Thaum txiav txim siab txog kev tua raug ntawm cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ob tus neeg sib tw, cia peb txav mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv cov peev txheej hais txog Grand Fleet thiab Hochseeflot dreadnoughts tsis ntau ntxaws ntxaws thiab tsis tso cai tshuaj xyuas hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua lub nkoj. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev txiav txim tuaj yeem kos los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj.
Tau kawm cov lus piav qhia ntawm kev tsoo hauv txhua lub nkoj ntawm tus neeg Askiv, peb tau txais cov hauv qab no (cov lus qhia cov npe ntawm cov nkoj Askiv thiab ntaus lawv los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm Germans)
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm hauv nws, tus naj npawb ntawm kev tsoo ntawm British nkoj yog me ntsis siab dua li qhov tau lees txais (raws li Puzyrevsky) tus nqi. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb, raws li Muzhenikov cov lus piav qhia ntxaws, ib lub plhaub ntaus "Malaya", "Lion", "Tiger" thiab "Princess Royal" dua li Puzyrevsky qhia, thiab ntxiv rau, tom kawg tsis suav nrog kev ntaus hauv "New Zealand" nrog "Von der Tann". Raws li cov lus saum toj no, tsis yog 121, tab sis 126 lub foob pob loj loj tsoo lub nkoj Askiv, suav nrog 69 los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers (piv txwv tias poj huab tais Mary muaj 15 ntaus) thiab 57 los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Ua rau hauv tus account tias German dreadnoughts siv 1,904 lub foob pob hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Jutland, 57 tsoo muab 2.99% ntawm tag nrho cov foob pob tua, tab sis ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Qhov tseeb yog tias ntawm 57 qhov kev kaw kaw, 15 poob rau ntawm lub tsho tiv thaiv tub rog caij nkoj Dub, thiab zaj dab neeg hauv qab no tau tshwm sim rau nws.
Nrog qhov pib ntawm kev tsaus ntuj, cov tub rog caij nkoj, pom tseeb, tau ploj mus thiab, txav mus los ntawm lwm lub nkoj, tau dawm ntawm ib sab ntawm dreadnoughts ntawm High Seas Fleet. Tej zaum, tus neeg caij nkoj xav tias lawv pom lawv lub nkoj, txwv tsis pub nws piav tsis tau vim li cas Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dub, nrhiav tau los ntawm Thuringen thiab Ostfriesland ntawm qhov deb tsawg dua ib mais (tsuas yog 8 kbt), txuas ntxiv mus rau cov neeg German. Ntau lub nkoj German ntaus nws nrog sazu. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj pes tsawg tus sib ntaus sib tua uas tau tua ntawm Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dub, txij li cov peev txheej sib cav sib ceg, tab sis lawv txhua tus pom zoo ib yam: lub nkoj tiv thaiv nkoj tau raug tua los ntawm qee qhov 5, 5 kab, piv txwv li. tsuas yog ib mais xwb. Ntawm qhov deb li no, phom hnyav ntawm Hochseeflotte dreadnoughts tuaj yeem tsoo nrog hluav taws ncaj qha.
"Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dub", qhov tseeb, tau nthuav tawm qhov kev tawm tsam, tso cai rau cov neeg German "nce tus qhab nia" nrog kev siv nyiaj tsawg kawg ntawm lub plhaub. Qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lub nkoj uas muaj phom tua pov tseg, feem ntau yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, vim tias nws tau ua yuav luag nyob ze. Yog lawm, kev tua neeg no tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov tub rog German, thiab txhawm rau sib piv nrog kev ua tiav ntawm lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm Askiv, kev tua ntawm Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dub yuav tsum raug txiav tawm.
Qhov teeb meem tsuas yog tias peb tsis paub tus naj npawb ntawm lub plhaub siv los ntawm British cov tub rog caij nkoj. Nws zoo li tias txhua thib ob lossis thib peb tau tsoo lub hom phiaj, lossis tej zaum cov neeg German raug tua txawm tias zoo dua. Tab sis txawm tias peb xav tias tsuas yog txhua kaum lub plhaub tsoo (uas yog, thaum tua ntawm Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dub, qhov feem pua ntawm kev tsoo tsuas yog 10%), tom qab ntawv hauv qhov no, muaj 150 lub foob pob raug tua rau 15 zaug. Raws li, hauv txhua lwm ntu ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, German dreadnoughts siv 1,754 lub plhaub thiab ua tiav 42 qhov sib tsoo, uas muab qhov nruab nrab heev 2.39%, tab sis qhov tseeb, feem ntau yuav yog, qhov feem pua no tseem qis dua.
Yog li, kev tua raug ntawm German kab ntawm lub dav hlau tsis cuam tshuam qhov kev xav txhua. Lub dreadnoughts tau tua 1, 75 zaug hnyav dua li kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm Rear Admiral Hipper (raws li lawv, qhov feem ntau yuav raug yog 4, 19%). Tej zaum qhov no yog vim muaj xwm txheej phem nyob rau hauv uas kev sib ntaus sib tua yuav tsum tau sib ntaus. Nrog rau kev zam ntawm kev tua ntawm pawg tub rog thib 5 ntawm Evan-Thomas's kev sib ntaus sib tua, hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej Askiv tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev pom kev thiab ntawm German dreadnoughts lawv tuaj yeem tsis zoo cais cov yeeb ncuab. Ob qho kev sib ntaus thawj zaug thiab zaum ob ntawm German thiab Askiv dreadnoughts tau pom los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tsis ntau npaum li cov nkoj Askiv tau pom los ntawm cov nkoj German, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv qhov kev txhaj tshuaj.
Raws li rau cov nkoj Askiv ntawm kab, kev tshuaj xyuas kom ntxaws me ntsis tuaj yeem ua rau lawv ib leeg vim yog qhov sib txawv loj ntawm cov ntsuas phom. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias German 305-mm projectile tau kwv yees li plaub lub hlis hnyav dua 280-mm, nws tseem tsis yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv cov ntaus. Lwm qhov yog British 305-mm, 343-mm thiab 381-mm shells, cov ntaus uas "kuaj pom" zoo dua. Raws li, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov tseeb tua ntawm superdreadnoughts hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov ntsuas ntsuas, piv txwv li rau cov nkoj nqa 381 mm, 343 mm thiab 305 mm cais.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tua German, kev tshuaj xyuas raws li Muzhenikov cov ntaub ntawv muab cov duab zoo me ntsis dua li Puzyrevsky qhia, tab sis qhov tsis sib xws muaj ntau dua. Raws li Puzyrevsky, "Helgoland" thiab "Nassau" tau txais kev ntaus ib zaug, Muzhenikov tsis lees paub ib leeg. Tus sau ntawm kab lus no hauv qhov no ua raws txoj haujlwm ntawm Muzhenikov. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm "Helgoland" - yooj yim vim Muzhenikov cov duab monographs tau ntxaws ntxaws thiab ntxaws thiab yog li ntawd saib kom ntseeg tau ntau dua. Hauv Nassau, nws tuaj yeem xav tias Puzyrevsky ua yuam kev suav qhov kev puas tsuaj rau German dreadnought, uas nws tau txais los ntawm kev sib tsoo nrog cov neeg tua hluav taws Askiv Spitfire, raws li kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev tsoo ntawm British plhaub hnyav.
Nov yog li cas Muzhisnikov piav qhia tom qab ntawm Nassau kev sib tsoo nrog Spitfire:
"Tib lub sijhawm," Nassau "tau txais kev puas tsuaj loj rau hneev kawg. Coj txawv txawv raws li nws yuav zoo li, tab sis lub tshuab tawg ntawm lub nkoj tau ua lub qhov nyob rau sab ntawm lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua - sab nraub qaum tau tawg hauv thaj tsam ntawm 3.5 m hauv qhov ntev, cov kab hauv qab tau khoov, thiab lub tank nws tus kheej raug nias nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, swelled hauv qhov chaw, uas txo nws qhov nrawm mus rau 15 pob."
Thiab ntawm no yog li cas Hubby qhov kev puas tsuaj tau piav qhia:
"Thaum nruab hnub kev sib ntaus sib tua," Nassau "tau txais ib qho kev tsoo los ntawm lub foob pob loj loj (los ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm, nws tsis tau tsim). Hauv nws rab hneev, hauv cov cuab yeej 152-mm saum cov dej, muaj lub qhov 3.5 m dav.
Txij li qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm "Nassau" thiab "Spitfire" yog qhov tsis lees paub, thiab muab qhov tseeb tias Puzyrevsky tsis hais txog kev sib tsoo txhua qhov thaum piav qhia kev puas tsuaj rau "Nassau", nws tuaj yeem xav tias qhov no nws yog Muzhenikov leej twg yog.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsoo "Kaiser" yog qhov tsis sib xws kiag li. Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej, cov peev txheej txawv teb chaws sib cav sib cav ntawm no, tab sis tseem Campbell thiab Brayer lees tias muaj ob qhov kev sib ntaus, thiab Campbell ua rau lawv nyob rau qib 4 ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, thaum tus thawj coj ntawm Hochseeflotte Scheer nthuav tawm nws txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua British kab thib ob. Campbell txawm hais tawm tias qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm lub foob pob tsoo lub nkoj Kaiser yog 305 hli. Tab sis Hildebrand ua tim khawv tias Kaiser tsis raug puas tsuaj hauv Tsov Rog Jutland. Thiab Puzyrevsky thaum kawg tsis meej pem qhov teeb meem, thov tias Kaiser tau txais ib qho tsoo los ntawm lub plhaub 343-mm los ntawm Marlboro-chav sib ntaus sib tua, thaum lub plhaub thib ob ntawm tib lub peev xwm tsis tsoo lub nkoj, tab sis tawg ze thiab ua rau tsuas yog tawg paj tawg.
Txij li cov peev txheej feem ntau vam rau ob qhov kev ntaus, thiab Campbell tseem yuav muaj kev ntseeg tau ntau dua li Puzyrevsky, cia peb nyeem Askiv ob qhov kev ntaus ntawm Kaiser nrog 305-mm caliber.
Puzyrevsky qhia txog kev ntaus mus rau Schleswig-Holstein ua ntej kev ntshai, Muzhenikov mus rau Pommern, tab sis, los ntawm thiab loj, yog tias qhov kev ntaus yeej tshwm sim tiag tiag, tom qab ntawd rau peb qhov kev suav nws tsis tseem ceeb heev uas sib ntaus sib tua lub plhaub.
Kuj tseem muaj qhov sib txawv loj thiab piav tsis tau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Askiv tsoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm Germans. Qhov xwm txheej nrog "Derflinger" yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws - Puzyrevsky tshaj tawm 17 tsoo nrog lub peev xwm loj, tab sis Muzhenikov muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog 21 tsoo, thiab yog li ntawd peb lees txais Muzhenikov cov ntaub ntawv.
Puzyrevsky sau ntawv 4 hits hauv "Von der Tann", thaum Muzhenikov sau txog tsib, sau tseg, txawm li cas los xij, ib qho ntawm lawv tsis paub (yog lub plhaub hnyav, tab sis tsis paub meej). Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej, qhov no tuaj yeem yog New Zealand projectile. Peb muab 5 hits.
Raws li Seydlitz, qhov xwm txheej muaj teeb meem heev, vim hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv hauv cov peev txheej txawv teb chaws - xws li 22, lossis 24 ntaus, tab sis txij li, hais txog Hildebrand thiab Brayer, Muzhenikov muab cov lus piav qhia tsuas yog 22 tsoo, peb yuav tsom mus rau tus lej 22.
Qhov xwm txheej nrog Moltke kuj nyuaj, vim tias tib lub projectile (343 -mm los ntawm Tsov) tau txhais nyob rau hauv ib kis raws li kev ntaus, hauv lwm qhov - raws li qhov sib txawv ze. Tus sau ntawm kab lus no suav nws raws li kev ntaus. Tab sis nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov no yog tus sau phau ntawv dawb huv txoj kev txiav txim siab, txij li kev txiav txim siab tau ua rau qhov laj thawj ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv qab no: "Txij li 2 qhov tuaj yeem tsoo hauv Seydlitz tau raug tshem tawm, cia peb suav qhov no ntaus hauv Moltke." Alas, rau daim duab uas ntseeg tau, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov hauv paus hauv British thiab German cov ntawv khaws tseg, thiab tus sau, hmoov tsis, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo li no.
Cov lus nug tseem nyob txog qhov ntaus ntawm German cruisers Pillau thiab Wiesbaden, thiab vim tias tom kawg raug tua, tsis muaj cov ntawv khaws cia yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau ntawm nws. Hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Jutland, nws tau hais txog ob peb lub foob pob hnyav ntawm cov nkoj no, thiab feem ntau yuav zoo li qhov no tau tshwm sim tiag tiag, tab sis tseem muaj 4 qhov nyeem tawm (peb hauv "Wiesbaden" thiab ib qho hauv "Pillau") yog dua arbitrary Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav no yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua ntawm British dreadnoughts, vim tias pawg thib 3 ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers raug tua ntawm cov nkoj German no.
Kev coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov saum toj no, nws tuaj yeem xav tias tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm kev tsoo ntawm lub nkoj German kuj tseem me dua li qhov lees txais feem ntau - 107 tsoo, thiab tsis yog 101, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua ua tiav 38 ntaus, sib ntaus sib tua - 69 Cov tub rog Askiv tau siv 2,578 lub foob pob, feem, qhov nruab nrab qhov feem pua ntawm kev ntaus yog 2.68%. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem sib cav hais tias, feem ntau, kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv tebchaws Askiv hauv Jutland raug rho tawm haujlwm zoo dua li cov neeg German.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, superdreadnoughts nqa phom 343 mm qhia qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov txaus siab, tsuas yog Marlboro (162 puag ncig) thiab Iron Duke (90 puag ncig) Orion, Monarch thiab Conqueror raug rho tawm haujlwm ntev thiab siv li 51, 53 thiab 57 puag ncig, Benbow thiab "Tanderer" - 40 thiab 37 lub plhaub, thiab qhov seem tsawg muaj sijhawm qhib hluav taws: "Centurion", "King George V", thiab "Ajax" tau tua 19, 9 thiab 6 lub plhaub, feem. Hauv tag nrho, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau siv 524 lub foob pob thiab ua tiav 18 tsoo, feem pua ntawm qhov tau mus txog 3.44%
Dreadnoughts nrog rab phom 381 mm nyob hauv qhov chaw thib ob. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Askiv siv li 1,179 lub plhaub ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm no, thiab cov neeg German nyeem 37 tsoo nrog cov mos txwv no, uas ua rau ntaus tus nqi ntawm 3.44%. Raws li koj paub, plaub lub nkoj zoo li no (Barham, Malaya, Worspair thiab Valiant) ntawm pawg tub rog thib 5, ua haujlwm ua ke nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua Beatty, thaum lwm ob ("Rivenge" thiab "Royal Oak") sib ntaus nrog cov nkoj Jellicoe. Muzhenikov sau hais tias Rivenge ua tiav peb qhov kev ntaus rau Derflinger, thiab Royal Oak - ob rau Derflinger thiab ib qho rau Seidlitz, thaum feem ntau yuav tsis muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm lwm lub nkoj caij nkoj los ntawm cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem tsoo lub hochseeflotte dreadnoughts. Yog li ntawd, hmoov tsis, nws tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kev tua raug ntawm pawg tub rog thib 5.
Nyob rau hauv tus Tsov tus tw, 305-mm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm British fleet "weave". Thaum siv 833 lub plhaub, lawv ua tiav tsuas yog 14 tsoo, uas yog 1.68%.
Zoo, nws yog lub sijhawm los nqis peev.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Jutland, cov neeg German tau siv txog 3,549 lub foob pob thiab ua tiav 126 qhov ntaus, qhov feem pua yog 3.55%. Tab sis tsis suav nrog Black Prince cov txiaj ntsig peb tau txais kwv yees li 3,399 lub plhaub, 111 tsoo thiab 3.27%. Cov neeg Askiv siv 4,420 puag ncig, ua tiav 107 tsoo, uas muab qhov ntaus ntawm 2.42%.
Yog li, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov piv txwv ntawm kev tua raug (2, 42% -3, 27%) yog qee yam zoo dua rau cov neeg Askiv dua li cov kev lees paub feem ntau pom (2, 2% -3, 4%), txawm hais tias, tau kawg, feem pua ntawm German tsoo saum toj no. Raws li kev ntaus nqi ntawm kev tsim thiab cov nkoj ib leeg, nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias nws yog qhov kev xav tsis zoo, yog tias tsuas yog vim muaj qhov ua yuam kev hauv kev txiav txim siab lub nkoj uas tau ua tiav kev tsoo.
Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov kev ntaus nqi tsuas yog qhia ncaj qha rau cov txuj ci ntawm cov tub rog, vim tias qhov feem pua siab ntawm kev ntaus los ntawm ib chav tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev pom zoo thiab nyob nrug deb, thaum lwm chav, uas pom qhov tsis zoo, sib ntaus hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj dua. …
Thaum txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm ib pab pawg ntawm cov nkoj, tus sau feem ntau ua haujlwm nrog ntau qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm kev ntaus, vim qhov sib txawv hauv kev siv cov projectiles hauv cov peev txheej lossis vim tias tsis muaj tus naj npawb ntawm cov hits (rau cov nkoj tuag), tab sis rau qhov ntsuas tus kws sau ntawv siv tus nqi ib leeg- cov uas zoo li nws qhov yuav tshwm sim tshaj plaws.
Qhov ntsuas ntsuas tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Jutland tau qhia los ntawm British thib 3 sib ntaus sib tua cruiser pawg - 4.66%.
Hauv qhov chaw thib ob yog kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm pab pawg tshawb xyuas thawj zaug ntawm Admiral Hipper - 4,19%.
Qhov chaw thib peb yog nyob hauv tebchaws Askiv "343 -mm" superdreadnoughts - 3.44%.
Qhov chaw thib plaub yog "381 -mm" superdreadnoughts ntawm Askiv - 3,14%.
Qhov thib tsib yog coj los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes - 2.39%.
Qhov chaw thib rau rau British 1st sib ntaus sib tua cruiser squadron (343 mm) - 1.78%.
Qhov chaw thib xya tau coj los ntawm Askiv "305 -mm" kev sib ntaus sib tua - 1.68%.
Thiab, thaum kawg, Askiv thib 2 sib ntaus sib tua cruiser squadron (305 -mm) yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thawj zaug los ntawm qhov kawg - 0, 91%.
Raws li rau "kev cais tus kheej", nws yeej los ntawm … British nkoj.
Thawj qhov chaw yog coj los ntawm "Royal Oak". Raws li cov lus piav qhia, nws ua tiav ob zaug hauv Derflinger thiab ib qho hauv Seidlitz, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua tag nrho nws siv tsuas yog 38 lub plhaub, uas ua rau muaj feem pua txaus nyiam - 7, 89%!
Qhov chaw thib ob, pom tseeb, yog ntawm "305-mm" British dreadnought "Colosus" Muaj siv 93 lub plhaub, kev sib ntaus sib tua ua tiav tsib zaug ntawm "Derflinger", uas yog 5.38%
Hauv qhov chaw thib peb yog Hipper's flagship "Lutzov" - 380 siv lub plhaub thiab 19 tsoo, 5%.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib lub nkoj ntxiv uas tuaj yeem tsim nyog rau suav nrog hauv peb sab saum toj - qhov no yog Derflinger. Cov neeg tua rog tau ntseeg tias tau tua 385 qhov kev sib tw, ua tiav 16 zaug. Tab sis tsuas yog 3 tsoo ntawm poj huab tais Mary tau "kaw" rau nws, uas yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg heev, thiab yog qhov tseeb nws ua tiav 6-7 tsoo ntawm lub nkoj Askiv no, tom qab ntawd feem pua ntawm kev ntaus "Derflinger" yuav nce mus rau 4, 94-5, 19%.
Txawm li cas los xij, Kuv xav rov ceeb toom ib qho dhau ib qho dhau ib qho ntawm qhov kev ntaus nqi no thiab rov qab hais tias lwm lub nkoj uas tsis suav nrog hauv qhov ntsuas ntawm qee lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau pom tias yog qhov zoo dua. Piv txwv li, "Von der Tann" ua tiav tsib zaug hauv "Indefatigable" thiab rhuav tshem nws, siv tsuas yog 52 lub plhaub, uas yog, nyob rau lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua no, nws feem pua ntawm kev ntaus yog 9.62%! Tab sis tom qab ntawd lub nkoj yuav tsum mus zigzag, hauv kev sim kom tsis txhob raug tsoo los ntawm cov neeg tuag kaum tsib-nti hauv tebchaws Askiv. Ib qho ntxiv, kev sib ntaus puas tsuaj coj mus rau qhov ua tsis tau ntawm kev tua los ntawm ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb (muaj lub sijhawm thaum tag nrho yim yim 280-mm rab phom tsis ua haujlwm) thiab txhua qhov no tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov raug tua ntxiv ntawm Von der Tann.
Feem ntau hais lus, qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau qhov laj thawj, ntawm qhov uas, ntxiv rau qib kev kawm ntawm cov tub rog loj, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua qhov txawv: muaj cov tswj hwm hluav taws hauv nruab nrab, tus naj npawb thiab qhov zoo ntawm rangefinders, qhov hluav taws kub zoo tswj cov txheej txheem, qhov zoo ntawm cov mos txwv thiab cov phom, qhov kev ncua deb uas lawv raug rho tawm, teeb pom kev zoo thiab pom kev. Kev puas tsuaj rau lub nkoj tua hluav taws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev: qhov ua tau zoo xoom yog ua tiav nrog kev koom tes tsawg kawg plaub lub thoob nyob hauv lub nkoj, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ua kom nrawm yog ua tiav nrog yim, kaum lossis kaum ob lub thoob. Yog li, piv txwv li, "Derflinger" tau tua plaub rab phom ib nrab, thaum lub plaub rab phom tua phom, lwm tus tau rov ntim khoom dua. Raws li, nws tsis muaj txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem xav kom raug qhov qub los ntawm Derflinger thaum pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, thaum nws tau ua haujlwm tiav, thiab mus rau qhov kawg, thaum ob ntawm nws plaub lub yees tau raug coj mus ntsiag to.
Los yog ntawm no, piv txwv li, rangefinders. Nws tau paub tias lub khoos phis tawj rangefinder yog cov cuab yeej siv nyuaj heev, uas xav tau los ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj, ntxiv rau kev txawj ua haujlwm, kuj tseem pom kev zoo hauv ob lub qhov muag. Ntawm "Derflinger" muaj xya qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab lawv tau ua haujlwm nrog lawv zoo li no: lawv ntsuas ntsuas tus yeeb ncuab tag nrho xya, thiab tom qab ntawd xaiv qhov nruab nrab tus nqi, pov tseg cov kev xaiv hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv chav kawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov rangefinders ua tsis tiav, thiab ntsuas qhov tseeb, tau kawg, tau poob.
Los yog, piv txwv li, zoo li "me me" zoo li … av. Cov neeg German, pom tseeb, ua tib zoo kawm paub txog kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Nyij Pooj, suav nrog kev tuag ntau ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias vim yog kev tsim txom tsis zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tsev: cov chaw loj saib, lub ru tsev tsis ua tiav … Lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov teeb meem tau daws teeb meem loj - hauv kev sib ntaus tshwj xeeb "cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kab mob" tau raug tsa, tig lub rooj sib txig sib dhos mus rau hauv chav ua kom zoo nkauj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev soj ntsuam tau ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo ib yam hauv kev tsim rau periscope thiab lub tso suab raj. Nws yog, tsis muaj kev poob siab, kev txiav txim siab paub tab thiab txawj ntse, txawm li cas los xij, raws li tus kws tshaj lij phom loj ntawm Derflinger Georg Haase sau:
“Tam sim no nws nyuaj dua los tswj hluav taws. Lub lens ntawm kuv lub periscope tau tas li paug nrog cov hmoov av thiab cov pa luam yeeb los ntawm cov kav dej. Lub sijhawm zoo li no kuv tau tso tseg rau tus tub ceev xwm qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub hauv ntej-mars. Nws qhia nws cov yeeb nkab ntawm tus yeeb ncuab; tus xub ntawm kuv lub periscope qhia rau kuv txoj haujlwm ntawm nws cov yeeb nkab, thiab cov tsis ua haujlwm nyob hauv nruab nrab lub hom phiaj ua ke nws cov xub nrog tus xub no, thiab yog li peb tau qhia txhua rab phom ntawm tus yeeb ncuab yam tsis pom nws. Tab sis qhov xwm txheej no tsuas yog txoj hauv kev tawm mus ib ntus, thiab lub iav tsom iav tau raug ntxuav tam sim ntawd los ntawm kev tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb tau npaj cov pas, thiab qee zaum nrog lub siab hnyav kuv tau xa kuv qhov kev txiav txim-galvaner mus rau lub ru tsev ntawm lub rooj sib txig kom so lub iav tsom iav."
Yog li, kev tua neeg raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam sib txawv thiab nws yuav luag tsis tshwm sim uas ob tog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj cov xwm txheej sib luag rau kev tua ntawm lawv tus nrog sib ntaus. Tab sis nws yuav nyuaj rau txheeb xyuas lawv hauv txhua qhov ntawm lawv ntau haiv neeg, yog li peb muab peb tus kheej los piav qhia luv luv ntawm cov xwm txheej uas cov tub rog German thiab Askiv tau tawm tsam.
Nws paub zoo tias hauv thawj theem ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua (txij lub sijhawm nws pib ntawm 15.48 txog rau thaum Evan-Thomas tig rov los ntawm Hochseeflotte dreadnoughts ntawm 16.54), teeb pom kev tsis nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm Askiv. Lawv lub nkoj tau tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm lub qab ntug, Cov nkoj German tau tawm tsam qhov keeb kwm ntawm kev tsaus ntuj, thiab qhov no, tau kawg, tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tua hluav taws. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Campbell, nyob rau lub sijhawm no, 44 lub foob pob tsoo lub nkoj Askiv, thiab cov neeg German - tsuas yog 17, thiab qhov piv txwv no tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm teeb pom kev zoo. Feem ntau, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm German kev tshawb nrhiav ntau dua li cov neeg Askiv kuj tau qhia, thiab qhov no yeej muaj tseeb. Tab sis ntawm no yog qhov yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Qhov nrhiav pom ntau yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, tab sis nyob deb ntawm tsuas yog ib feem ntawm kev tswj hwm hluav taws. Hauv cov xyoo ntawd, cov khoos phis tawj sib piv (AVMs) tau siv rau lub hom phiaj no, tso cai, raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov chav kawm, nrawm, thaj tsam, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hom phiaj tus kheej lub nkoj thiab nkoj, los xam qhov loj ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv nyob deb thiab rab phom hom phiaj. cov ces kaum. Tab sis yog tias qee yam paub txog British AVM, tom qab ntawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv me me txog German LMS, thaum muaj pov thawj pom zoo heev (kws sau keeb kwm Askiv Wilson, uas yog hais txog zaj dab neeg ntawm cov kws tua phom loj "Luttsov" Paschen, luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Marine Rundschau") hais tias German MSA tseem poob qis rau cov neeg Askiv.
Nws kuj yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias yog tias Beatty sib ntaus sib tua cruisers tau nruab nrog "9-foot" rangefinders, uas yog qhov ua tau zoo dua li cov neeg German, tom qab ntawd superdreadnoughts "Barham", "Valiant", "Worspite" thiab "Malaya" muaj ntau qhov ntau dua "16-foot" rangefinders (qhov hu ua "puag" raug ntsuas hauv taw, qhov loj dua nws yog, qhov tseeb dua qhov rangefinder) thiab lawv tsis poob ntau rau German optics. Tej zaum, cov khoom siv ntawm "381-mm" superdreadnoughts tsis qis dua li ntawm German kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers, uas txhais tau tias, lwm yam sib npaug, ib tus yuav tsum cia siab tias yuav ua haujlwm tau zoo sib xws.
Tab sis cov xwm txheej tsis sib npaug - ua ntej, qhov kev pab cuam "ua si" tiv thaiv cov neeg Askiv, thiab qhov thib ob, cov thawj coj ntawm qhov kawg German cruisers (Moltke thiab Von der Tann), zoo kawg nkaus nkag siab dab tsi hem lawv lub nkoj nrog ntev ua rau lub foob pob nrog kaum tsib ntiv tes. tsis tu ncua mus zigzag, tsoo qhov taub ntawm cov neeg tua phom Askiv. Tau kawg, qhov xwm txheej no, qhov raug ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua no yuav tsum tau poob qis, tab sis qhov no yog qhov peb pom zoo - Moltke raug rho tawm yuav luag hnyav dua li txhua lub nkoj Hipper, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm Von der Tann tom qab kev poob ntawm Indefatigable sharply txo. Tab sis, dua, nws tsis tuaj yeem sib cav tias qhov ua txhaum tsuas yog lawv "zigzags".
Nws yog qhov txaus siab los ntsuas qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tua ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm peb qhov kev ntaus nqi, lub nkoj ntawm pab pawg thib 3 ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers. Qhov tseeb yog tias feem ntau ntawm lawv cov yeeb yaj kiab tau ua los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 50 kb thiab qis dua. Yog li, "Wiesbaden" thiab "Pillau" tau raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm 49 kbt, kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Hipper kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers kuj tau pib ntawm kwv yees li 50 kbt, tom qab ntawd qhov kev ncua deb tau raug txo ntxiv. Qhov no yog qhov tsawg dua qhov kev ncua deb uas cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua Hipper thiab Beatty tau tawm tsam, tab sis qhov no qhia tau tias thib 3 sib ntaus sib tua cruceriser pab pawg sib ntaus hauv qee qhov "tsev cog khoom" cov xwm txheej piv rau tom kawg?
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txhawm rau txhawm rau kho qhov phom sij loj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas tsis raug (chav kawm / nrawm / nrug) thiab tom qab ntawd, saib qhov poob ntawm koj tus kheej lub plhaub. Tau kawg, nws yog qhov yooj yim los ua qhov no ntawm qhov ze ntawm qhov deb, tab sis ntawm no nws tsis yog tsuas yog thiab tsis ntau npaum li cas uas yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li pom kev. Hauv lwm lo lus, yog, hais, qhov pom kev yog kaum mais, tom qab ntawd lub nkoj yuav tua ntawm lub hom phiaj xya mais deb ntawm nws, zoo dua li ntawm lub hom phiaj nyob deb tsib mais nrog kev pom ntawm tsib mais. Vim hais tias hauv thawj kis, cov phom yuav tua ntawm lub hom phiaj pom tau zoo, thiab hauv qhov thib ob lawv yuav tsis paub qhov txawv, txawm hais tias nws ze dua. Raws li tus thawj coj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser "Tsov" Chetfield, tom qab - tus thawj tub rog, hais tias:
"Hauv 90 kis ntawm 100, qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lub xeev huab cua."
Yog li, pab pawg thib 3 ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers tsuas yog sib ntaus hauv cov xwm txheej thaum pom kev sib txawv ntawm 4 txog 7 mais, nyob ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb thiab kev qhia. Ob lub foob pob ntawm German lub nkoj cruisers thiab pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Hipper lub nkoj tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tus yeeb ncuab raug kuaj pom, uas yog, ntawm qhov txwv ntawm ntau yam. Yog li ntawd, peb tsis muaj laj thawj ntseeg tias lub nkoj ntawm Horace Hood yuav tau ua phem dua li cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua German thiab nyob deb - zoo, tej zaum tsuas yog vim yog "9 -foot" rangefinders tsis zoo rau German optics thiab … tej zaum vim tias ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo 305 -mm phom, tab sis peb yuav tham txog qhov ntawd me ntsis tom qab.
Raws li rau qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm kev tua German dreadnoughts, muaj cov lus piav qhia yooj yim heev, thiab nws txuas nrog qhov tseeb tias hauv ob qho xwm txheej ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm Scheer kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab Jellicoe's dreadnoughts, cov neeg German yeej tsis pom tus yeeb ncuab. Yog tias peb txheeb xyuas qhov txheeb cais, peb yuav pom tias Scheer's dreadnoughts tsoo lub superdreadnoughts ntawm pawg tub rog thib 5, Ntxhais fuabtais Royal, thaum nws mus txog, tab sis Jellicoe kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tau. Qhov tseeb, tsuas yog ib qho ntaus rau Hercules tau sau tseg, thiab qhov seem ntawm kev ntaus ntawm German dreadnoughts poob rau ntawm lub tsho tiv thaiv tub rog tiv thaiv tub rog thiab tiv thaiv.
Scheer ob zaug sib sau ua ke nrog Jellicoe, thiab tau kawg, German kev sib ntaus sib tua tau sim ua qee yam rov qab los, tab sis tua ntawm tus yeeb ncuab uas tsis pom (thiab cov neeg Germans yeej zoo tiag tiag qhov txawv tsuas yog qhov tua ntawm rab phom Askiv) tsis tuaj yeem yog yam twg. Qhov no yog tej zaum qhov txo qis feem pua ntawm kev tsoo ntawm Scheer kev sib ntaus sib tua. Thiab ntxiv rau, zaum kawg, theem plaub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, txhawm rau thim cov tub rog tseem ceeb los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Askiv, Scheer raug yuam kom pov cov nkoj sib ntaus sib tua rau hauv kev tawm tsam Jellicoe. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tom kawg raug tua nrog yuav luag tsis raug cai - lawv tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam rov qab tau ntxiv, tab sis tib lub sijhawm lawv pom lawv los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv tebchaws Askiv zoo heev. Tag nrho cov no tau muab rau Askiv cov tub rog loj tshaj qhov xwm txheej zoo dua li cov uas lawv cov npoj yaig los ntawm Hochseeflotte tau ua.
Raws li rau qhov tsis muaj zog tua ntawm Askiv "305-mm" dreadnoughts, ntawm no peb tuaj yeem hais cov hauv qab no: qhov twg nkoj nrog phom 343-mm tso siab rau tus yeeb ncuab (peb nyeem 13 tsoo ntawm 343-mm "sib ntaus sib tua" zoo li hauv "König "," Grosser Elector "thiab" Margrave "), kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog rab phom 305-mm tsis tuaj yeem nyob txhua qhov chaw. Yog lawm, "305-mm" kev sib ntaus sib tua muab 14 tsoo, tab sis rau leej twg?!
Kaum ib ntawm lawv tau xaus rau hauv Seydlitz thiab Derflinger, uas yog, cov nkoj yuam los ntawm Scheer qhov kev txiav txim kom ze rau cov yeeb ncuab ntawm qhov kev ncua deb. Lwm 2 qhov kev ntaus raug nyeem hauv "Kaiser", tab sis, raws li peb tau hais los saum no, lawv tsis txaus ntseeg: cov hits no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, lossis lawv yog, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv. Ntau dua lossis tsawg dua ntseeg tau, Scheer qhov txaus ntshai tau raug tsoo los ntawm ib lub plhaub 305-mm los ntawm Jellicoe kev sib ntaus sib tua (hauv "Margrave")! Qhov txaus siab, New Zealand kuj "plam" los ntawm kev deb - cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua ua peb tsoo ntawm Seydlitz los ntawm qhov deb tsawg dua 50 kbt.
Nws hloov tawm los ua daim duab nthuav heev. Ntawm qee qhov ntev, qhov tseeb ntawm cov nkoj Askiv nrog 305-mm rab phom zoo li xoom, tab sis sai li sai tau qhov kev nrug deb me me (5-6 mais), lawv dheev dhau los ua cov neeg tua phom zoo! Cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo los ntawm pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua thib 3, qhov txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm Colossus, uas tau tsav 5 txoj kev mus rau hauv Derflinger, tsis tau npaj txhij txog kev tua los ntawm New Zealand …
Thaum tsis muaj lwm yam piv txwv, ib tus yuav xav tias Askiv tsis tau muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tua hluav taws nyob deb, tab sis peb paub tias qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb. Thiab, thaum kawg, lawv txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog 343 mm thiab 381 phom pom tau qhov ua tau zoo heev. Nws tseem tsuas yog xav tias yog rab phom Askiv 305-mm, vim qee qhov laj thawj kev siv, ua rau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov deb ntawm ntau dua 60 kbt.
Qhov no tau lees paub ncaj qha los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Falklands nto moo: Cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua tau ua tiav feem pua zoo ntawm kev ntaus hauv nws, tab sis tsuas yog thaum qhov kev ncua deb rau tus yeeb ncuab raug txo kom tsawg dua 60 kbt. Hauv thawj theem ntawm kev sib ntaus, thaum Sturdy sim sib ntaus ntawm qhov deb, qhov hluav taws kub ntawm nws cov nkoj yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tsis txaus ntseeg. Yog li, "Tsis hloov pauv", tau siv 150 lub plhaub rau "Gneisenau", ua tiav tsuas yog ob qho kev sib tsoo thiab ib qho ze ze.
Xaus qhov kab lus ntawm kab lus no, tus sau ua cov kev xav hauv qab no: hauv nws lub tswv yim, kev qhia zoo ntawm cov neeg tua phom ntawm Askiv thiab German dreadnoughts yog qhov sib piv tau zoo, thiab, nyob hauv cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws, lawv tuaj yeem muab qhov feem pua zoo sib xws. Tab sis "305-mm" British kev sib ntaus sib tua, vim qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm lawv cov phom, tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tua hluav taws zoo nyob deb li ntawm 60 kbt. Cov neeg tua phom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg German tau dhau los ua kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser Hipper, tab sis pawg thib 3 ntawm Hood kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers tsis muaj txoj hauv kev qis dua rau lawv hauv kev qhia, txawm hais tias nws tau poob hauv cov khoom siv (rangefinders thiab phom). Raws li rau 343-mm "Admiral Fischer's miv", yog li, tej zaum, lawv cov neeg tua phom tau kawm tsis zoo, tsis zoo dua li cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Askiv thiab German dreadnoughts.
Xaus.
Cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv:
1. Muzhenikov VB Kev sib ntaus sib tua Helgoland, Ostfriesland, Oldenburg thiab Thuringen. 1907-1921
2. Muzhenikov VB Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kaiser thiab König hom (1909-1918).
3. Tus txiv VB Battlecruisers ntawm Askiv. Tshooj 1-2.
4. Muzhenikov VB Sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees.
5. Tus txiv VB Sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Tshooj 1.
6. Tus txiv VB Cov tub rog caij nkoj Scharnhorst, Gneisenau thiab Blucher (1905-1914).
7. Puzyrevsky K. P. Kev sib ntaus puas tsuaj thiab tuag ntawm cov nkoj hauv Tsov Rog Jutland.
8. Wilson H. Battleships hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. 1914-1918
