Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gotland Lub Rau Hli 19, 1915 Ntu 4. Carfa qhov kev tawm mus

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gotland Lub Rau Hli 19, 1915 Ntu 4. Carfa qhov kev tawm mus
Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gotland Lub Rau Hli 19, 1915 Ntu 4. Carfa qhov kev tawm mus

Video: Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gotland Lub Rau Hli 19, 1915 Ntu 4. Carfa qhov kev tawm mus

Video: Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gotland Lub Rau Hli 19, 1915 Ntu 4. Carfa qhov kev tawm mus
Video: The Canadian Revolution: Explained (Short Animated Documentary) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los, peb tau qhia qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tseem ceeb hauv kev piav qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gotland thaum Lub Rau Hli 19, 1915, tau lees paub hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws. Tam sim no cia peb sim kos ib daim duab zoo ib yam ntawm kev ua ntawm pawg tub rog thib 1 ntawm M. K. Bakhirev thiab kev tshem tawm ntawm Commodore I. Karf (qhov tseeb, nws yuav raug sau "I. Karpf", vim tias lub npe ntawm tus thawj coj German yog Johannes von Karpf, tab sis yav tom ntej peb yuav ua raws li "kev hloov pauv" ntawm nws lub npe paub txog tus neeg nyiam Lavxias ntawm keeb kwm naval).

Thaum 07.30, Lub sijhawm Lavxias, cov neeg German tau pom cov pa luam yeeb, thiab tib lub sijhawm lawv tus kheej tau pom los ntawm tus neeg caij nkoj Bogatyr, uas yog tus thib peb hauv kev thauj mus los ntawm cov nkoj Lavxias. I. Karf tam sim tig mus rau sab hnub poob, nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia ntawm Swedish dej hiav txwv, ua kom nrawm dua thiab hu xov tooj cua "Roon" thiab "Lubeck". Tsib feeb tom qab, thaum 07.35, ntawm tus chij "Admiral Makarov" I. Karf cov nkoj tau txheeb xyuas tias yog "Augsburg", tus neeg caij nkoj ntawm "Undine" cov nkoj hauv chav kawm, uas hauv keeb kwm Lavxias feem ntau hu ua cruisers ntawm "Gazelle" hom) thiab peb tus neeg rhuav tshem. Sai li cov nkoj German tau "piav qhia", M. K. Bakhirev tig tam sim ntawd, coj tus yeeb ncuab mus rau lub kaum sab xis ntawm 40 degrees., Thiab mus txiav nws.

Cov peev txheej hauv German tsis qhia txog qhov nrawm ntawm chav German thaum lub sijhawm sib tham nrog Lavxias, tab sis nws zoo li muaj 17 pob. Nws yog qhov nrawm uas "Augsburg" khaws cia, rov qab los tom qab ua tiav txoj haujlwm, raws li qhia los ntawm I. Karf hauv nws cov duab hluav taws xob, thiab Rengarten xa cov ntaub ntawv no mus rau M. K. Bakhirev. Tsis yog ib lub hauv paus hais txog lub xov tooj cua uas cov kev pabcuam sib txuas lus ntawm Baltic Fleet yuav qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev nrawm ntawm German kev tshem tawm. Nws ua raws li tias chav kawm ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Admiral Makarov tau xam raws tus yeeb ncuab lub kaum xya-pob cyuam nrawm, thiab txij li M. K. Bakhirev muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam cov neeg German, nws tuaj yeem xav tias lawv txuas ntxiv txhawb nqa 17 pob ua ntej pib kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Raws li rau 1st pab tub rog caij nkoj, ua ntej pom tus yeeb ncuab, lawv mus ntawm 19 pob, tab sis hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nws zoo li yog lawv tuav 20. Xws li "ntxiv" ntawm tsuas yog ib lub pob cyuam zoo li coj txawv txawv, thiab nws tuaj yeem yog xav tias cov neeg caij nkoj Lavxias tsis nce lawv qhov nrawm tom qab ntsib nrog cov yeeb ncuab. Tej zaum, mus cuam tshuam, M. K. Bakhirev tau tsim cov pab pawg coob tshaj plaws nrawm, uas, raws li koj paub, yog me ntsis qis dua qhov ceev tshaj plaws ntawm ib tus neeg lub nkoj hauv kev tshem tawm. Thiab qhov twg rau thawj pab pawg tsuas yog yuav tsum yog 19-20 pob.

Nws tsis meej meej thaum lub sijhawm Admiral Makarov qhib hluav taws. Feem ntau yuav yog, txij li lub sijhawm tus yeeb ncuab tau txheeb pom (07.35) thiab txog thaum qhib hluav taws, ob lossis peb feeb dhau los, thiab tej zaum ntau dua, vim tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xaj kom hloov pauv chav kawm thiab ua tiav, txhawm rau nce sab saum toj chij Yog li, feem ntau yuav yog cov phom ntawm tus chij ntawm M. K. Bakhirev pib tham ntawm qhov ntxov tshaj plaws hauv 07.37-07.38, txawm hais tias cov neeg German (G. Rollmann) ntseeg tias nws nyob ntawm 07.32. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv ntawm ob peb feeb hauv qhov xwm txheej sib ntaus yog qhov nkag siab ntau dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li, raws li tuaj yeem txiav txim los ntawm cov ntawv ceeb toom, lawv cov neeg pov npav feem ntau zoo li "tawm" lub sijhawm. Cov neeg tua phom ntawm Lavxias tus chij nkoj ntseeg tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Admiral Makarov thiab Augsburg thaum lub sijhawm qhib hluav taws yog 44 kab.

Cov peev txheej hais tias peb feeb tom qab (nws hloov tawm ntawm 07.40-07.41) "Bayan" nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus, thiab "Oleg" thiab "Bogatyr" pib tua thaum 07.45. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog tiv thaiv tiv thaiv raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm Augsburg, cov tub rog caij nkoj tiv thaiv - ntawm Albatross. Pom tias nws tau tawm tsam los ntawm plaub tus neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias thiab tau poob hauv qab lawv cov hluav taws ntog, thaum 07.45 I. Karf tig lwm 2 rumba rau sab xis. Txiav txim los ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev tswj hwm, M. K. Bakhirev nrhiav pom qhov tig ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thiab tig nws ib puag ncig nws tus kheej, txuas ntxiv ua kom cov nkoj German nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 40 degrees.

Tab sis hauv 15 feeb tom ntej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, los ntawm 07.45 txog 08.00, muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim, lub sijhawm tseeb (thiab txawm tias ua ntu zus) uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim tau. Raws li peb tau hais los lawm, Kev tshem tawm ntawm German tau nrawm, tab sis nws txawv rau txhua lub nkoj German. Cov neeg caij nkoj ntawm "Mainz" chav kawm, uas "Augsburg" koom nrog, tau tsim los ntawm kev xeem txog 26.8 pob. Tus minelayer "Albatross" muaj qhov nrawm tshaj plaws ntawm 20 pob. thiab tej zaum muaj peev xwm txhim kho nws-nws yog lub nkoj me uas tau nkag mus rau kev pabcuam hauv 1908. Cov neeg rhuav tshem ntawm koob, uas yog G-135 koom nrog, pom 26-28 pob, thaum S-141 thiab S -142 " - 30,3 hli Txawm li cas los xij, G. Rollman hais tias lawv qhov nrawm yog 20 pob. G-135 thiab ntxiv me ntsis ntxiv rau lwm ob lub foob pob tawg. Qhov kev ntsuas no ua rau muaj kev ua xyem xyav loj rau ob yam. Ua ntej, nws tsis meej kiag li vim li cas cov qub German puas tsuaj (G-135 nkag rau kev pabcuam thaum Lub Ib Hlis, thiab lwm qhov ob lub nkoj tawg thaum lub Cuaj Hli 1907) tau ntsib qhov kev poob qis no. Qhov thib ob, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev txav ntawm ob sab pom tias cov neeg rhuav tshem tau mus nrawm dua li ntawm 20 pob.

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Hmoov tsis zoo, tus sau tsab xov xwm no tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog txoj haujlwm thiab chav kawm ntawm chav German thiab Lavxias, raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev nrawm ntawm cov nkoj German yuav raug txo kom daws qhov teeb meem tsis yooj yim heev. Peb tsuas paub tias I. Karf qhia hauv nws daim ntawv tshaj tawm qhov nce ntawm qhov deb ntawm 43, 8 txog 49, 2 kab, tab sis G. Rollmann tsis muab lub sijhawm pes tsawg thaum qhov kev ncua deb yog 49, 2 kbt., Hais tsuas yog dab tsi qhov kev ncua deb yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg sib tw thaum lub sijhawm pib tua cov neeg tua hluav taws. Yog tias peb xav tias kev tua neeg tua hluav taws tau ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm 07.50 thiab 07.55, uas zoo li yuav zoo li, nws hloov tawm tias cov nkoj German tau tswj kom nce qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv thiab cov neeg Lavxias nrhiav lawv los ntawm 5, 4 kab hauv 15-20 feeb. Qhov no txhais tau tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Augsburg thiab Admiral Makarov tau nce ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 1, 6-2, 2 pob. Vim li cas ho tsis nrawm dua, vim tias Augsburg muaj ntau dua cov neeg caij nkoj Lavxias nyob rau hauv nrawm los ntawm rau pob? Pom tseeb, qhov tseeb tias cov neeg Lavxias tau hla German, nrog rau kev quab yuam ntawm "Augsburg", uas yuav tsum tau "zigzag" ntawm chav kawm kom tsis txhob npog, muaj qhov cuam tshuam.

Yog li, lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm 07.45 thiab 08.00 zoo li qhov no - "Augsburg" thiab cov neeg rhuav tshem, tau muab tag nrho rau pem hauv ntej txawm tias thaum pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, txuas ntxiv mus kom deb ntawm cov nkoj Lavxias tsis nrawm dua thiab los ntawm qhov qeeb qeeb " Albatross ", uas, ntawm chav kawm, poob qis tom qab (uas zoo kawg nkaus ua ke nrog kev piav qhia ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm G. Rollman). Tab sis yog I. Karf, zoo li, xav txog nws tus kheej txoj kev cawm seej, tom qab ntawd tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog rhuav tshem tau txiav txim siab nws tus kheej yuav tsum sim pab cawm Albatross thiab yog li ntawd tsa lub teeb liab rau kev tua hluav taws.

Qhov tseeb, thiab tsis muaj kev poob siab, tus thawj coj German ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem nkag siab txog qhov kev tua tus kheej ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam thiab tsis maj mus rau qhov ntawd. Txhawm rau kom muaj tsawg kawg ntawm tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub sijhawm los tsoo Lavxias cruisers nrog torpedoes, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom tau ze dua los ntawm lawv los ntawm 15 kab (qhov siab tshaj plaws kev caij nkoj ntau dhau ntawm German lub dav hlau torpedoes uas cov neeg rhuav tshem tau ua riam phom yog kwv yees li 16 kbt.), Hauv txoj hauv kev zoo - los ntawm 10, thiab txoj hauv kev zoo sib xws nrog plaub tus neeg caij nkoj yog, tau kawg, ua rau tuag rau peb tus neeg rhuav tshem. Qhov siab tshaj plaws uas lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog lawv kev tawm tsam thiab tus nqi ntawm lawv txoj kev tuag yog yuam cov neeg Lavxias kom tig mus ib ntus los ntawm Augsburg thiab Albatross txhawm rau txhawm rau tua cov neeg rhuav tshem ntawm kev khiav tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd txuas ntxiv mus raws lub nkoj thiab kuv-loader. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau tawm tsam, thiab ua li ntawd yam tsis tau xaj los ntawm saum toj no.

Raws li tus neeg sau tsab xov xwm no, cov neeg rhuav tshem tau tawm tsam qhov chaw ib puag ncig 07.50 lossis me ntsis tom qab, maj nrawm hla cov nkoj Lavxias, thiab los ntawm 0800 tau mus txog Admiral Makarov txog li 33-38 cov xov tooj (raws li cov peev txheej Lavxias). Qhov tseeb, qhov feem ntau yuav yog 38 kab, thiab daim duab 33 kab, feem ntau yuav tshwm sim los ntawm phau ntawv G. Rollmann, uas qhia tias cov neeg rhuav tshem German tau tawm tsam (raug tua ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias) nyob rau lub sijhawm no thiab txog thaum lawv tawm mus sib ntaus los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 38, 2-32, 8 kab. Nws yuav tsum raug xam tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nrug ntawm cov nkoj ntawm M. K. Bakhirev thiab cov neeg rhuav tshem tom qab, thaum lawv tig tom qab Augsburg thiab hla txoj kev Lavxias, yog li ntawd, tam sim no peb tab tom tham txog 38 kab. Nyob rau ntawm Lavxias cruisers ntawm 07.55 peb txawm tias "pom" cov cim ntawm torpedoes uas dhau ntawm "Admiral Makarov" thiab "Bayan".

Mikhail Koronatovich Bakhirev tau tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam raws nraim qhov nws yuav tsum tau ua. Nws tsis hloov pauv ntawm chav kawm kev sib ntaus thiab tsis tau xaj kom hloov qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 203-mm lossis tsawg kawg 152-mm cov phom loj mus rau cov neeg rhuav tshem-tsuas yog peb-ntiv tes tiv thaiv lub nkoj ua haujlwm "ua haujlwm" rau lawv. Tus thawj coj Lavxias pom tseeb tias Augsburg tau tsoo qhov kev ncua deb, thiab sim muab nws cov phom ntev tshaj plaws los tsoo lub nkoj German. Cov phom peb-ntiv tes ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau ntau dua 500-tuj German cov neeg rhuav tshem. Hauv Tsov Rog-Nyij Pooj Tsov Rog, rab phom ntawm lub peev xwm no tsis tuaj yeem nres txawm tias 350-tuj lub nkoj, txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov hluav taws "hinted" tias kev ua ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem tau pom thiab qee qhov ua rau lawv cov thawj coj tshee hnyo. Cia peb rov hais dua ib zaug ntxiv-twb tau nyob hauv Tsov Rog-Japanese Tsov Rog, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tshem tawm cov neeg tua hluav taws tawm tsam tsuas yog tua hluav taws los ntawm 120-152-mm phom, qhov ntau ntawm German torpedoes ntawm cov nkoj Lavxias tsis tuaj yeem paub, thiab qhov tseeb tias MK Bakhirev txuas ntxiv tuav tus yeeb ncuab ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 40 degrees, taug kev hla I. Karfu thiab tsis siv nws li-ntiv tes los tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, ua tim khawv rau txhua yam, tab sis tsis hais txog kev txaj muag lossis ceeb toom ntau dhau ntawm Lavxias tus thawj coj.

Tab sis I. Karf, zoo li, yooj yim khiav, co nws txhais tes ntawm kev coj ua ntawm kev sib ntaus. Nws tsis tau hais kom cov neeg rhuav tshem mus rau kev tawm tsam, tab sis nws tsis thim nws thaum lawv nkag mus. Hloov chaw, thaum txog 07.55, tsis ntev tom qab pib tawm tsam, thaj ua kom ntseeg tau tias nws txaus los tsoo ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj Lavxias kom plam hauv qab lawv lub qhov ntswg mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv German, I. Karf tig nws lub nkoj sab qaum teb thiab muab xov tooj cua hais. mus rau Albatross »So rau hauv nruab nrab dej Norwegian.

Yuav kom ncaj ncees, tus sau ntawm tsab xov xwm no muaj kev xav tias los ntawm kev tshawb pom ntau ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj Lavxias, I. Karfa raug ntes nrog kev ntshai, thiab nws yooj yim ya taub hau mus rau thaj av Swedish dej. Thiab tom qab ntawd, pom tias nws cov neeg rhuav tshem mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam, nws paub tias lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws tau tig los rau sab qab teb, hla hauv qab lub qhov ntswg ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias, thaum lawv tsis khoom rau kev rhuav tshem kev puas tsuaj. Qhov kev xav ntawm tus sau, tsis ntseeg, tsis yog thiab tsis tuaj yeem yog keeb kwm qhov tseeb. Tab sis muaj pov thawj ncaj qha lees paub qhov kev xav no, peb yuav txiav txim siab lawv hauv qab no.

Yog li, tom qab pib kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem "Augsburg" tau tawm tsam cov lus Lavxias thiab xaj kom "Albatross" txhawm rau hla mus rau hauv cov dej nruab nrab. Thiab ntawm no lwm qhov tsis paub meej ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob deb. Qhov tseeb yog cov peev txheej hauv tebchaws piav qhia txoj hauv kev uas tom qab Augsburg teeb liab mus rau Albatross, cov neeg rhuav tshem German tau tso tseg qhov kev tawm tsam, tig tom qab Augsburg thiab teeb tsa cov pa luam yeeb, uas ib ntus npog ob qho tib si Augsburg thiab Albatross los ntawm hluav taws ntawm cov nkoj Lavxias. Tom qab ntawd M. K. Bakhirev xaj thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj kom "ua raws li lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab," tom qab uas Bogatyr thiab Oleg, uas ua rau nws, tig mus rau sab qaum teb. Raws li qhov kev tswj hwm no, cov neeg caij nkoj Lavxias sib cais - "Admiral Makarov" thiab "Bayan" txuas ntxiv mus nrhiav cov neeg German ntawm lawv txoj kev kawm dhau los, thiab "Bogatyr" thiab "Oleg mus rau sab qaum teb, zoo li yog coj tus yeeb ncuab hauv pincers.

Cov neeg German piav qhia qhov xwm txheej no hauv lwm txoj kev. Hauv lawv qhov kev xav, thaum Augsburg pib ntsais mus rau sab laug thiab muab lub radiogram rau Albatross kom mus rau hauv dej Swedish, cov neeg caij nkoj Lavxias tig mus rau sab qaum teb. Tom qab ntawd tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog rhuav tshem, pom tias nws lub dav hlau tau khiav thiab cov neeg Lavxias tau hloov pauv, suav tias nws lub luag haujlwm tau ua tiav, tso tseg lub foob pob tawg thiab tig tom qab Augsburg. Ntawd yog, qhov sib txawv ntawm German thiab Lavxias version zoo li me me - txawm tias cov neeg rhuav tshem German nres nres tom qab Lavxias cruisers tig mus rau sab qaum teb, lossis ua ntej nws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, pawg tub rog caij nkoj thib 1, raws li peb paub, tsis tau tig mus rau sab qaum teb, tab sis thaum txog 08.00, Bogatyr thiab Oleg tau mus rau ntawd, uas (raws li kev xav) tuaj yeem zoo li cov neeg German raws li tig tag nrho cov tub rog mus rau sab qaum teb.

Raws li tus neeg sau tsab xov xwm no, Cov xwm txheej ntawm Lavxias yog qhov ntseeg tau ntau dua li German, thiab ntawm no yog vim li cas. Qhov tseeb yog tam sim no thaum cov neeg German tso tseg qhov kev tawm tsam thiab pib tso cov pa luam yeeb tawm, lawv muaj kwv yees li 25 kbt sab laug ua ntej hla txoj kev kawm Lavxias. Vim li cas thiaj muaj coob leej? Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum "Bogatyr" thiab "Oleg" tig mus rau sab qaum teb (thaum txog 08.00), lawv tawm los tom qab cov pa luam yeeb thiab pom Albatross tsuas yog thaum 08.10. Cov neeg caij nkoj tau caij nkoj ntawm 19 lossis 20 pob, thiab suav nrog lub sijhawm hloov pauv, lawv yuav tsum tau npog txog ob thiab ib nrab mus rau peb mais mus rau sab qaum teb hauv 10 feeb txij thaum pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Thiab qhov no txhais tau tias nws nyob ntawd (uas yog, ob thiab ib nrab lossis peb mais mus rau sab qaum teb) uas ntug ntawm cov pa luam yeeb pib, yog li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm nws teeb tsa, cov neeg rhuav tshem German tau nyob ntawd.

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Tsuas yog qhov xwm txheej, peb nthuav qhia daim duab coj los ntawm phau ntawv M. A. Petrova "Ob Fights"

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Los ntawm thiab loj, rau kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem nws yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb kiag li seb cov neeg caij nkoj Lavxias tig mus rau sab qaum teb lossis tsis. Nyuaj hais lus, cov neeg Lavxias tau mus rau sab hnub tuaj, Cov neeg German tau hla lawv txoj kev kawm los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb. Puas yog cov neeg Lavxias tig mus rau sab qaum teb? Zoo, nws txaus rau cov neeg rhuav tshem tig mus rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab lawv yuav rov hla hla txoj kev Lavxias. Thaum txog 0800, Lavxias tus neeg caij nkoj thiab cov neeg rhuav tshem German pom lawv tus kheej zoo li yog nyob ntawm qhov siab sib txawv ntawm lub xwmfab, thiab tsis muaj teeb meem sab twg uas cov neeg Lavxias mus, cov neeg German muaj lub sijhawm los tawm tsam, ua raws li cov yeeb ncuab txoj kev kawm. Yog li, tig ntawm Lavxias tus neeg caij nkoj mus rau sab qaum teb, "xav" los ntawm cov neeg German, tsis cuam tshuam txog kev tua neeg tawg rog.

Txawm li cas los xij, tus thawj coj ntawm lub nkoj tua hluav taws flotilla tsis kam tawm tsam. Vim li cas? Dab tsi hloov? Tsuas yog ib yam - nws tau kawm tias tus thawj coj ntawm kev ua haujlwm I. Karf txiav txim siab tso tseg Albatross. Qhov no tau pom meej heev los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Augsburg tau tawm tsam kev caij nkoj ntawm Lavxias thiab muab lub xov tooj cua xaj kom Albatross tawm mus rau dej Swedish. Tab sis hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm nws tsis yooj yim li ntawd los sau qhov laj thawj rau kev txiav txim siab kom nres qhov kev tawm tsam: "Kuv tus thawj coj tam sim ntawd khiav tawm, thiab vim li cas kuv thiaj li phem?" Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qhov txawv txav tshwm sim: tau kawg, tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem German tau muaj qee qib kev ywj pheej thiab muaj txoj cai los ua ntawm nws tus kheej kev txiav txim siab. Tab sis tom qab nws tsa Torpedo Attack teeb liab, Commodore I. Karf tsis nco qab nws. Qhov no txhais tau tias Commodore tau pom zoo nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm nws tus neeg nyob hauv qab thiab ntseeg tias yuav tsum tau tua lub nkoj torpedo. Tus thawj coj hauv flotilla tau txiav txim siab nres qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab nws hloov pauv, zoo li yog qhov tsis zoo rau nws lub tswv yim hais ua ntej lawm … Tau kawg, kev pom zoo tacit tsis yog xaj xaj, tab sis nws tseem yuav zoo rau nrhiav lwm yam laj thawj rau nres kev tawm tsam. Thiab qhov tseeb tias cov neeg Lavxias tsuas yog nyob rau tib lub sijhawm zoo li tau tig mus rau sab qaum teb - dab tsi tsis yog vim li cas? Zoo, yog, qhov tseeb, lawv tig me ntsis tom qab cov neeg rhuav tshem German tau thim tawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab tsis yog ua ntej … ua raws li kev ua.

Kuv nug koj kom nkag siab kom raug - txhua qhov no, tau kawg, yog kev xav thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Tab sis qhov tseeb yog txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum ntawm German cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab kev piav qhia ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Gotland thaum Lub Rau Hli 19, 1915, ua los ntawm G. Rollmann, yooj yim haum rau hauv cov ntawv uas:

1) Cov neeg rhuav tshem German npaj kom tuag ua yeeb yam thiab maj nrawm mus tua tus kheej;

2) Tom qab ntawd, pom tias lawv cov chij tau khiav, lawv tau xaiv ua raws nws tus yam ntxwv;

3) Tom qab ntawd, lawv tau "txaj muag" ntawm lawv txoj kev thim rov qab thiab sim muab lawv cov kev coj ua … eghkm … cia peb hais, ntau "tactical brilliance".

Tus sau ntawm kab lus no tau hla ntau qhov kev xaiv, tab sis cov lus hais txog kev txhob txwm ua kom yuam kev ntawm qhov tseeb hauv German cov ntawv tshaj tawm zoo li qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws. Zoo, cia peb hais cov neeg German xav tias cov neeg Lavxias tau tig mus rau sab qaum teb thiab cov neeg rhuav tshem tau tig mus, tab sis tom qab tag nrho, tsuas yog Bogatyr thiab Oleg tau mus rau sab qaum teb, thiab Admiral Makarov thiab Bayan txuas ntxiv ua raws tib txoj hauv kev. Thiab dab tsi, Cov Neeg German tsis pom qhov no, ua tsawg dua plaub mais ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj Lavxias? Los ntawm txoj kev, Mr. Rollmann "ua si tawm" ntu no tsuas yog qhov ci ntsa iab - qhov tseeb yog tias tom qab Augsburg xov tooj cua tshaj tawm ntawm Albatross, muaj qhov xav tau tiag tiag siv txhua lub sijhawm, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi, yog xov tooj cua "Thov xa cov nkoj hauv qab ". Yog li ntawd, raws li G. Rollman, cov neeg Lavxias, txaus ntshai los ntawm cov nkoj no, dhia mus rau sab qaum teb, tab sis tom qab ntawd ib ntus, lawv cov tub rog caij nkoj tau tig mus rau sab hnub tuaj dua, thiab Bogatyr thiab Oleg txuas ntxiv mus rau tib txoj kev …

Piv txwv tias, qhov tseeb, kev muaj tiag cuam tshuam tsis yog hauv German, tab sis hauv Lavxias cov ntawv tshaj tawm, thiab qhov tseeb M. K. Bakhirev, ntshai tsam nres nres, tig mus rau sab qaum teb thiab tswj txoj kev nws tau piav qhia los ntawm G. Rollman. Tab sis, yog tias nws pom qhov kev hem thawj tseem ceeb hauv lawv, vim li cas nws thiaj tsis xaj kom tua ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem German nrog tsawg kawg rau rab phom 6-nti? Thiab yog tias nws tau ua, vim li cas cov neeg German tsis ua kev zoo siab rau qhov no?

Yog li, cia peb nyob ntawm qhov version uas, tom qab cov neeg rhuav tshem German tau tawm tsam, "Augsburg" rau qee lub sijhawm tau mus tib yam, thiab tom qab ntawd tig mus rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob, hla lub nkoj Lavxias thiab xaj "Albatross txhawm rau hla mus rau hauv cov dej nruab nrab.. Cov neeg rhuav tshem German tau nres nres thiab ua raws lawv cov chij, teeb tsa cov pa luam yeeb. Hauv kev teb, M. K. Bakhirev txuas ntxiv mus tom ntej, tab sis xaj "Bogatyr" thiab "Oleg" ua raws li lawv tus kheej kev txiav txim siab, thiab lawv tig mus rau sab qaum teb … los ntawm txoj kev, vim li cas?

Qhov kev ua no yog ib txwm raug thuam hauv keeb kwm Lavxias. Lawv hais tias tsis txhob "txiav txim siab ze" tus yeeb ncuab thiab "dov tawm" nws, lawv tau pib ua txoj haujlwm nyuaj thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm ob tog. Qhov laj thawj kuj tau suav nrog - kev tiv thaiv thiab muab tso rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab "hauv ob qhov hluav taws kub" yog cov txheej txheem txheej txheem qub, ib yam li kev npog ntawm lub taub hau ntawm kab yeeb ncuab. Thiab yog li cov thawj coj Lavxias, ua dog digists dog digists ntawm lub siab nqig lub siab, tau hem, tsis qhia tawm tswv yim, thiab hloov pauv ua stereotyped, "raws li phau ntawv qhia" …

Cia peb muab peb tus kheej tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub nkoj thib 2 cruiser demi-brigade.

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gotland Lub Rau Hli 19, 1915 Ntu 4. Carfa qhov kev tawm mus
Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gotland Lub Rau Hli 19, 1915 Ntu 4. Carfa qhov kev tawm mus

Nws mus qhov twg? Nws muaj peev xwm, txuas ntxiv mus ua raws cov tub rog caij nkoj ntawm 1st pawg tub rog, "Admiral Makarov" thiab "Bayan" (ntawm daim duab - Xaiv 1), tab sis vim li cas? Ntawm "Bogatyr" thiab "Oleg" lawv yuav tsis tau pom "Albatross" uas lawv tau rho tawm, thiab dab tsi lub nkoj German tab tom ua nyob ntawd tom qab cov pa luam yeeb, tsis muaj leej twg paub. Tab sis li cas, siv qhov pom kev uas lub vijtsam pa taws muab rau nws, nws puas yuav khiav mus rau sab qaum teb, tsoo qhov nrug deb thiab nkaum hauv qhov pos huab kom sim khiav mus rau Libau lossis sim ua kom dhau mus rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv German? Nrhiav nws fistulas tom qab. Thiab, dua li, yog M. K. Bakhirev xav kom nws cov tub rog caij nkoj ua raws nws, nws yuav tsis tsa lub teeb liab tso cai rau lawv ua ntawm nws tus kheej. Dab tsi ntxiv? Tig ncaj mus rau hauv lub qhov quav (Qhov Xaiv 2)? Thiab yog tias cov neeg rhuav tshem German, pom qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus thawj coj Lavxias, tig rov los thiab ntsib cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias sai sai thaum lawv nkag mus haus luam yeeb?

Ntawm no, los ntawm txoj kev, ob tus qauv ntawm qee tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias tau taug zoo - tib yam A. G. Mob tsis tau hais ib lo lus phem hais txog tus thawj coj Askiv ntawm Mediterranean pab tub rog, EB Cunningham, thaum nws tsis txaus siab coj nws pab tub rog mus rau hauv cov pa luam yeeb los ntawm cov neeg Italians hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Calabria (Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum II). Kev sib ntaus sib tua no tseem hu ua "kev sib ntaus ntawm ib lub plhaub", txij li tom qab ntaus ib zaug ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb, cov neeg Italians tau khiav tawm ntawm tshav rog. Tab sis yog tias tus kws saib xyuas tebchaws Askiv tsis tau nkim sijhawm los hla cov pa luam yeeb, tom qab ntawd tsis muaj ib lub plhaub, tab sis muaj coob leej ntawm lawv, tuaj yeem tsoo cov neeg Italians.

Txawm li cas los xij, tus neeg Askiv tau ua raug kiag li - cov yeeb ncuab muaj cov neeg rhuav tshem txaus los npaj Tsushima tiag rau cov nkoj Askiv hnyav hauv cov pa luam yeeb. Thiab tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thib ib nrab ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj tau ua ib yam nkaus hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gotland thaum Lub Rau Hli 19, 1915, thaum nws coj nws cov neeg caij nkoj ncig lub vijtsam luam yeeb. Nws tuaj yeem, tau kawg, yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo thiab nce me ntsis mus rau Albatross, tab sis nws puas tsim nyog muaj kev pheej hmoo poob Bogatyr lossis Oleg? Txhua yam uas tau ntau dua ob npaug ntawm qhov Undine-class cruiser, uas, raws li tus thawj coj Lavxias, nws tau caum? Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov peev txheej hauv tebchaws, thuam cov thawj coj ntawm lub nkoj, tsis zoo li tsis pom tias lawv txoj kev npaj sib tham nrog Albatross coj los ntawm cov pa luam yeeb teeb tsa los ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem. Qhov tseeb, tig mus rau sab qaum teb, hla dhau cov pa luam yeeb, yog lub sijhawm ntawd qhov kev txiav txim siab tsim nyog thiab pom tau zoo heev, tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog thib ob tau coj nws mus, thiab M. K. Bakhirev, tom qab ntawd, tau pom zoo nrog nws.

Tsuas yog lub sijhawm uas tsis xav kom haum rau kev tsim kho saum toj no ntawm cov xwm txheej yog cov peev txheej hauv tsev tau thov tias Augsburg thiab cov neeg rhuav tshem hla txoj kev ntawm Lavxias cruisers ntawm 08.00. Yog tias M. K. Bakhirev khaws cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 40 degrees, qee yam zoo li qhov tsis yooj yim sua. Qhov tseeb yog lub sijhawm pib ntawm kev rhuav tshem, qhov chaw txheeb ze ntawm Admiral Makarov thiab Augsburg yog qhov yooj yim piav qhia siv qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws txoj cai kaum-kaum, ib lub kaum sab xis uas yog 40 degrees, thiab hypotenuse (qhov nruab nrab ntawm Lavxias thiab German chij) yog 49 kab …

Duab
Duab

Pom tseeb, tsis muaj teeb meem qhov twg cov neeg tua hluav taws German tau pib tawm tsam, txhawm rau txiav txoj kev ntawm cov nkoj Lavxias thaum 08.00, thaum nyob rau tib lub sijhawm 33 kab los ntawm lawv, lawv yuav tsum tsawg kawg ib feem peb nrawm dua li cov neeg caij nkoj Lavxias. hauv nrawm (uas yog, txhawm rau txhim kho 24, 7-26 pob), txawm tias lawv tau mus ncaj qha nrog Augsburg thiab txav txoj kev luv tshaj plaws mus rau qhov xav tau. Tab sis lawv tsis mus li ntawd, txij li thaum xub thawj lawv tau sim tawm tsam, uas yog, lawv yuav tau nyob ze rau cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias sai li sai tau. Raws li qhov tseeb, los ntawm txoj haujlwm no, hauv txoj ntsiab cai, nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav cov nkoj Lavxias 33 kab ntawm lawv, yam tsis muaj qhov kom zoo dua hauv kev nrawm, uas txhais tau tias cov ntaub ntawv uas G-135 tsis tuaj yeem mus sai dua tshaj 20 pob yog qhov tsis tseeb. Ib qho ntxiv, yog tias cov neeg rhuav tshem German tau pib tso cov pa luam yeeb ze rau ntawm qhov chaw sib tshuam ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj Lavxias, tom qab ntawd "Bogatyr" thiab "Oleg" uas tig mus rau sab qaum teb yuav tsis xav tau sijhawm ntau (txog 08.10.) txhawm rau, tig mus rau sab qaum teb, rov tua dua ntawm Albatross.

Tom qab pib teeb tsa cov pa luam yeeb (thaum txog 08.00), thawj Albatross thiab tom qab ntawd Augsburg tau zais los ntawm cov neeg tua phom Lavxias rau qee lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd qee lub sijhawm (tej zaum 08.10 08-15 lossis yog li) "Augsburg" thiab cov neeg rhuav tshem txiav cov nkoj hauv Lavxias. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov neeg rhuav tshem tau sib cais los ntawm "Admiral Makarov" los ntawm kwv yees li 33 kab, thiab "Augsburg" los ntawm 50 kab. Tom qab ntawd cov nkoj German tau hloov mus rau lub plhaub sab laug ntawm Lavxias cruisers thiab thaum 08.35 cov neeg sib tw thaum kawg poob ntawm ib leeg.

Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, twb tau ze dua rau 08.00, kev tua ntawm Augsburg poob nws lub ntsiab lus - nws tau hla txoj kev ntawm Lavxias tus neeg caij nkoj hauv lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm 07.55-08.00 thiab tam sim no, txhawm rau ua kom nws nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 40 degrees, Mikhail Koronatovich Bakhirev yuav tsum tig rov los ntawm qhov nkaum tom qab lub pa luam yeeb ntawm Albatross. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, "Augsburg" nyob ntawm qhov txwv qhov pom kev - nws tau cais los ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias los ntawm kwv yees li 50 kbt, ntxiv rau, nws tau nkaum tom qab cov pa luam yeeb. Tu siab nws yuav tsum lees nws, tab sis "Augsburg" tseem tswj tau kom tsis raug tshuaj xyuas, thiab tam sim no txhua yam uas tau tso tseg yog los rhuav tshem "Albatross". "Admiral Makarov" thiab "Bayan" ua raws (kwv yees) mus rau sab hnub tuaj, "Bogatyr thiab" Oleg "- mus rau sab qaum teb. Thaum txog 08.10 ("Admiral Makarov" - ua ntej me ntsis) lawv txhua tus puag ncig cov pa luam yeeb ntawm cov neeg German thiab pom "Albatross". Alas, nws tsis paub meej tias nws nyob deb npaum li cas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd los ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias, tabsis nws tsawg dua 45 kbt.

Thaum 08.20, ob qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim hauv lawv tus kheej txoj kev. 10 feeb tom qab qhib qhov hluav taws (08.10), thawj lub plhaub Lavxias thaum kawg tsoo Albatross, ua rau lub lawj sab saud thiab sab sab hauv lub nraub qaum, tom qab ntawd tus neeg tua tsiaj German raug ntaus tsis tu ncua. G. Rollman piav txog qhov xwm txheej thib ob raws li hauv qab no:

"Augsburg" los ntawm 08.20 txog 08.33 tuaj yeem tua hluav taws ib zaug ntxiv los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus chij, uas nws tau qhib rau nws txhawm rau txhawm rau hloov siab los ntawm Albatross thiab ua rau kev caum qab. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev saib ntawm qhov pom kev sib txawv, suav txij li 5 txog 7 mais, Commodore hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej tau ua raws li kev ceev faj."

Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau pom zoo nrog thawj nqe lus ntawm G. Rollmann, yog tias tsuas yog vim tias tsis muaj ib yam zoo li tau pom los ntawm cov nkoj Lavxias, thiab tus kws sau keeb kwm German tsis tau txiav txim siab tias nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov lub siab tawv tig ntawm Augsburg mus rau yeeb ncuab ntawm daim duab qhia hauv phau ntawv. Tab sis nqe lus thib ob hais txog kev ceev faj ntawm kev ua ntawm I. Karf, yam tsis muaj kev poob siab, yog qhov tseeb. "Augsburg" yog li ua tib zoo tua ntawm Lavxias tus chij rau 13 feeb uas "Admiral Makarov" tsis pom lub foob pob.

Feem ntau yuav zoo, nws zoo li no - thaum "Augsburg" tau khiav mus rau txhua lub ntsej muag, nws tau npog los ntawm cov pa luam yeeb ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem, kom nws tsis pom cov neeg caij nkoj Lavxias. Tom qab ntawd lub nkoj hla lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv cov huab cua, lossis qee qhov xwm txheej huab cua uas txo nws qhov pom kev, thiab poob cov neeg Lavxias los ntawm 08.20. Tom qab ntawd, "Admiral Makarov" (lossis "Bayan") tau pom ntawm tus chij ntawm I. Karf thiab qhib hluav taws rau nws ntawm kev tawm - qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov neeg sib tw tau nce sai thiab thaum 08.33 "Augsburg" nres pom cov yeeb ncuab. Qhov no sib raug zoo heev nrog cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias - Augsburg thiab cov neeg rhuav tshem tsis tau pom ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj ntawm 08.35. Qhov sib txawv hauv ob peb feeb yog ntau tshaj qhov piav qhia los ntawm cov yam ntxwv pom pom (ib sab ntawm lub qab ntug pom tsis zoo dua lwm qhov) lossis los ntawm kev yooj yim puag ncig ntawm lub sijhawm hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tua "Augsburg" tsis tsim nyog muab sau cia cais - zoo, tus yeeb ncuab caij nkoj tau khiav, nws pom tseeb tias nws tau rov tua tib lub sijhawm, yog li dab tsi yog qhov ntawd? Cov lus nug ntawm no tshwm sim tsuas yog rau Commodore I. Karf, uas, pom tseeb, txawm nyob ntawm no me ntsis "dai kom zoo" nws daim ntawv tshaj tawm, nthuav tawm qhov kev tua ntawm kev tawm mus raws li kev ua siab tawv los cuam tshuam tus yeeb ncuab ntawm nws tus kheej.

Ua li ntawd, thaum txog 08.10 tus neeg caij nkoj Lavxias tau tsom mus rau lawv qhov hluav taws kub ntawm Albatross. Kiag txhua tus kws sau ntawv, ob tus neeg hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, tsis pom cov lus zoo rau cov tub rog Lavxias. Hauv lawv lub tswv yim, kev tua neeg tau teeb tsa tsis zoo, cov neeg tua phom Lavxias tau ua tsis tau zoo, thiab feem ntau, kev tua Albatross tau dhau los ua qhov txaj muag loj. Cia peb sim txiav txim seb muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tiag tiag.

Pom zoo: