Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Jutland, qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tawm, yuav ib txwm nyiam cov neeg nyiam ntawm keeb kwm kev hla hiav txwv. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav txiav txim siab qee qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tua raug ntawm German thiab Askiv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers.
Feem ntau nws tau lees paub tias Askiv tau tua nyob rau hauv Battle of Jutland phem dua li cov neeg German thiab, yog tias peb coj mus rau hauv tus account tsuas yog tus lej dav dav, qhov no yog qhov tseeb. Piv txwv li, raws li Puzyrevsky, Cov neeg German tau siv 3,497 lub foob pob loj thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus (suav nrog 2,324 nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 305 mm thiab 1,173 - 280 mm) tau ua tiav 121 tsoo, uas yog 3.46% ntawm tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm cov foob pob.
Cov neeg Askiv siv li 4,538 lub plhaub hnyav, suav nrog:
1,179 - 381 hli;
42 - 356 hli;
1,533 - 343 hli;
1 784 - 305 hli.
Tab sis tib lub sijhawm lawv ua tiav tsuas yog 100 tsoo, lossis 2, 20%.
Undoubtedly, qhov nruab nrab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm cov fleets yog qhov qhia tau zoo thiab tseem ceeb. Tab sis peb yuav sim rho tawm los ntawm qhov nruab nrab qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tua ntawm ib pab pawg twg lossis pab pawg ntawm cov nkoj: txhawm rau txheeb xyuas seb kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers Beatty thiab Hood, kev sib ntaus sib tua British tshiab tshaj plaws nrog 381-mm Poj huab tais Elizabeth-chav kawm phom, sib ntaus hauv qab hais kom Evan-Thomas, dreadnoughts thiab Jellicoe superdreadnoughts tiv tiag German sib ntaus sib tua thiab sib ntaus sib tua.
Chav Kawm ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Jutland tau piav qhia ntau zaus hauv cov peev txheej, thiab rau ntau lub nkoj tsis yog tsuas yog lub sijhawm tsoo ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lub ntsej muag tau qhia, tab sis kuj yog lub nkoj los ntawm cov kev tsoo no tau ua, nrog rau qhov twg thiab ntawm leej twg lub nkoj no tau tua (thiab ntaus) nws tus kheej. Tau kawg, cov ntaub ntawv no tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg tau kiag li, vim tias ob (lossis ntau dua) cov yeeb ncuab nkoj tuaj yeem tua ntawm ib lub hom phiaj, thiab tom qab ntawd yuav ua li cas nkag siab los ntawm leej twg raws li lub plhaub tuaj? Ib zaug ntxiv, yog tias, piv txwv li, Askiv "Poj huab tais Mary" tau muaj txoj sia nyob, tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov tseeb tsis yog tsuas yog tus naj npawb ntawm kev ntaus hauv nws, tab sis kuj tseem muaj lub ntsej muag zoo li lub plhaub uas tsoo nws. Nws tau paub tias Derflinger thiab Seydlitz tau tua ntawm lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua no. Txij li thawj zaug tau siv riam phom 305-mm, thiab qhov thib ob 280-mm, nws yuav tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tua hluav taws ntawm cov neeg tua rog German. Tab sis poj huab tais Mary tau tawg thiab tuag, yog li tus naj npawb thiab qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm lub plhaub ntaus los ntawm nws tuaj yeem tsuas yog txiav txim los ntawm cov lus piav qhia los ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam los ntawm lwm lub nkoj Askiv thiab German, uas yuav luag tsis raug.
Tsis tshua muaj leej twg yuav tawm tsam tias hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Jutland cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua German tau dhau los ua "tus phab ej hnub" tiag. Nws yog lawv uas tau rhuav tshem peb lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov neeg Askiv, thiab tom qab ntawd, nrog lawv cov kev tawm tsam zoo nyob rau txhua qhov, npog qhov kev khiav tawm ntawm dreadnoughts ntawm lub nkoj loj hiav txwv. Cia peb pib nrog lawv.
Raws li cov peev txheej, tus yeej ntawm cov nkoj ntawm Franz Hipper (nws tau txais lub thib tsib tom qab Jutland) yog nws cov khoom lag luam "Lutzov".
Thaum siv 380 305-mm lub plhaub, tus cruiser ua tiav 19 tsoo, suav nrog 13 tsoo ntawm Beatty flagship Lion, 1 Barham, 2 Invincible thiab Defence armored cruiser 3. Feem pua ntawm hits yog 5, 00 %.
Hauv qhov chaw thib ob yog Derflinger: 385 siv lub plhaub hnyav (tom ntej no, tsuas yog siv lub plhaub loj loj) thiab 16 ntaus, suav nrog Princess Royal - 6, Poj huab tais Mary - 3, Barham - 4 thiab "Invincible" - 3. Feem pua ntawm kev ntaus - 4,16%.
Qhov chaw thib peb - "Von der Tann": 170 lub plhaub thiab 7 qhov tsoo ("Indefatigable" - 5, New Zealand "thiab" Barham " - ib leeg) Tag nrho - 4, 12%.
Tab sis "Moltke" thiab "Seydlitz" rau qhov laj thawj tsis meej pom tias muaj kev phom sij ntau dua.
Muaj qee qhov tsis meej nrog kev siv Moltke lub plhaub - raws li Muzhenikov, nws siv 334 lub plhaub, raws li Puzyrevsky - 359. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser ua 9 tsoo ntawm British Tsov. Kuj ceeb tias, lawv txhua tus tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua (khiav mus rau sab qab teb), thiab nws zoo li tias lub sijhawm no Moltke tau qhia qhov tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog German sib ntaus sib tua. Tab sis vim qee qhov kev pib ci ntsa iab tsis tau txais kev txuas ntxiv: tom qab "Moltke" tsis ua tiav ib zaug ntaus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nkoj. Yog tias Muzhenikov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv cov projectiles raug, tom qab ntawd feem pua ntawm kev ntaus "Moltke" yog 2.69%, yog Puzyrevsky raug, tom qab ntawd 2.51%. Raws li tus neeg sau tsab xov xwm no, Muzhenikov yog qhov tseeb dua.
Kwv yees li tib qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tau ua los ntawm Seidlitz, uas tau siv 376 qhov kev sib tw thiab ua tiav 10 zaug: Poj huab tais Mary - 4, Tsov - 2, Worspeight - 2, Kolos - 2. Feem pua ntawm kev ntaus - 2, 66%.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Cov tub rog German sib ntaus sib tua siv 1645 lub foob pob loj (lossis 1667, yog Puzyrevsky yog qhov raug raws li Moltke lub plhaub) thiab ua tiav 61 qhov tsoo, uas yog 3.71% (lossis 3.69%) ntawm tag nrho cov foob pob tua.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj laj thawj ntseeg tias feem pua ntawm kev tsoo los ntawm Rear Admiral Hipper cov nkoj tau siab dua. Nov yog qhov no: Tom qab txheeb xyuas cov npe raug, peb pom tias Poj huab tais Mary tsuas muaj 7 ntawm lawv (peb los ntawm Derflinger thiab plaub los ntawm Seidlitz). Tab sis cov kev suav no hauv paus tsis sib xws qhov kev xav ntawm cov neeg tim khawv pom, uas tau lees tias los ntawm 15 txog 20 lub foob pob "Poj huab tais Mary". Puzyrevsky hauv nws qhov kev xam pom qhia 15 hits hauv "Poj huab tais Mary". Hauv thawj theem ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, tsuas yog kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm Germans raug tua ntawm cov nkoj Askiv, thaum Seidlitz thiab Derflinger tau tua ntawm poj huab tais Mary. Raws li, nws tuaj yeem xav tias cov nkoj German no ua tiav ntau dua li qhov feem ntau ntseeg.
Yog tias peb xav tias los ntawm 15 txog 20 lub foob pob ua rau poj huab tais Mary, tom qab ntawd cov naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ntaus rog German sib ntaus sib tua nce mus rau 4, 19-4, 50% (nrog kev siv Moltke lub plhaub raws li Puzyrevsky-4, 14-4, 44%).
Nrog lawv cov neeg sib tw, cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua, txhua yam yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws tau pom los ntawm pawg tub rog thib 3 ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers suav nrog Invincible, Tsis hloov pauv thiab tsis sib xws raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Rear Admiral Horace Hood.
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no feem ntau lees txais. "Invincible" thiab "Inflexible" siv ua ke 176 (raws li Puzyrevsky) lossis 198 lub plhaub (raws li Muzhenikov). Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Muzhenikov zoo li muaj kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws (110 lub plhaub - "Invincible" thiab 88 - "Tsis hloov pauv"). Puzyrevsky qhia txog 88 lub plhaub rau txhua tus neeg caij nkoj, ntawm no peb tuaj yeem xav tias ua yuam kev lossis qhov tseeb tias vim tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv raug ntawm kev siv Invincible shells (nws tuag), kev siv cov plhaub rau nws tau ua los ntawm kev sib piv nrog Kev Tsis Txaus Siab. Ua qhov zoo li nws tuaj yeem ua tau, ob qho ntawm cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no tau ua tiav 8 tsoo ntawm Lutz, tab sis nws tsis paub tias kev txhaj tshuaj zoo los ntawm Invincible thiab Tsis Txaus Siab tau muab faib li cas. Yog li ntawd, rau ob lub nkoj no, tsuas yog lawv qhov sib ntaus sib tua feem pua tuaj yeem suav tau, uas yog 4, 04-4, 54%.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Indomiteable raug tshem tawm me ntsis: tau siv 175 qhov kev sib tw, nws ua tiav 5 ntaus - peb hauv Derflinger, ib qho hauv Seidlitz thiab ib qho ntxiv hauv Pommern pre -dreadnought, uas ua rau ntaus feem pua ntawm 2.86 %.
Feem ntau, peb tus tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua, tau siv 351-373 lub foob pob, ua tiav 13 lub foob pob, lossis 3, 49-3, 70% ntawm tag nrho cov foob pob foob pob. Qhov no zoo ib yam nrog cov ntaub ntawv "ua haujlwm" ntawm qhov raug ntawm German kev sib ntaus sib tua (3, 69-3, 71%). Muaj tseeb tiag, peb xav tias Rear Admiral Hipper cov nkoj tau "plam" los ntawm kev ntaus tus poj huab tais Mary, coj lawv mus rau hauv tus lej feem pua ntawm nws cov neeg caij nkoj yog 4, 14-4, 50%. Tab sis ntawm no peb tuaj rau qhov nthuav "lacuna" uas qee yam tau ploj los ntawm ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm sau txog Kev Sib Tw ntawm Jutland.
Qhov tseeb yog tias pawg tub rog thib 3 sib ntaus sib tua tsis yog nyob hauv German sib ntaus sib tua. Muzhenikov sau:
"Ntawm 1750 metres los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 9100 m (cab 49), Invincible thiab Tsis Txaus Ntshai yog thawj zaug qhib hluav taws ntawm German lub nkoj cruisers ntawm pab pawg tshawb nrhiav zaum thib ob, Wiesbaden thiab Pillau, ua rau ob leeg puas tsuaj tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm German lub nkoj cruiser Wiesbaden, lub hom phiaj zoo los ntawm Invincible, ua tiav raug kho los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tua phom loj Danreiter, ua tsis tiav ob leeg ntawm nws lub tsheb, thiab nws ib ntus poob nws nrawm thiab Frankfurt thiab Pillau tau raug puas tsuaj."
Raws li cov neeg tim khawv pom, Wiesbaden raug ntaus los ntawm ob peb lub foob pob hnyav, thiab Pillau tej zaum yuav tau txais ib qho ntaus. Tab sis vim qee qhov lawv tsis raug coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum thib 3. Ntxiv mus, cov hits no tsis suav nrog qhov tshwm sim tag nrho ntawm kev tsoo ntawm lub nkoj British! Lub caij no, peb nrog qhov laj thawj zoo tuaj yeem suav cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Sir Horace Hood ntxiv 3 lossis 4 ntaus hauv German lub nkoj cruisers.
Ua raws li cov lus hais saum toj no, qhov raug tua ntawm Invincible, Tsis hloov pauv thiab Indomitebla yuav tsis zoo txawm tias 3, 49-3, 70% ntawm tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm cov foob pob, tab sis 4, 29 - 4, 84%, uas txawm tias dhau suav cov uas peb "siab tshaj" cov txiaj ntsig ntawm German sib ntaus sib tua cruisers (4, 19-4, 50%)!
Los ntawm txhua qhov saum toj no, nws muaj peev xwm xaus tau tias qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum thib 3 ntawm pawg tub rog tsis zoo li cov neeg tua phom ntawm cov nkoj German ntawm tib chav kawm hauv kev kawm txuj ci zoo. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem hais txog qhov seem ntawm cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua.
Xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tua zaum 1 ntawm pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua, uas suav nrog tag nrho plaub tus neeg Askiv sib ntaus sib tua nqa 343mm rab phom.
Kuj ceeb tias, tab sis, raws li muaj cov ntaub ntawv, ntawm lawv hauv qhov raug tua "Poj huab tais Mary" yog tus coj. Raws li cov neeg soj ntsuam kwv yees, kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser tswj kom tua 150 lub plhaub ua ntej nws tuag, tau ua tiav plaub zaug ntawm Seydlitz. Raws li, qhov feem pua ntawm kev ntaus yog 2.67%, uas ntxhib sib xws rau Moltke. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yog lub nkoj muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws ntawm pab tub rog thib 1 ntawm Askiv kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers sib raug rau lub nkoj uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tib chav kawm ntawm cov neeg German.
Qhov txuas ntxiv yog Ntxhais fuabtais Royal - 230 siv lub plhaub thiab 5 tsoo (peb hauv Lutz thiab ob hauv Seydlitz). Ntaus Tus Nqi 2,17%
Admiral Beatty tus chij, sib ntaus sib tua cruiser Lion hauv Jutland, siv li 326,343-mm zoo li, tab sis ua tiav tsuas yog 5 tsoo, suav nrog: 4 hauv Lutzow thiab ib qho hauv Derflinger. Qhov no muab tus nqi ntaus ntawm 1.53%. Tab sis kev sib cav ntxiv pib. Yog li Muzhenikov taw qhia tias thaum 20.16 cov neeg tua rog Beatty raug rho tawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Margrave thiab Kaiser, ua tiav kev ntaus. Tab sis raws li tib yam Muzhenikov, ntawm txhua tus neeg caij nkoj hauv tebchaws Askiv nrog rab phom 343-mm, tsuas yog Tsov Ntxhuav tua ntawm German kev sib ntaus sib tua, ntsig txog, yog tias muaj kev tsoo, nws yog los ntawm cov chij Beatty.
Tib lub sijhawm, raws li Muzhenikov cov ntaub ntawv, ib qho 343 -mm projectile tau tsoo Margrave rau tag nrho kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis lub sijhawm tseeb ntawm kev ntaus tsis paub - yog li nws muaj peev xwm tias nws tuaj yeem yog lub plhaub los ntawm Tsov Ntxhuav. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseeb ntawm Kaiser hauv cov peev txheej txawv teb chaws ib yam. Ntawm no Muzhenikov sau:
"Raws li Hildebrand [9], Kaiser hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Jutland tsis paub qhov txawv nws tus kheej hauv ib txoj kev twg thiab tsis tau txais kev puas tsuaj; Brayer [5], tau txais ob zaug, tab sis tau rov ceeb toom ntxiv thaum lub Yim Hli."
Raws li cov lus saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem xav tias qhov qhab nia kawg ntawm Lyon tau zoo dua me ntsis thiab nws ua tiav tsis yog 5, tab sis 6, thiab tej zaum txawm tias yog 7 zaug. Hauv qhov no, feem pua ntawm kev tsoo ntawm lub nkoj no tuaj yeem nce mus rau 1, 84 - 2, 15%, tab sis tsis ntau. Thiab nyob rau hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, Tsov nyob hauv qhov tsis pom zoo thib peb.
Thiab, thaum kawg, qhov phem tshaj plaws ntawm 343 -mm cruisers tau pom los ntawm qhov tshiab tshaj plaws "Tsov" - 303 lub plhaub thiab tsuas yog 3 tsoo ("Von der Tann" - 2, "Moltke" - 1), feem pua ntawm kev tsoo tsis nkag siab kiag li 0, 99%.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thawj pab pawg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers hauv Battle of Jutland siv 1,009 lub foob pob thiab ua tiav 17 tsoo (ntseeg tau heev) thiab, tej zaum, ib lossis ob qhov ntxiv - hauv qhov no (nrog 17, 18 thiab 19 tsoo) feem pua ntawm tsoo ntawm cov nkoj Askiv yog 1, 68%, 1.78% lossis 1.88% Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog ib yam tuaj yeem hais tau - Hipper's battlecruisers tau tua tsawg kawg ob zaug kom raug raws li cov nkoj ntawm 1st pab tub rog ntawm Askiv sib ntaus sib tua.
Qhov xwm txheej nrog pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua zaum 2 tsis zoo dua.
"Indefatigable" tuag hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Jutland, thiab ua ntej nws tuag tau tswj kom siv tsuas yog 40 305-mm zoo li. Puzyrevsky muab daim duab sib txawv (180 lub plhaub), tab sis nws tsis txaus ntseeg heev. Qhov tseeb yog tias Von der Tann raug rho tawm ntawm Indefatigeblu, uas nws tau tswj kom siv 52 lub plhaub ntawm Indefatigeblu ua ntej nws tuag. Nws kuj tseem paub tias "Indefatigable" qhib rov qab tua hluav taws nrog qeeb me ntsis, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem xav txog tias nws muaj peev xwm tua 180 lub foob pob hauv teb rau 52 lub foob pob German. Tab sis 40 lub plhaub zoo li ntseeg tau heev.
Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, yog tias cov neeg siv phom loj tsis tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua rau pom feem pua ntawm kev ntaus tsawg kawg ntawm qib 2.5%, tom qab ntawd, siv 40 lub plhaub, lawv yuav ua tiav qhov ntaus thawj, tab sis nws tsis tshwm sim. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem sib cav tau tias "Indefatigable" tsis tuaj yeem qhia qhov lees paub qhov raug tua.
Qhov xwm txheej nrog New Zealand tseem phem dua. Nws siv 420 lub roj teeb tseem ceeb (ntau dua li lwm lub tebchaws Askiv thiab German sib ntaus sib tua hauv Jutland) tab sis tsuas yog tau txais peb lossis plaub zaug. Ntawm no, Muzhenikov twb muaj qhov tsis sib xws - hauv ib kis, nws hais tias muaj 4 zaug tsis tau hais qhia meej tias tus yeeb ncuab twg xa cov foob pob mus rau, tab sis piav qhia txog kev puas tsuaj rau cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua German, nws sau tsuas yog 3 tsoo los ntawm New Zealand hauv Seidlitz. Ntawm qhov tod tes, New Zealand tau paub tias tau tua ntawm Moltke thiab Von der Tann rau ntau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua, thaum Von der Tann raug tsoo los ntawm ib lub plhaub hnyav uas tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau. Tej zaum nws yog New Zealand ntaus?
Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj 4 zaug, New Zealand qhov raug rho tawm haujlwm tsis tshaj 0.95%.
Cov lus xaus twg tuaj yeem kos los ntawm cov lus saum toj no?
Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas raug rau tus kheej tsim thiab txawm tias cov nkoj ib leeg hauv ib qho kev tsim tuaj yeem txawv txav. Qhov thib 3 pab tub rog ntawm Askiv sib ntaus sib tua tau pom sib piv, thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua li tsib tus neeg nto npe German sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Rear Admiral Hipper. Tab sis 1st pawg tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers tau tua tsawg kawg ob zaug tsis zoo ib yam.
Cov lus txhais tib yam tau pom nyob hauv cov tebchaw. Ntawm cov nkoj ntawm pab pawg tshawb nrhiav thawj zaug, qhov ntsuas tau zoo tshaj plaws tau pom los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser "Luttsov" (5%), thiab "Moltke", uas ua rau qhov phem tshaj, tua yuav luag ob zaug li tsis zoo - 2, 51 -2, 69%. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm "343 -mm" British cruisers, "Poj huab tais Mary", muab tus ntaus ntaus ntawm 2.67%, thiab qhov phem tshaj "Tsov" - tsuas yog 0, 99%, uas yog, yuav luag 2, 7 zaug tsis zoo.
