Nov yog daim ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg thaum xub thawj. Cov kab ntawv qhia cov npe ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm tub rog, sau tseg txog qhov tsim thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. Muaj ntau heev ntawm cov rooj no. Nws yuav zoo li tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv nws. Lub caij no, nws yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb heev thiab tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau Barbarossa txoj phiaj xwm.
Nov yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev lag luam tub rog Soviet tau npaj los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Phem Sab Hnub Poob ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Loj ntawm Tebchaws Yelemees thaum kawg xyoo 1940: "Die Kriegswirtschaft der Union der Sozialistischen Sowjetrepubliken (UdSSR). Sawv 1.1.1941. Teil II: Anlageband "(TsAMO RF, f. 500, op. 12451, d. 280). Kuj tseem muaj thawj ntu ntawm daim ntawv no, uas muaj cov lus piav qhia luv tshaj ntawm Soviet kev lag luam thiab nws cov peev txheej uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua tsov rog (TsAMO RF, f. 500, op. 12450, d. 81). Tab sis qhov thib ob yog qhov ntau dua thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv uas yog qhov nthuav rau kev tshuaj xyuas.
Raws li tau hais hauv kab lus dhau los ntawm cov ncauj lus ntawm yam uas cov neeg German tau paub txog kev lag luam tub rog Soviet, kev txawj ntse ntawm pab tub rog, uas xam phaj cov neeg raug kaw, tau xav paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov chaw ua lag luam tub rog nyob hauv av, hauv nroog, thiab thaj chaw. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab lub peev xwm, lawv twb muaj phau ntawv siv npaj ua ntej tsov rog. Nws tau luam tawm thaum Lub Ib Hlis 15, 1941 nrog kev xa tawm ntawm 2,000 daim ntawv thiab, tej zaum, muaj nyob hauv lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm kev tsim thiab lawv lub chaw haujlwm txawj ntse.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov tsos nws tus kheej tau cuam tshuam nrog cov lus nug uas, thaum npaj kev tawm tsam ntawm USSR, tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis txaus siab rau: qhov ntsuas ntawm kev ua tub rog, muaj pes tsawg riam phom thiab mos txwv tsim tawm? Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais meej meej piv nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tsim tub rog hauv tebchaws Yelemes, los ntawm qhov ua raws cov lus teb rau lwm qhov, cov lus nug tseem ceeb dua: Puas yog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees muaj txoj hauv kev los ua tsov rog nrog USSR? Cov lus teb tau txais, thiab peb yuav tham txog nws hauv kev nthuav dav hauv qab no.
Muaj pes tsawg lub tsev tsim khoom uas cov neeg German paub?
Cov neeg German tau muaj ntaub ntawv txog 452 Soviet cov tub rog ua lag luam. Cov no suav nrog tsis yog ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb cov tub rog thiab cov chaw tsim khoom, tab sis tseem muaj kev cob qhia thiab kev faib cais ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom loj koom nrog kev tsim tub rog. Cov lag luam loj tuaj yeem muaj 3-4 qhov kev faib cais, uas suav nrog kev cais tub rog tsim tawm. Piv txwv li, Leningrad Kirov Plant tsim cov tshuab phom, cov phom loj, cov mos txwv thiab cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Yog li, tsob ntoo Kirov suav nrog plaub lub chaw tsim tub rog.
Cov lag luam tub rog hauv phau ntawv teev npe tau muab cais los ntawm kev lag luam:
• Cov caj npab me - 29 kev lag luam, • Artillery, tank, phom tiv thaiv dav hlau - 38 lub tuam txhab, • Cov phom loj - 129 cov tuam txhab, • Cov phom thiab cov foob pob tawg - 41 lub tuam txhab, • Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg - 44 kev lag luam, • Cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog - 42 lub chaw lag luam, • Aviation nroj tsuag - 44 qhauj, • Tsob ntoo ntawm lub tshuab dav hlau - 14 lub tuam txhab, • Chaw Nkoj Nkoj - 24 chaw ua haujlwm, • Cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag thiab qhov tseeb - 38 tuam txhab.
Rau ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, cov npe muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm, cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom, thiab qee zaum cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev npaj phiaj xwm. Piv txwv li, Novokramatorsk Machine-Building Plant muaj npe tom qab Stalin hauv Kramatorsk, raws li German cov ntaub ntawv, muaj peev xwm txhua hli hauv xyoo 1938: rau 81-mm mortars-145, rau 45-mm anti-tank phom-tsis muaj ntaub ntawv, rau 57-mm tank phom-15, rau 76, 2-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau-68, rau rab phom tiv thaiv 102-mm-2; kuj npaj phiaj xwm phiaj xwm rau xyoo 1937: rau phom 240-mm-4, rau 240-mm howitzers-8, rau 305-mm tsheb ciav hlau phom-2. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsob ntoo tsim cov mos txwv (57-mm-23,000 pcs., 152-mm) -10,000 pcs, 240-mm thiab 305-mm-3500 pcs.) Thiab cov tsheb tiv thaiv (qhia T-32 thiab STK).
Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tshaj plaws uas cov neeg German tau muaj los ntawm 1938. Kuv tau txais qhov kev xav tias lub hauv paus yog tus sawv cev lossis pab pawg ntawm cov neeg sawv cev uas feem ntau yuav ua haujlwm hauv USSR Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Lag Luam thiab tau nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv cais. Tab sis xyoo 1939 tus neeg sawv cev lossis tus neeg sawv cev raug ntes, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntws ntawm Soviet cov tub rog tsim khoom tau tso tseg. Yog li phau ntawv qhia qhia txog lub xeev ntawm kev lag luam tub rog Soviet zoo tshaj plaws hauv xyoo 1939.
Tsis tas li, saib cov npe, Kuv suav tias cov neeg German tau ntes 147 lub tsev tsim khoom los ntawm cov npe no thaum ua tsov rog, lossis 32.5%, feem ntau hauv tebchaws Ukraine.
Tso riam phom
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog German cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj riam phom hauv USSR txij li xyoo 1937. Muaj 44 lub chaw lag luam hauv kev lag luam, uas muaj cuaj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj zog, nyob hauv Stalinogorsk (Novomoskovsk), Leningrad, Slavyansk, Stalingrad thiab Gorlovka. Cov tuam txhab no, uas tsim ntau dua ib nrab ntawm Soviet riam phom tshuaj, muaj peev xwm txhua hli raws li cov ntaub ntawv German:
• Clark I (diphenylchloroarsine) - 600 tons, • Clark II (diphenylcyanarsine) - 600 tons, • Chloroacetophenone - 120 tons, • Adamsite - 100 tons, • Phosgene - 1300 tons, • Cov roj mustard - 700 cubic meters, • Diphosgen - 330 cubic meters, • Chloropicrin - 300 cubic meters, • Lewisite - 200 cubic meters.
Txhua lub hlis 4, 9 txhiab tons ntawm ntau yam riam phom tshuaj lom neeg, lossis kwv yees li 58, 8 txhiab tons hauv ib xyoos. Thaum tag nrho Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau siv 52 txhiab tons ntawm cov neeg ua tsov rog ua tshuaj lom neeg. Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum II, 61,000 tons ntawm cov riam phom tshuaj tau tsim hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, thiab Cov Phoojywg pom muaj li 69,000 tons hauv cov chaw khaws khoom.
Hauv tebchaws Ntsaws Mes Nis, tsis muaj peev xwm tsim tau riam phom tshuaj. Xyoo 1939, qhov nruab nrab txhua hli tso tawm yog 881 tons, xyoo 1940 - 982 tons, xyoo 1941 - 1189 tons (Eichholz D. Geschichte der deutschen Kriegswirtschaft 1939-1945. Band I. München, 1999. S. 206). Ntawd yog, kev tsim tawm txhua xyoo yog 10-12 txhiab tons.
Txawm hais tias qhov teeb meem no tseem xav tau qee qhov kev piav qhia (piv txwv li, lub peev xwm npaj tau ua tiav ntau tshaj qhov tsim tawm ntawm riam phom tshuaj; nws kuj tseem yuav tsim nyog los piav qhia qhov txheeb cais), txawm li cas los xij, daim duab tag nrho rau Tus Thawj Coj German tau meej heev. Yog tias tsuas yog cuaj tawm ntawm 44 lub chaw tsim khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg Soviet tsim tsib zaug ntau dua li cov neeg German hauv ib xyoos, thiab ntau dua tau siv thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, tom qab ntawd hauv cov xwm txheej no koom tes nrog riam phom tshuaj nyob rau Sab Hnub Poob yog tsis yooj yim sua. Tus yeeb ncuab yuav muaj ntau ntxiv ntawm nws, thiab nws yuav ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev siv nws. Yog li ntawd, nws zoo dua tsis pib.
Muaj zog exaggeration ntawm Soviet muaj peev xwm
Qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv muab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev ua tub rog dav dav hauv USSR. Lub chaw haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog uas ua siab phem Ost tau sim piav qhia cov ntaub ntawv ob qho tib si los ntawm cov peev txheej txawj ntse thiab los ntawm kev suav xam.
Qhov kev kwv yees no tsis yog txhua qhov ci nrog qhov tseeb, uas tsis nyuaj rau tsim los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm uas peb muaj. Qhov no qhia tias German txawj ntse tsis muaj kev nkag ncaj qha rau cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no thiab qhia txog kev tsim tub rog.
Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev teeb tsa thiab tabulate cov ntaub ntawv me ntsis - nrog kev sib piv nrog kev ua tsov rog tiag hauv USSR xyoo 1939 thiab nrog kev ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws Yelemes xyoo 1940. Phau ntawv tau sau ua ke thaum lub caij ntuj sov lossis caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1940 uas yog ib feem ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm Barbarossa txoj phiaj xwm, thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm nws tau hais meej meej piv nrog qib ua tiav ntawm German kev tsim khoom.
Hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, nws yog kev coj los ntsuas kev tsim khoom thiab lub peev xwm hauv cov khoom tsim tawm txhua hli, hauv USSR - hauv kev tsim tawm txhua xyoo. Txij li thaum peb tsuas yog siv cov ntaub ntawv German, rau kev sib piv, Soviet cov ntaub ntawv khaws nyiaj rau xyoo 1939 tau rov suav dua los ntawm ib xyoos mus rau qhov nruab nrab txhua hli.
Cov lus xaus dav dav los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov tsis tau npaj tseg. Cov neeg German tau hais ntau heev txog lub zog ntawm Soviet cov tub rog tsim khoom, tshwj xeeb yog hauv cov mos txwv, rab phom thiab tso tsheb hlau luam. Cov phom loj nrog lub peev xwm txog li 57 mm tsis muaj zog npaum li qhov xav tau, ob qho tib si hais txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov thoob thiab qhov ntim ntawm cov mos txwv tsim. Xyoo 1939, pawg no suav nrog ntau lub tank, tiv thaiv lub tank thiab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lub peev xwm yog rau phom, phom phom loj thiab rab phom loj.
Yog tias peb saib cov ntaub ntawv uas Tus Thawj Coj German tau muaj thaum lub sijhawm txiav txim siab los tua USSR, nws yog qhov tseeb los ntawm lawv tias German cov lus txib txiav txim siab mus ua rog vim qhov pom tau zoo tshaj ntawm cov tub rog German hauv kev muab phom loj nrog plhaub ntawm 76, 2-mm thiab siab dua … Ntau tshaj ob zaug ntau lub plhaub rau 7, 5 cm FK 18, 7, 5 cm FK 38, 10, 5 cm leFH 18/40 thiab lwm yam tau tsim dua li hauv USSR, raws li German kwv yees. Plhaub rau 15 cm K 18, 15 cm sFH 18 - 5.5 npaug ntau dua li hauv USSR. Yog li German cov lus txib tuaj yeem suav qhov tseeb tias German rab phom loj yuav tau qhab nia Soviet ib, txawm tias nws muaj ntau lub thoob.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab no tau ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, raws li peb pom niaj hnub no, hais lus ntxhi heev. Qhov tseeb, kev npaj ua ntej ntawm German hauv kev muab cov mos txwv phom loj tau hais ntau dua. Piv txwv li, rau lub plhaub taum pauv ntawm 76, 2-107 mm, German kev tsim khoom tau dhau los ntawm Soviet ntau dua peb zaug. USSR tau tsim 1,417 phom ntawm txhua hom thiab calibers hauv ib lub hlis xyoo 1939, thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees - 560, uas yog, tsawg dua 2.5 npaug. Txawm li cas los xij, cov phom loj uas tsis muaj lub foob pob hluav taws yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Cov tub ceev xwm German thiab cov neeg lis haujlwm yog, tau kawg, paub txog txhua qhov kev tawm tsam thiab cov tswv yim zoo ntawm qhov tsis muaj lub plhaub. Lub sijhawm no tau kawm zoo los ntawm lawv ntawm kev paub txog Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib. Cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tau hais tias Soviet rab phom loj kuj tseem yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo li cov mos txwv, zoo li Russia rab phom loj hauv Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1. Nov yog lub hauv paus rau lawv txoj kev ntseeg siab tias lawv yuav tuaj yeem kov yeej Red Army.
Yog li phau ntawv qhia no rau Soviet kev lag luam ua tsov ua rog thiab kwv yees kev ua tsov rog yog qhov kev sib cav tseem ceeb hauv kev nyiam ntawm Barbarossa txoj phiaj xwm.
