Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo, Stockholm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Koom Haum (SIPRI) ib txwm pib tshaj tawm nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm tshiab. Ob peb hlis tom ntej no, Lub Tsev Haujlwm tshwj xeeb yuav tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb caj npab thiab khoom siv tub rog. Xyoo no thawj daim ntawv ceeb toom kev lag luam caj npab SIPRI tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Ob Hlis 22nd. Nws lub ntsiab lus yog lub xeev kev lag luam hauv xyoo 2011-15. Cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hauv tebchaws Swedish tau tshuaj xyuas qhov ntsuas ntawm lub sijhawm no thiab muab piv rau yav dhau los "tsib xyoos" lub sijhawm, uas tuaj nyob rau xyoo 2006-10. Cia peb txiav txim siab tsab ntawv ceeb toom tshiab.
Cov ncauj lus dav dav
Raws li ib txwm muaj, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau teev tseg hauv kev tshaj tawm luv luv nrog rau nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Ib qho ntxiv, cov ncauj lus tseem ceeb suav nrog hauv kab ntawv xov xwm tshaj tawm. Lub sijhawm no, ntawm theem kab lus, kev nce riam phom yuav khoom los ntawm cov tebchaws hauv Asia thiab Middle East tau muab sau tseg, nrog rau kev coj ua txuas ntxiv ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Russia hauv kev xa tawm cov khoom lag luam tub rog. Ntxiv rau cov kev hloov pauv no, daim ntawv tshaj tawm qhia qee qhov kev nthuav dav nthuav dav hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.
Raws li kev suav ntawm SIPRI cov kws tshaj lij, hauv 2011-15 qhov ntim ntawm kev ua lag luam caj npab tau nce 14% piv rau tsib xyoos dhau los. Kev ua lag luam tau loj hlob txij li xyoo 2004 thiab tseem tsis tau tso tseg. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kev ntsuas kev lag luam hloov pauv txhua txhua xyoo, txawm li cas los xij, thaum txiav txim siab qhov ntim ntawm kev yuav khoom ntau dua tsib xyoos, qhov xwm txheej zoo li txawv me ntsis.
Zuag qhia tag nrho kev ua lag luam dhau ob peb xyoos dhau los
Nws tau sau tseg tias nyob rau tsib xyoos dhau los, kev loj hlob ntawm kev ntim khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam tub rog tau muab los ntawm cov tebchaws Asia thiab Oceania. Cov npe ntawm kaum tus neeg xa khoom loj tshaj suav nrog rau Xeev hauv cheeb tsam no: Is Nrias teb (14%ntawm tag nrho kev yuav khoom hauv ntiaj teb), Tuam Tshoj (4.7%), Australia (3.6%), Pakistan (3.3%), Nyab Laj (2, 9%) thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb (2.6%). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kuj muaj cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg. Yog li, Nyab Laj tau nce kev xa khoom los ntawm 699% nyob rau tsib xyoos dhau los piv rau lub sijhawm dhau los. Zuag qhia tag nrho, Asia thiab Oceania kev ua tau zoo dua qub: thaj av tag nrho cov khoom xa tuaj tau nce tsuas yog 26%. Tib lub sijhawm, Asia thiab Oceania suav txog 46% ntawm txhua qhov kev yuav khoom hauv 2011-15.
Cov tebchaws ntawm Middle East qhia tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev yuav khoom. Tshaj li tsib xyoos dhau los, thaj av no tau qhia txog 61% nce hauv kev yuav khoom. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb uas coj mus rau cov txiaj ntsig no yog nce kev yuav khoom los ntawm Saudi Arabia. Hauv tsib xyoos, lub tebchaws cov nqi nce 275%, ua rau lub ntiaj teb thib ob tus neeg nqa khoom siv riam phom loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Qatar nce kev siv nyiaj los ntawm 279%, tab sis tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov ntawv cog lus tawm hauv lub tebchaws no mus deb tshaj li kaum tus thawj coj ntshuam. Egypt thiab United Arab Emirates tau nce lawv cov kev yuav khoom los ntawm 37% thiab 35%, feem.
Raws li ua ntej, Tebchaws Meskas tseem yog thawj qhov ntawm cov neeg xa khoom siv riam phom thiab khoom siv tub rog. Hauv 2011-15, lawv cov khoom siv suav nrog 33% ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Kev loj hlob hauv kev sib piv nrog lub sijhawm dhau los yog 27%. Russia nyob qib thib ob thiab 25% ntawm kev ua lag luam, nce cov khoom siv los ntawm 28%. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau sau tseg tias xyoo 2014-15 Cov khoom siv hauv Lavxias tau poob qis mus rau qib kawg ntawm kaum xyoo dhau los.
Tuam Tshoj tau qhia pom kev loj hlob zoo hauv kev xa khoom, uas tau tswj kom nce nws phau ntawv xaj khoom los ntawm 88%. Ntawm lwm yam, qhov no coj mus rau kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm lwm lub tebchaws hauv qeb duas tag nrho. Piv txwv li, Fabkis thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees poob lawv qhov chaw, uas tseem pom qhov txo qis hauv qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb. Yog li, kev xa tawm Fabkis poob los ntawm 9.8%, thaum kev xa tawm German poob los yuav luag ib nrab.
Tsis tas li, SIPRI cov kws tshuaj ntsuam hauv xov xwm tshaj tawm qee qhov xav paub ntxiv ntawm cov xwm txheej kev lag luam uas tau pom nyob rau tsib xyoos dhau los. Piv txwv, African ntsuas yog qhov txaus siab. Hauv 2011-15, Neeg Asmeskas cov khoom xa tuaj tau nce 19%, nrog 56% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv mus rau tsuas yog ob lub tebchaws: Algeria thiab Morocco. Ib qho laj thawj rau qhov xwm txheej no nrog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev yuav khoom los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tuaj yeem yog qhov xwm txheej kev lag luam ntawm sab av loj. Vim tias tsis muaj peev nyiaj, cov tebchaws ntawm Central thiab South Africa tsis muaj peev xwm yuav yuav riam phom lossis khoom siv txaus.
Mexico, Azerbaijan thiab Iraq pom kev loj hlob zoo hauv kev xa khoom - hauv 2011-15, lawv cov kev yuav khoom tau nce los ntawm 331%, 217%thiab 83%, feem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho kev ntim khoom ntawm cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe poob qis 41%.
Cov neeg xa khoom loj tshaj plaws
Xyoo tsis ntev los no, qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev lag luam caj npab thiab khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb, uas yog cov npe ntawm cov thawj coj xa tawm, tsis tshua hloov pauv. Lub tebchaws tsis tshua txav ntau dua ib kab los lossis qis dua, tab sis lub sijhawm no nyob ib puag ncig, kaum qhov saum toj kawg nkaus tau pom kev hloov pauv loj. Piv txwv li, xyoo 2011-15, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees poob los ntawm qhov thib peb mus rau qhov thib tsib, thaum Fabkis tau tuav kab thib plaub, tab sis tau muab txoj hauv kev rau Suav. Cia peb ua tibzoo saib ntawm pawg thawj coj.
Cov neeg xa khoom loj tshaj plaws, lawv cov khoom lag luam thiab cov neeg yuav khoom tseem ceeb
"Top-10" cov xa khoom muaj raws li hauv qab no: Tebchaws Asmeskas (33%ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv), Russia (25%), Tuam Tshoj (5.9%), Fabkis (5.6%), Lub Tebchaws Yelemees (4.7%), Tebchaws Askiv (4.5%), Spain (3.5%), Ltalis (2.7%), Ukraine (2.6%) thiab Netherlands (2%). Yog li, tsuas yog kaum lub tebchaws xa khoom faib 89.5% ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm lawv tus kheej, thiab ob feem peb ntawm kev ua lag luam tsuas yog peb tus thawj coj.
Tebchaws Asmeskas tau rov ua thawj qhov chaw hais txog qhov ntim ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev ua lag luam nrog kev faib tawm ntawm 33%. Hauv xyoo 2006-10, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau tuav 29% ntawm kev ua lag luam thiab pom kev loj hlob hauv ob qho tib si thiab tsis sib xws. Hauv "tsib xyoos" kawg, feem ntau ntawm Asmeskas kev tsim khoom mus rau Saudi Arabia (9.7%ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv), United Arab Emirates (9.1%) thiab Turkey (6.6%).
"Nyiaj" dua yog rau Russia, uas tau nce nws cov lag luam sib faib los ntawm 22% txog 25%. Tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev xa riam phom Lavxias hauv xyoo 2011-15 yog qhov poob ntawm cov khoom ntim tau pom txij li xyoo 2014. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tiv thaiv kev lag luam Lavxias los ntawm kev tuav thiab ua kom nws cov lag luam sib faib. Feem coob ntawm cov khoom lag luam Lavxias (39%) tau mus rau Is Nrias teb xyoo 2011-15. Qhov chaw thib ob thiab thib peb hais txog kev yuav khoom tau coj los ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyab Laj nrog 11% ntawm cov khoom siv.
Tuam Tshoj yog tus thib peb ntawm cov npe ntawm cov tebchaws xa tawm. Qhov kawg ntawm kaum xyoo dhau los, nws nyob tsuas yog 3.6% ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam, thiab tam sim no nws ua tiav 5.9% ntawm cov khoom siv. Kev loj hlob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm kev xaj yog 88%, uas yog cov ntaub ntawv rau lub sijhawm raug tshuaj xyuas. Kev loj hlob pom tsis ntev dhau los no tau tso cai rau Tuam Tshoj hla lub tebchaws Askiv, Fabkis thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Feem ntau ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tub rog xa mus rau peb lub tebchaws: Pakistan (35%), Bangladesh (20%) thiab Myanmar (16%).
Qhov chaw thib plaub hauv cov npe ntawm cov thawj coj tau khaws cia los ntawm Fab Kis, uas nws sib faib, txawm li cas los xij, tau poob los ntawm 7.1%mus rau 5.6%, thiab kev muag khoom poob los ntawm 9.8%. Yog li, tsuas yog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm lwm lub tebchaws tau tso cai nws ua kab thib plaub. Tus neeg yuav khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Fab Kis riam phom hauv xyoo 2011-15 yog Morocco (16%), thib ob thiab thib peb - Tuam Tshoj (13%) thiab Egypt (9.5%).
Lub teb chaws Yelemees kaw saum tsib nrog rau kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov ntsuas tshiab. Hauv tsib xyoos dhau los, nws pom qhov poob qis tshaj plaws hauv kev xa khoom - 51%. Vim li no, kev faib cov riam phom German ntawm kev ua lag luam poob los ntawm 11% mus rau 4.7%. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam German nyob rau lub sijhawm raug tshuaj xyuas raug xa mus rau Asmeskas (13%), Israel (11%) thiab Greece (10%).
Ntawm kaum lub tuam txhab xa tawm saum toj kawg nkaus, qee lub tebchaws hauv qab ib nrab ntawm cov npe tau pom kev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Yog li, kev xa khoom hauv tebchaws Askiv tau nce 26%, Italian tau 45%thiab Spanish tau 55%. Vim li no, kev sib koom ntawm Great Britain hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam tau nce los ntawm 4.1%mus rau 4.5%, kev faib tawm ntawm Ltalis nce 0.6%mus rau 2.7%, thiab tam sim no Spain muaj 3.5%, tsis yog 2.6%.
Cov neeg xa khoom loj tshaj plaws
Kev lag luam kev loj hlob feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom. Nws yog lawv lub siab xav siv nyiaj ntawm riam phom tshiab thiab cov cuab yeej siv uas ua rau nce kev ua lag luam tag nrho. Xyoo 2011-15, Is Nrias teb (14%ntawm tag nrho cov khoom xa tuaj), Saudi Arabia (7%), Tuam Tshoj (4.7%), United Arab Emirates (4.6%), Australia (3.6%) tau qhia tshwj xeeb hauv qhov teeb meem no.), Qaib ntxhw (3.4%), Pakistan (3.3%), Nyab Laj (2.9%), Asmeskas (2.9%) thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb (2.6%). Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas kaum tus neeg xa khoom loj tshaj suav rau tsuas yog 49% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv. Ib qho ntxiv, kaum tus thawj coj tau dhau qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshaj tsib xyoos dhau los. Qee lub tebchaws poob ntawm nws, thiab lwm lub xeev tau coj lawv qhov chaw.
Cov neeg xa khoom loj thiab lawv cov neeg xa khoom
Is Nrias teb dhau los ua tus xa khoom loj tshaj plaws, suav txog 14% ntawm kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb. Txog kev sib piv, xyoo 2006-10, Cov tub rog Khab khaws cia tsuas yog 8.5% ntawm kev yuav khoom. Russia tseem yog tus xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm riam phom thiab khoom siv rau Is Nrias teb (70%). Qhov chaw thib ob thiab thib peb tau nyob hauv Asmeskas (14%) thiab Israel (4.5%).
Qhov chaw thib ob ntawm cov neeg xa khoom lub sijhawm no tau coj los ntawm Saudi Arabia nrog 7% ntawm kev yuav khoom hauv ntiaj teb. Nws kuj tseem pom kev loj hlob zoo hauv kev siv tub rog, pib ntawm 2.1% hauv 2006-10. Peb qhov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau lub tebchaws no yog raws li hauv qab no: Tebchaws Meskas (46%), Tebchaws Askiv (30%) thiab Spain (5,9%).
Qhov chaw thib peb ntawm cov neeg xa khoom tseem nyob rau Suav teb, uas txo qis kev yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws. Hauv lub sijhawm dhau los, Suav xaj xaj rau 7.1% ntawm kev ua lag luam, tam sim no tsuas yog 4.7%. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj kev txo qis, Tuam Tshoj tseem nyob hauv peb tus neeg yuav khoom saum toj kawg nkaus. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog (59%) Tuam Tshoj tau txais los ntawm Russia. Fabkis thiab Ukraine suav txog 15% thiab 14% ntawm cov khoom siv, feem.
Lub tebchaws United Arab Emirates, nce kev siv nyiaj tiv thaiv, nce nws feem hauv kev yuav khoom hauv ntiaj teb los ntawm 3.9% mus rau 4.6%. Hauv qhov no lawv tau pab los ntawm cov neeg muab khoom loj, uas suav rau feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv: Asmeskas (65%), Fabkis (8, 4%) thiab Ltalis (5,9%).
Kab thib tsib hauv xyoo 2011-15 yog nyob hauv tebchaws Australia, uas nws xaj yog 3.6% ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam. Txog kev sib piv, hauv tsib xyoos dhau los Australian xaj tau suav txog 3.3% ntawm kev lag luam ntim. Cov khoom siv caj npab tseem ceeb rau lub tebchaws no yog Tebchaws Meskas (57%). Spain nyob thib ob (28%), tom qab ntawd Fabkis (7.2%).
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Txawm hais tias txhua qhov nyuaj ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev nom kev tswv, thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam rau caj npab thiab khoom siv tub rog txuas ntxiv mus. Kev loj hlob tam sim no tau mus rau ntau dua 10 xyoo, thiab txog tam sim no tsis muaj lub laj thawj laj thawj yog vim li cas nws thiaj tuaj yeem tso tseg. Hauv qhov no, cov tebchaws muab riam phom txuas ntxiv mus rau kev lag luam, tau txais cov ntawv cog lus tshiab thiab ua tiav cov lus cog tseg uas tau kos npe.
Vim tias tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tseem tuaj yeem pom nyob rau yav dhau los thiab xyoo dhau los ua ntej. Kev ua lag luam tag nrho tab tom loj hlob, thiab kev sib koom ntawm cov tebchaws sib txawv hauv kev muag khoom thiab kev yuav khoom maj mam hloov pauv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov thawj coj xa khoom ntawm kev ua lag luam tau nce lawv cov khoom lag luam, thaum lwm lub xeev yuav tsum muaj kev txaus siab nrog cov ntawv xaj me me.
Raws li hauv kev soj ntsuam xyoo tas los ntawm kev teeb tsa kev lag luam dhau tsib xyoos (2010-2014), daim ntawv tshaj tawm tshiab tam sim qhia pom qhov nthuav dav. Sab saum toj kaum caj npab xa tawm tseem tsis hloov pauv. Thawj ob qhov chaw tsis hloov pauv hlo li, thiab cov tebchaws nyob rau lwm txoj kab tsuas yog hloov chaw raws li kev hloov pauv hauv lawv cov kev lag luam. Ntau qhov kev hloov pauv loj tau tshwm sim dua hauv qhov ntsuas ntawm cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws. Qee lub tebchaws pib tsim kho cov phiaj xwm thiab nce kev siv nyiaj, thaum lwm tus ua tiav lawv thiab txiav nyiaj txiag, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qhov ntsuas. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kaum tus neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws tau hloov pauv tiag tiag hauv ob qho tib si thiab hauv kev txiav txim ntawm cov tebchaws.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 22, SIPRI tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm tshiab txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev lag luam caj npab hauv xyoo 2011-15. Kwv yees li ib hlis, cov kws tshaj lij hauv Swedish yuav tsum ua tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm lag luam tom ntej. Ob peb hlis tom ntej no, Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Stockholm rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb yog tshaj tawm ob peb lwm cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib thooj rau ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv riam phom thiab khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb.
Xovxwm tshaj tawm rau tsab ntawv ceeb toom:
Daim ntawv qhia tag nrho ntawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom:
