"Tsis txhob ntseeg koj ob lub qhov muag", lossis Kab ntawm Emperor Trajan ua qhov keeb kwm txhim khu kev qha

"Tsis txhob ntseeg koj ob lub qhov muag", lossis Kab ntawm Emperor Trajan ua qhov keeb kwm txhim khu kev qha
"Tsis txhob ntseeg koj ob lub qhov muag", lossis Kab ntawm Emperor Trajan ua qhov keeb kwm txhim khu kev qha

Video: "Tsis txhob ntseeg koj ob lub qhov muag", lossis Kab ntawm Emperor Trajan ua qhov keeb kwm txhim khu kev qha

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Cov tub rog keeb kwm ntawm Rome los ntawm 100 txog 200 AD NS. paub tsis zoo rau peb, txij li tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm no tau muaj txoj sia nyob. Tab sis muaj Trajan's Kem hauv Rome. Thiab ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm tau siv los hais txog cov nuj nqis ntawm cov tub rog hauv cov cuab yeej ua yeeb yam piav qhia ntawm nws.

"Tsis txhob ntseeg koj ob lub qhov muag", lossis Kab ntawv ntawm Emperor Trajan ua qhov keeb kwm txhim khu kev qha
"Tsis txhob ntseeg koj ob lub qhov muag", lossis Kab ntawv ntawm Emperor Trajan ua qhov keeb kwm txhim khu kev qha

Txhua yam tau paub txog nws, yog li cov neeg nyiam "keeb kwm tshiab" hauv qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob txhawj xeeb: 20 lub npe nrov ntawm Karara marble, nws siab 38 m (ua ke nrog lub hauv paus), nws txoj kab uas hla yog 4 m. hollow, tab sis ua rau lub peev txheej kauv staircase nrog 185 cov kauj ruam. Nws qhov hnyav yog li 40 tons. Nws tau tsim los ntawm tus kws kho vajtse Apollodorus ntawm Damascus hauv 113 AD. NS. thiab tau mob siab rau kom yeej ntawm Emperor Trajan hla Dacians hauv 101-102. Txawm li cas los xij, hais li ntawd yog tsis hais dab tsi! Tom qab tag nrho, nws tag nrho saum npoo tau npog nrog cov kab xev nrog cov pob nyem, uas yog ncig ntawm nws lub cev 23 zaug, thiab tag nrho qhov ntev yog 190 m! Tus kws kos duab thiab nws cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm zoo! Suffice nws hais tias kwv yees li 2500 tus lej tau piav qhia ntawm cov kev pab no! Tab sis nws nyuaj heev los tshuaj xyuas thiab kawm lawv, vim nws siab heev. Los ntawm txoj kev, Trajan nws tus kheej tau piav txog nws 59 zaug. Ntawm cov duab piav qhia kuj tseem muaj cov lej sib xws xws li tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm yeej Nike, tus vaj tswv Danube hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus txiv neej zoo nkauj, Hmo ntuj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus poj niam nrog lub ntsej muag npog, thiab ntau lwm tus.

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Cov uas saib cov duab no muaj lub zog ua ntej tshaj plaws. Nws zoo li txhua tus lej ntawm nws yog qhov muaj tiag tiag, thiab nws tsis yog yam tsis muaj laj thawj uas cov pob nyem nyem tau suav tias yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kawm txog riam phom, ris tsho tiv thaiv thiab khoom siv ntawm ob tus neeg Loos thiab lawv cov yeeb ncuab, Dacians thiab Sarmatians. Tab sis cov kws kos duab txhob txwm ua kev txi rau txoj kev cia siab kom ua tiav cov ntsiab lus ntau ntxiv. Xws li txoj hauv kev tau ntsib tas li hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv qub, tab sis rau keeb kwm nws tsis yog qhov no tseem ceeb, tab sis ua tib zoo thiab ntseeg tau lawv qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm khaub ncaws thiab riam phom. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub tsev tiv thaiv phab ntsa thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm toj roob hauv pes, dua nyob rau hauv kev lig kev cai qub, tau qhia tawm ntawm qhov ntsuas. Txhua daim duab zoo ib yam meej thiab qhov loj me, tab sis los qhia qhov kev xav, lawv tau muab tso rau saum ib qho.

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Fab Kis keeb kwm keeb kwm Michel Fiugeri hu ua bas-reliefs of Trajan's Column "a documentary film." Tab sis yog tias koj kawm lawv ua tib zoo, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, sib piv lawv nrog lwm cov duab thiab khoom cuav, tom qab ntawv tej zaum peb yuav kawg tau txais lus nug ntau dua li nws yuav muab lus teb rau peb. Yog, qhov no yog lub hauv paus, tab sis yog qhov tshwj xeeb heev, thiab txhua yam uas peb pom ntawm nws tsis tuaj yeem coj los ntawm kev ntseeg zoo li ntawd! Tus kws sau keeb kwm Askiv nto moo Peter Connolly tau sau tseg tias nws yog qhov muaj peev xwm kawm tau los ntawm nws ntau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm dab tsi yog pab tub rog Roman thaum lub sijhawm kev sib tw no. Tab sis … koj tuaj yeem kawm qee yam txawv ntawm nws!

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Piv txwv li, ntawm lub hauv paus nyem, koj tuaj yeem pom tias Roman legionnaires tau hnav lorica segmentata armor, thiab lawv pab tub rog (pabcuam), ob tus neeg caij nees thiab tub rog, hnav lorica hamata saw saw. Tab sis vim li cas cov ntawv ntawm qee tus neeg pab cuam luv luv? Vim li cas ho tsis scalloped hem txawm tias npog lawv lub puab tsaig? Ib tus neeg tuaj yeem pab tsis nco qab cov kab lus los ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab Soviet "Alexander Nevsky": "Auj, cov saw xa ntawv luv luv!"Kev txiav txim los ntawm daim ntawv thaiv kab pheeb ces kaum, cov tub rog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv luv luv no yog pab, txawm hais tias qhov luv luv ntawm cov cuab yeej no tseem ua xyem xyav rau lawv. Ntawd yog, nws yog tus neeg kos duab tsis saib xyuas, lossis lawv tau ua txhob txwm ua, piv txwv li, txhawm rau "ua siab loj" cov duab ntawm cov tub rog Roman. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg caij tsheb muaj tib txoj hauv kev luv luv xa ntawv. Yuav ua li cas yog tias nws tau ua thiab tau ua tiav - kom muaj kev nplij siab ntau dua los ntawm cov neeg caij nees? Tab sis yog tias qhov no yog li ntawd, vim li cas thiaj tsis tuaj yeem xav tias cov tub rog nyob hauv cov ntawv luv luv no … tau caij cov neeg caij nees lossis cov uas tau poob lawv tus nees?! Tab sis qhov no yog ib qho kev txaj muag ntawm qhov kev xav uas nws yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem sawv ntawm nws. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws tseem qhia tau tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam khoom uas yog nyob rau ntawm xub ntiag ntawm koj lub qhov muag tuaj yeem txhais tau ntau yam! Qhov xwm txheej, ntawm kev pab los ntawm Mantua hauv hav hav ntawm Po River thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 1. AD saw xa ntawv (thiab lub plhaub plhaub) ntawm cov neeg caij nees nce mus txog nruab nrab-ncej puab, uas yog, cov neeg caij nees txoj saw xa ntawv ntev li qub tseem muaj nyob hauv pab tub rog Roman. Lawv muaj capes tsis siv lub tes tsho, thiab lawv muaj qee qhov nyuaj dua li "Trajan" sawv daws, uas tseem tau taw qhia los ntawm Peter Connolly. Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias ob txoj saw hlau thiab cov cuab yeej ua los ntawm cov nplai los ntawm cov tub rog Loos ntawm kev txiav tib yam, txawm hais tias thev naus laus zis ntawm lawv kev tsim khoom, tau kawg, yog qhov sib txawv!

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Tab sis qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws yog nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Trajan cov kem hauv cov ris tsho txhav, cov neeg tua hneev taw ntawm Syrian kuj tau piav qhia - cov tub rog caij nkoj ntawm Rome thiab cov tub rog ntawm Sarmatians, uas hauv kev ua tsov rog no yog phooj ywg ntawm Dacians. Ntawm cov peev txheej lees paub qhov kev faib dav ntawm cov ris tsho hnav nyob hauv Ntiaj Teb Qub, cov kev pab los ntawm Trajan Cov Kab tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb, vim tias kab ntawv tau teeb tsa "hauv kev nrhiav kub". Tab sis txoj kev kawm ntawm kev nyem, uas qhia txog Sarmatian horsemen thiab lawv cov nees, qhia meej meej tias daim duab no yog dab neeg.

Qhov tseeb yog tias txhua tus ntawm lawv tau piav qhia hauv cov khaub ncaws "khaub ncaws", uas yog … cov hlua khi nruj! Yog li ntawd, ntawm qhov nyem los ntawm Trajan kab ntawv, Sarmatians zoo li … "tus txiv neej amphibian" los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm tib lub npe, ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv USSR xyoo 1962, uas yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem yog qhov tseeb. Lub sijhawm ntawd tsis muaj cov cuab yeej zoo li no! Tsis muaj! Raws li keeb kwm Askiv keeb kwm Russell Robinson, tus sau ntawm kev pab nrog "scaly Sarmatians" txawm siv lawv cov lus piav qhia, uas tau hais tias lawv tau tiv thaiv los ntawm lub taub hau rau ntiv taw nrog cov ris tsho txhav, thiab yog li nws rov tsim dua lawv, lossis tsim qhov lawv yuav saib zoo li cas. zoo li ntawm lawv tus kheej saj. Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem yog, zoo li nws tshwm sim ntawm no hauv Russia, thaum txhua yam tau piav qhia rau tus neeg ua yeeb yam "ntawm cov ntiv tes". Cov uas tuaj yeem nug txog qhov no tsis tuaj, yog li tus neeg pluag tsis zoo muab pub dawb rau nws lub tswv yim! Thiab yuav ua li cas cov qub tub rog ntawm kev ua rog nrog Dacians feem ntau yuav luag ntawm nws "scarm Sarmatians", peb tsuas tuaj yeem kwv yees hnub no!

Thiab ntawm no yog cov duab tshwj xeeb heev: nyob rau sab laug - Cov neeg caij nees Roman hauv cov ntawv luv luv, thiab sab xis - Sarmatians khiav ntawm lawv. Ntxiv mus, ob tus tub rog thiab lawv cov nees tau npog los ntawm lub taub hau mus rau ntiv taw nrog "cov ris tsho hnav". Ntawd yog, qhov no yog qhov kev xav tsis meej ntawm cov kws puab.

Ntawm no, ntawm kab ntawv, muaj lwm qhov kev pab, uas peb pom cov khoom plig Sarmatian thiab Dacian ntawm pab tub rog Roman. Ntawm lawv yog tus neeg zaj dab neeg nto moo, thiab Dacian-Sarmatian spangenhelm lub kaus mom hlau nrog lub puab tsaig, uas tom qab ntawd dhau los ua tus qauv tiv thaiv lub taub hau hauv cov tub rog Roman, thiab … lub plhaub pliav nrog lub plab hlaub ntawm qhov ntev. Nws tsuas yog xav tsis thoob vim li cas hauv ib qho chaw lawv tau piav qhia kom raug, thiab hauv lwm qhov - tsis yog!

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Cov ntaub thaiv npog ntawm txhua tus tub rog Loos los ntawm Trajan's Column muaj tsawg heev, txawm hais tias, txiav txim los ntawm kev pom ntawm Dura Europos, lawv yuav tsum loj dua. Cov tub rog legionnaires uas taug kev tau piav qhia nrog daim ntaub thaiv, uas lawv nqa ntawm sab laug ntawm lawv lub xub pwg pluaj. Vim tias lub sijhawm ntev tsuas yog tuav daim ntaub thaiv hauv tes thiab nqa nws yuav tsis yooj yim. Tab sis cov ntaub thaiv npog tau qhib qhib, txawm hais tias peb paub los ntawm Caesar cov ntawv sau tseg tias lawv tau hnav rau hauv rooj plaub tawv. Cov npog zoo li no tau pom, yog li tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg txog lawv kev siv. Lawv kuj muaj lub qhov rau lub qhov txhab, tab sis nyob ntawm kab ntawv - tej zaum los qhia kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm daim ntaub thaiv - lawv nyob txhua qhov chaw qhia tsis tau pom. Thiab nws yuav zoo tsuas yog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis kuj yog hauv kev sib tw, thiab qhov no yog cov ntawv tseeb lossis qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus kws puab - tus sau ntawm kab ntawv.

Tsis muaj ib tus legionnaires ntawm kem muaj rab phom pugio. Thaj, los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 1st xyoo pua AD nws twb dhau mus ntawm kev zam ntawm cov legionnaires. Lawv kuj tsis muaj cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb zoo li huab tais - txheej ntawm txoj siv sia nrog cov hlau cim rau ntawm lawv, ntawm lub duav siv rau pem hauv ntej. Qhov tseeb, yuav luag tsis yog, txij li nws qee zaum pom hauv legionnaires hauv ntu lorics. Tab sis txawm nrog lawv nws luv heev - tsuas yog plaub kab ntawm cov plaques. Ntawd yog, nws twb tau dhau los ntawm kev zam, lossis cov txheej txheem no yog nyob rau theem ntawm kev ua tiav!

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Ntau tus legionnaires muaj hwj txwv ntawm lawv kab. Thiab dua, nws tsis meej - qhov no yog leej twg? Yav dhau los cov neeg tsis paub qab hau uas poob rau hauv cov tub rog, lossis nws twb yog qhov zoo li no. Ntawd yog, cov hwj txwv tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tsis ncaj ncees lawm, nws tsis yog rau yam uas txawm tias tus huab tais muaj hwj txwv tom qab. Txawm li cas los xij, Emperor Trajan nws tus kheej tau qhia tsis muaj cov plaub hau ntawm kab ntawv.

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Yog li, cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm Trajan Cov Kab yuav tsum tau lees paub qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li keeb kwm keeb kwm, tab sis raws li qhov chaw - nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsis ntseeg txog ntau yam ntsiab lus, vim tias lawv ua txhaum tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv peb cov kev paub keeb kwm tam sim no, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv kev nkag siab hauv paus!

Connolly, P. Greece thiab Rome hauv Kev Tsov Rog. Encyclopedia of Military History / P. Connolly; ib. los ntawm lus Askiv S. Lopukhova, A. Khromova. - M.: Eksmo-Xovxwm, 2000.

Robinson, R. Armor ntawm Cov Neeg Sab Hnub Tuaj. Keeb kwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv riam phom / R. Robinson; ib. los ntawm lus Askiv S. Fedorova. - M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2006.

Shpakovsky, V. O. Horsemen los ntawm kev pab daws teeb meem / V. O. Shpakovsky // Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm. - 2013. - Tsis yog 1.

Feugere, M. Riam phom ntawm Loos / M. Feugere; txhais los ntawm Fab Kis los ntawm David G. Smith. - UK: Tempus Publishing Ltd, 2002.

Nicolle, D. Rome tus yeeb ncuab (5): Desert Frontier / D. Nicolle. -L.: Osprey (Men-at-Arms No. 243), 1991.

Robinson, HR Cov cuab yeej ntawm Imperial Rome / HR Robinson. - L.: Tsov caj npab thiab Armor Xovxwm, 1975.

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