ces … leej twg thiaj tawm tsam hauv Dacia? Nws hloov tawm tias feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog Roman txawm tias tom qab ntawd suav nrog cov tub rog - cov pab cuam, cov kws tua hneev sab hnub tuaj thiab cov kws ntaus nrig German, thiab muaj tsawg tus legionaries ntawm lawv!
Koj yuav xav tias cov tub rog caij tsheb nqaj hlau tawm tsam rau feem ntau, uas nws tau paub tias nws lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog ala ntawm 500 tus neeg (ala quingenaria), uas suav nrog 16 turms ntawm kwv yees li 30 tus neeg caij nees. Nws tau ntseeg tias kev ua tsis tiav ntawm Roman cov tub rog yog vim qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm txoj hlua nees. Lawv tsis muaj lub txaj los yog lub rooj zaum, tsis yog txhua tus nees muaj ob daim pam (mus rau hauv chav), qis dua thiab sab saud, ua los ntawm ntaub, tawv lossis plaub, ntxiv nrog txoj siv dav, ntxiv rau daim ntaub thiab tus txiv neej. Daim pam qis dua tau ntev dua thiab dav dua, qee zaum nrog lub ntsej muag nyob ntawm ntug, thiab sab saud tau luv dua thiab nqaim dua, nrog scallops raws ntug qis. Ob daim pam tau txuas nrog hlua, khawm lossis siv tawv. Cov paj ntoo thiab pendant tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog daim hlau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub crescents, embossed discs thiab tiaj paj paj. Ib txoj hlua khi nrog ob txoj hlua khi thiab lub taub hau nrog cov khoom dai tau siv los tswj tus nees. Nov ntawm tus nees "hnav khaub ncaws" hauv txhua qhov no zaum ib tus neeg caij nees Roman nrog daim ntaub thaiv ntawm nws sab tes laug, tuav lub hauv caug hauv nws, tab sis hauv nws rab hmuv lossis rab ntaj. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsav tus nees nrog lub cev thiab txhais ceg, tab sis kev sib ntaus thiab tsav tsheb nees nrog txoj hlua yog qhov nyuaj heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li cov neeg Loos lawv tus kheej yog cov tub rog ntau dua li cov neeg caij nees.
Roman horseman los ntawm Trajan kem.
Ib lub pob zeb loj li qhov no yuav hnyav dhau los nqa thiab nqa ntawm koj lub xub pwg zoo li ntawd. Thiab qhov no yog qhov thaiv av, lossis lwm qhov kev ywj pheej ntawm tus kws kos duab, yog li qhia qhov muaj zog ntawm cov tub rog Roman.
Decebalus hnav lub kaus mom Dacian ib txwm muaj thiab nqa rab ntaj ntev. Txhua yam zoo ib yam nkaus li hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Ducky".
Dio Cassius sau hais tias lub taub hau thiab sab tes xis ntawm Decebalus (qhov no tseem tau hais hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab nto moo "Daki" thiab "The Column") tau muab rau Trajan, uas nyob hauv Rannisstorum fortress, qhov chaw uas tsis paub. Xyoo 1965, thaum tshawb nrhiav ze lub nroog Philippi hauv Macedonia, cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm pom lub qhov ntxa ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav (tshawb pom) ntawm Thib Ob Pannonian ala Tiberius Claudius Maximus. Cov ntawv sau ntawm nws hais tias nws yog nws tus uas tswj tuav lub cev ntawm Dacian tus vaj ntxwv, thiab tom qab ntawd xa cov khoom plig ntshav mus rau nws tus huab tais. Ua ntej, Lub taub hau ntawm Decebalus tau muab tso rau hauv lub tais hauv nruab nrab ntawm Roman chaw pw hav zoov, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau xa mus rau Loos, qhov uas nws raug pov los ntawm Hemonian Terrace rau hauv Tiber. Yog li qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwm sim ntawm kab ntawv yog siab heev, tab sis cov lus nug txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog tseem nyob!
"Thiab lawv ua tiav lawv txoj kev mus ncig ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific!" Ntawm sab laug, nyob rau sab saum toj, Dacians tawm Dacia thiab nyiag lawv cov nyuj nrog lawv.
