Hauv kab lus dhau los, peb tau tshuaj xyuas cov qauv tsim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers Derflinger thiab Tiger, thiab, tsis muaj kev poob siab, kev sib piv cov nkoj no yuav tsis siv sijhawm ntau rau peb.
Raws li txoj cai, 635-kg Tsov rog tuaj yeem nkag tau 300 hli ntawm Derflinger txoj siv txoj siv sia siv los ntawm 62 kab, thiab sab saud 270 hli, tej zaum los ntawm 70 kab lossis me ntsis ntxiv, tau kawg, muab tias lawv tsoo lub phom phom ntawm lub kaum ze 90 qib. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb (70-75 kbt), kev tiv thaiv ntsug ntawm Derflinger tiv thaiv tau zoo tiv thaiv "theoretical" (muaj txiaj ntsig zoo) cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom ntawm 343-mm phom ntawm Askiv sib ntaus sib tua cruiser.
Tab sis tsis yog ib txoj siv sia tiv thaiv ib leeg … Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej, daim phiaj npaj rau German sib ntaus sib tua hla Seydlitz suav nrog muaj ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb - kab rov tav ib feem ntawm cov armored lawj tau nyob siab dua li sab saud ntawm "tuab" ib feem ntawm armored siv. Yog li, piv txwv li, hauv tib qho "Seydlitz", sab saud ntawm 300 hli txoj siv sia tiv thaiv kab mob yog (ntawm kev hloov chaw ib txwm muaj) ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1.4 m siab dua ntawm kab dej, thiab kab rov tav ib feem ntawm lub tsho tiv thaiv kab mob - ntawm qhov siab ntawm Raws li, 1.6 m. Raws li, German sib ntaus sib tua cruiser muaj tag nrho "lub qhov rais" nyob rau hauv uas cov yeeb ncuab zoo li, los tsoo lub kab rov tav lossis kab rov tav ntawm lub armored lawj, nws yog txaus kom tho tsuas yog sab saud, 230 mm txoj siv sia tiv thaiv, uas tsis sawv cev rau qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau riam phom-tho 343-mm lub plhaub. Thiab lub tsho tiv thaiv ntawm Seydlitz (suav nrog lub bevels) tsuas yog 30 hli tuab …
Yog li, ntawm Derflinger-class battlecruisers qhov "qhov rai" no "raug tsoo" vim tias sab saud ntawm 300 mm txoj siv tsis yog 20 cm qis dua, tab sis 20 cm siab dua theem ntawm kab rov tav armored lawj. Tau kawg, muab hais tias cov mos txwv tsoo lub nkoj ntawm lub kaum sab xis mus rau lub qab ntuj, tseem muaj ntu seem ntau dua 300 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, tsoo uas, lub plhaub tseem tuaj yeem tsoo lub armored lawj, tab sis tam sim no nws tau tiv thaiv tsis yog 230 hli, tab sis los ntawm 270 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txawm tias 343-hli "cov ris tsho tiv thaiv kab mob" tsis yooj yim li. Thiab muab qhov tseeb tias Derflinger lub bevels tau tiv thaiv tsis yog 30 hli, tab sis los ntawm 50 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, tsis muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas cov tawg ntawm lub plhaub uas tau tawg thaum lub sijhawm hla ntawm 270-300 hli ntawm cov phaj phom yuav nkag mus rau lawv. Tau kawg, 30 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej kab rov tav ntsia zoo tiv thaiv heev thiab yuav tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov tawg ntawm lub plhaub ntawm lub phaj, tab sis lawv tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev tawg (ntxiv rau, ya yuav luag sib luag rau lub lawj).
Hauv lwm lo lus, kev xav, Derflinger qhov kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem kov yeej nrog qhov projectile 343-mm. Thaum 270 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tawg thiab 50 hli tawg tom qab nws, lub bevel tuaj yeem tawg-kev tshuaj ntsuam ua hauv Russia (1922) pom tias 305-356-mm lub plhaub tawg uas tsis tawg rau ntawm cov cuab yeej, tab sis nyob deb ntawm ib ib thiab ib nrab metres, tau lees tias tsuas yog 75 hli tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv. Tab sis qhov no tsuas tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias qhov projectile "dhau" 270 mm cov cuab yeej phom phaj tag nrho thiab tawg ib sab ntawm lub bevel lossis ncaj qha rau nws, tab sis yog qhov projectile tau tawg hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kov yeej 270 mm armor phaj, nws twb dhau lawm tsis ntseeg.
Raws li rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom loj, lub hauv pliaj ntawm Derflinger lub ntsiab qhov siab (270 mm) thiab barbets (260 mm), Askiv kaum peb-thiab-ib-ib nrab-nti 635-kg projectile ntawm qhov deb ntawm 70-75 kbt, yog tias nws tuaj yeem kov yeej, tom qab ntawd nyuaj nyuaj thiab thaum ntaus ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse, ze rau 90 degrees. Qhov twg, ntawm chav kawm, tau nyuaj ntxiv los ntawm cov duab ntawm cov barbets (nws nyuaj heev kom nkag mus rau hauv cov cuab yeej muaj cov duab ntawm lub voj voog ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 degrees).
Yog li, nws hloov tawm tias txawm tias qee qhov "zoo tshaj" cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom loj ntawm 343 mm caliber, cov cuab yeej ntawm Derflinger lub hull, yog tias nws tuaj yeem hla tau ntawm 70-75 kab, tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov txwv ntawm qhov ua tau. Tab sis qhov tseeb yog tias Royal Navy tsis muaj lub plhaub zoo li hauv Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, thiab qhov tseeb, qhov tuab tshaj plaws uas cov tub rog Askiv tswj tau tiv nrog yog 260 hli - thiab tom qab ntawd, nws tsis raug hlais los ntawm 343 -mm, tab sis los ntawm 381-hli plhaub … Raws li, yog tias peb pib tsis yog los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tabular, tab sis los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov mos txwv Askiv, Derflinger kev sau npe rau Tsov ntxhuav thiab Tsov-chav sib ntaus sib tua.
Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tau txhais hais tias Derflinger tsis tuaj yeem tsoo los ntawm rab phom 305-343 mm. Thaum kawg, qhov kev puas tsuaj uas ua rau tuag tib yam "Derflinger" "Lyuttsov" tau raug tua los ntawm 305-mm zoo li los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers "Invincible" thiab (tejzaum nws) "Inflexible" Rear Admiral Horace Hood.
Tab sis, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, qib tsis tau pom dua ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv (rau nkoj ntawm "chav sib ntaus sib tua cruiser" chav kawm) muab "Derflinger" nrog qhov zoo.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm nws, qhov kawg, qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm German kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers tau raug tshem tawm - tsis txaus cov cuab yeej nkag mus thiab cov cuab yeej ua ntawm 280 -mm zoo li. Lub kaum ob-nti projectile tshiab hnyav 405 kg-yuav luag ib lub hlis twg ntau dua 280-mm. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov peev txheej ntawm rab phom nrawm ntawm 280-mm thiab 305-mm phom German yog qhov sib txawv me ntsis, tab sis qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws, qhov txo qis ntawm qhov ncauj qhov ncauj sib piv nrog 280-mm tsuas yog 22 m / s, uas ua ke muab ib qho kev nkag tau zoo dua cov cuab yeej ntawm 305-mm mos txwv. Ntau lossis tsawg dua qhov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lawv tau muab los ntawm 229 mm British armor. Ntawm cuaj tus neeg German 305-mm zoo li tsoo 229 hli daim hlau thaiv daim hlau ntawm txoj siv thiab turrets ntawm cov nkoj hauv tebchaws Askiv, plaub tau hle lub ris tsho tiv thaiv, tab sis ib qho ntawm plaub yam no, txawm hais tias tsis tau puas tsuaj, poob ob lub taub hau thiab lub fuse, thiab, raws li, tsis tau tawg … Yog li, 229 hli daim hlau thaiv daim hlau tuaj yeem "lim" ob feem peb ntawm cov German 305-mm zoo li, thiab qhov no tseem yog qee yam.
Raws li koj paub, "Tsov" tau txais 229 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rau chav boiler thiab chav cav, nrog rau tus yees thiab barbets mus txog qib ntawm lub lawj sab saud. Tab sis nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias txawm tias hauv kev xav, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntu ntawm British cruiser no tsis tau muab tib qib kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv 305-mm German zoo li ntawm Derflinger-chav sib ntaus sib tua cruisers tiv thaiv 343-mm. Zoo, hauv kev coj ua, hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag, ib feem peb ntawm German lub foob pob tau kov yeej 229 hli kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua, thaum 270-300 mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm Derflingers tseem tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus rau 343-hli zoo li.
Ib zaug ntxiv, nws yuav tsum tau hais txog: kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov cuab yeej tsis txhais tau tias lub nkoj tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus. Derflinger thiab nws cov viv ncaus nkoj tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem los ntawm 343mm rab phom loj, tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb, nyuaj dua li ua rau cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Tsov lossis Tsov chav nrog German 305mm rab phom loj.
Txawm hais tias Tsov tus Tsov tus tw 229 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsis tau muab nws nrog qib kev tiv thaiv piv rau German kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser, peb tuaj yeem hais dab tsi txog 127 hli txoj siv thiab 76 mm barbets npog cov kav dej ntawm thawj, thib ob thiab plaub lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua?
Kuv yuav tsum hais tias, thaum poob qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev teev npe ntsug, Tsov, feem ntau, tsis muaj qhov zoo uas tso cai rau nws tsawg kawg ib nrab them rau qhov tsis zoo no. Kev sau kab rov tav ntawm Derflinger thiab Tsov tau sib npaug sib npaug. Kev nrawm ntawm "Tsov" tsuas yog me ntsis dhau nws tus German kev sib tw-28-29 pob tawm tsam, kwv yees li, 27-28 pob. Qhov chaw ntawm tus yees ntawm lub peev xwm tseem ceeb ntawm ob lub nkoj tau nce siab. Raws li peb tau hais lawm, Cov neeg Askiv nyob hauv Tiger project tau ua tib zoo mloog rau kev siv rab phom loj - tab sis yog tias nws muaj peev xwm thiab tiv thaiv (152 mm thiab 152 mm) tam sim no sib raug rau cov neeg German (150 mm txhua, feem), tom qab ntawd qhov chaw tsis muaj hmoo ntawm cov phom loj, uas ua rau muaj kev xav tau lub koom haum tshwj xeeb txoj kab kev kab rov tav rau kev thauj cov mos txwv thiab tsub rau cov phom ua rau rooj plaub puas tsuaj. Peb yuav tsum lees tias Tsov kuj tseem qis dua Derflinger hais txog ntawm cov phom loj nruab nrab.
Feem ntau, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem hais tau. Thawj tiam ntawm cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua, siv riam phom 305-mm, ua pov thawj tsis txaus ntseeg rau German Von der Tann thiab Moltke. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nkoj Askiv ntawm hom "Tsov", vim muaj rab phom loj tshaj plaws 343-mm thiab qee qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, hla "Goeben" thiab "Seydlitz". Kev tsim kho ntawm Derflinger tau rov qab kho qhov xwm txheej uas tau muaj ua ntej pom ntawm 343mm British sib ntaus sib tua, txij li hais txog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm kev ua phem thiab tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo, lub nkoj German tshiab tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb dua rau Tsov Ntxhuav thiab Poj huab tais Mary. Yog tias Askiv nyob hauv Tiger txoj haujlwm tau txhawj xeeb feem ntau nrog kev ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj kev tiv thaiv, muab lub nroog nrog nws tag nrho qhov ntev, suav nrog thaj tsam ntawm lub taub hau loj loj nrog tsawg kawg 229 hli armor thiab ua kom cov bevels los ntawm 25.4 mm mus rau yam tsawg 50 mm, tom qab Tsov, tsis muaj kev poob siab, txawm hais tias nws yuav tsis dhau Derflinger, ib tus tuaj yeem hais txog qee yam ntawm kev sib piv ntawm cov phiaj xwm. Yog li, "Seydlitz", tsis muaj kev poob siab, qis dua "Poj huab tais Mary", tab sis tseem muaj kev sib ntaus nrog nws yog qhov txaus ntshai loj rau cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua. "Poj huab tais Mary" muaj zog dua, tab sis tsis yog kiag li - tab sis thaum muaj kev sib tw ntawm "Tsov" thiab "Derflinger" qhov kawg tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Qhov no tuaj yeem xaus qhov sib piv ntawm "Tsov" thiab "Derflinger", yog tias tsis yog rau "tab sis". Qhov tseeb yog tias tsuas yog xyoo 1912, thaum cov neeg German pib tsim lub Derflinger zoo kawg nkaus, cov neeg Askiv tau tso lub hauv paus rau thawj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm poj huab tais Elizabeth series - qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tso sijhawm tsawg dua 7 lub hlis. Cia saib seb lub nkoj zoo li cas.
Raws li koj paub, raws li txoj haujlwm xyoo 1911, Askiv tau tsim plaub lub nkoj sib ntaus ntawm Iron Duke chav kawm thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser Tiger. Raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm xyoo tom ntej, 1912, nws tau npaj los tsim peb ntxiv "343-mm" superdreadnoughts thiab sib ntaus sib tua cruiser, cov phiaj xwm uas, feem ntau, yuav luag npaj txhij (kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser, los ntawm txoj kev, yog los ua lub nkoj thib ob ntawm chav kawm "Tsov"). Tab sis … zoo li Winston Churchill sau hais tias: "British Navy yeej ib txwm mus thawj chav kawm." Qhov tseeb yog Askiv tau tso 10 lub nkoj sib ntaus thiab 4 lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua nrog rab phom 343-mm, thiab lwm lub tebchaws tau tawm tsam. Nyij Pooj tau hais kom Askiv sib ntaus sib tua cruiser nrog 356-mm cannons, uas yog me ntsis muaj zog dua li Askiv 13.5-nti. Nws tau paub tias Asmeskas dreadnoughts tshiab tseem tau txais 356-mm rab phom loj. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Krupp tau sim ua lub zog thiab tseem ceeb nrog ntau yam qauv ntawm 350-mm rab phom, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau txais los ntawm qhov kev txaus ntshai kawg ntawm hom "Koenig". Raws li qhov no, lub sijhawm tau los rau kev dhia tshiab rau tom ntej. Xav txog dab tsi tshwm sim nrog cov neeg Askiv.
Artillery
Zaj dab neeg ntawm yuav ua li cas Winston Churchill, nrog kev txhawb nqa tag nrho thiab pom zoo los ntawm John Fisher, "thawb dhau" tab ntawm 381-mm dreadnoughts, uas cov phom tseem tsis tau muaj, yog paub zoo. Tsis muaj kev poob siab, yog tias kev siv zog ntawm rab phom Askiv tsis tau ua tiav nrog kev ua tiav thiab 381-mm tsis ua haujlwm, Admiralty yuav tau zaum khov kho hauv lub pas dej, tau tsim cov nkoj uas yuav tsis muaj dab tsi rau caj npab. Txawm li cas los xij, Churchill tau txais txoj hauv kev thiab yeej - rab phom Askiv 15 -nti Askiv tau dhau los ua qhov txuj ci tiag tiag ntawm kev siv phom loj. Kev tawm tsam sab nraud ntawm lub tshuab siv rab phom tshiab tshaj plaws dhau qhov qhuas. Thiab lub zog hluav taws xob…. Lub 381 hli / 42 lub foob pob hluav taws xa 871 kg lub foob pob mus rau hauv dav hlau nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 752 m / s. Ob rab phom loj, tsim los rau hauv kev saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li 343-mm turrets, tau dhau los ua tus qauv kev ntseeg tau. Lub kaum sab xis siab tshaj plaws yog 20 degrees - thaum lub sijhawm tua ntau yog 22 420 m lossis 121 kab - ntau tshaj li txaus rau lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1.
Lub peev xwm tseem ceeb zoo kawg tau ua tiav los ntawm 16 152 mm MK -XII phom nrog rab phom ntev ntawm 45 calibers - qhov kev thuam tsuas yog qhov uas tuaj yeem tsuas yog lawv qhov kev tso kawm qis, uas ua rau casemate nyab nrog dej, tab sis qhov no, feem ntau, yog tus qauv rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov neeg Askiv tsis tau xav txog qhov tsim kom tsim cov mos txwv rau cov neeg raug foob, uas yog vim li cas 152-mm cov mos txwv thiab cov nqi raug pub me ntsis qeeb, uas yuam kom muaj cov mos txwv tseem ceeb khaws cia ncaj qha ntawm cov phom hauv lub casemate.. Qhov txiaj ntsig tau paub - ob lub foob pob German, ib txhij thawb 152 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm "Malaya", ua rau cov nqi hluav taws kub, hluav taws kub (cordite tau hlawv), thiab nplaim taws tau nce saum cov ntoo ntoo. Tag nrho qhov no ua rau neeg xiam oob khab tag thiab ua rau ntau tus neeg tuag. Cov neeg Askiv lawv tus kheej tau txiav txim siab tso cov phom loj nruab nrab yog qhov tsis muaj hmoo tshaj plaws ntawm poj huab tais Elizabeth txoj haujlwm.
Kev tshwj tseg
Yog tias lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm poj huab tais Elizabeth-chav sib ntaus sib tua tsim nyog tau txais cov ntawv zoo tshaj plaws, tom qab ntawd kev tiv thaiv kev ntshai ntawm hom no zoo li tsis meej pem. Ib qho ntxiv, nws cov lus piav qhia, alas, yog kev sib cav sab hauv, yog li tus sau ntawm kab lus no tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov raug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg hauv qab no.
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kab thaiv ntsug "Poj huab tais Elizabeth" yog txoj siv txoj siv sia uas muaj qhov siab ntawm 4, 404 m. Los ntawm sab saud, hla qhov ntev ntawm 1, 21 m, nws tuab yog 152 mm, tom ntej no 2, 28 m muaj 330 hli tuab, thiab ntawm "davhlau ya nyob twg" 0, 914 m txog rau hauv qab ntug, cov cuab yeej tuab yog 203 hli. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv kev hloov pauv ib txwm, txoj siv sia tiv thaiv kab mob yog 1.85 m hauv qab kab dej. Qhov no txhais tau tias qhov loj tshaj plaws, 330 hli ib feem yog nyob ntawm 0.936 m hauv qab dej thiab 1.344 m siab dua saum hiav txwv.
Txoj siv tawv tiv thaiv tau ncab los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm barbet ntawm thawj tus pej thuam ntawm lub peev xwm loj mus rau nruab nrab ntawm barbet ntawm plaub. Ntxiv mus, hauv hneev thiab lub hauv siab, txoj siv txoj hlua khi ua kom nyias, ua ntej mus txog 152 hli, thiab tom qab ntawd mus txog 102 hli, xaus me ntsis ua ntej mus txog lub qia thiab lub qhov taub. Txawm li cas los xij, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias "Poj huab tais Elizabeth" tam sim no "rooj vag" hauv lub cellars ntawm hneev thiab lub tsev siab. Qhov tseeb yog tias, ntxiv rau tiv thaiv ob sab, lawv tau raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev hla, mus ntawm lub kaum sab xis los ntawm txoj siv txoj siv sia loj thiab kaw ntawm barbet. Yog li, kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kav dej ntawm cov yees no muaj ob txheej ntawm 152 mm daim hlau thaiv daim hlau, ib qho uas nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis mus rau lub dav hlau diametrical - xws li kev tiv thaiv "Tsov" thiab "Tsov" tuaj yeem ua npau suav xwb. Ntxiv rau 152 hli txoj kev hla hla, Poj huab tais Elizabeth kuj tseem muaj 102 hli hla hauv hneev thiab lub hauv siab, qhov uas 102 hli ntu ntawm txoj siv txoj siv sia siv tau xaus. Tsis tas li tsim nyog hais yog 51 hli tiv thaiv torpedo bulkhead, uas tseem ua haujlwm tiv thaiv ntxiv rau cov tub rog tub rog.
Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm txoj siv sia tiv thaiv tseem ceeb, Poj huab tais Elizabeth muaj thib ob, txoj siv sia tiv thaiv sab saud, 152 mm tuab, txuas mus rau theem ntawm lub lawj sab saud. Casemate kuj muaj 152 hli tiv thaiv nrog 102-152 mm hla hauv qab. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg, 152-mm daim hlau thaiv daim hlau "sib sau ua ke" mus rau qhov barbette ntawm lub turret thib ob ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Cov phom ntawm 381 hli phom muaj 330 hli daim hlau thaiv pem hauv ntej thiab 229 hli (tej zaum 280 mm) sab phab ntsa, 108 hli - lub ru tsev. Cov barbets mus txog qib ntawm lub lawj sab saud tau raug tiv thaiv los ntawm 254 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog hauv qee qhov chaw (qhov barbette tau sib tshooj los ntawm ib tus neeg nyob sib ze barbette lossis superstructure), uas maj mam ua rau 229 hli thiab 178 hli, thiab hauv qab, sib txawv 152 hli ntawm txoj siv sia - 152 mm thiab 102 mm ntawm armor. Lub log pem hauv ntej tau raug tiv thaiv (raws li ntau qhov chaw) nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov tuab tuab 226-254 mm (lossis 280 mm), tom qab - 152 mm.
Raws li kev tiv thaiv kab hlau rhuav kab rov tav, txhua yam nyuaj heev nrog nws. Ntawm qhov one tes, raws li muaj cov duab kos, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov cuab yeej kab rov tav nyob hauv lub nroog tau muab los ntawm 25 hli lub tsho tiv thaiv nrog cov bevels ntawm tib tuab. Sab nraum lub nroog, lub tsho tiv thaiv muaj 63, 5 -76 mm tom qab thiab 25-32 hli hauv hneev. Ib qho ntxiv, nyob hauv lub nroog, lub lawj sab saud muaj cov tuab tuab sib txawv hauv cov cheeb tsam sib txawv ntawm 32-38-44-51 mm. Lub casemate tseem muaj lub ru tsev 25 hli. Tab sis yog tias cov lus piav qhia saum toj no raug, tom qab ntawd peb los txog qhov kev tiv thaiv kab rov tav ntawm poj huab tais Elizabeth kwv yees li sib npaug ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm chav hlau Duke. Tib lub sijhawm, qee qhov chaw (AA Mikhailov "Poj huab tais Elizabeth-chav sib ntaus sib tua") muaj qhov qhia tias ntawm 381-mm superdreadouts, kev tiv thaiv kab rov tav tsis muaj zog txheeb ze rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov ntawv dhau los.
Feem ntau, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem hais txog kev tiv thaiv cov nkoj ntawm poj huab tais Elizabeth chav kawm. Nws zoo heev (txawm hais tias tsis yog li ntawd kiag li, raws li peb yuav pom hauv qab no) nws tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov koob no los ntawm cov phom ntawm 305 mm phom. Tab sis tus lej ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus (txoj siv hlua khi sab saud, barbets, thiab lwm yam) tsis sawv cev tiv thaiv hnyav tshaj li 356-mm muaj zog, thiab ntau dua li 381-mm zoo li. Hauv qhov kev hwm no, Askiv tau tsim lub nkoj ntxiv, tiv thaiv yam tsis tseem ceeb los ntawm rab phom ntawm lub peev xwm uas nws nqa nws tus kheej.
Fais fab nroj tsuag
Thaum xub thawj, Askiv tau tsim lub siab xav nrog 10 381-mm phom, muab tso rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li ib txwm muaj ntawm "343-mm" superdreadnoughts, thaum lawv qhov nrawm yuav tsum yog 21 pob, zoo rau cov nkoj Askiv. Tab sis lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm 381mm rab phom loj txhais tau hais tias txawm tias muaj yim lub qhov ncauj loj, cov kev sib ntaus sib tua tshiab tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li kaum-rab phom sib ntaus nrog 343 hli rab phom. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov chaw thiab qhov hnyav ntawm qhov "txuag" turret tuaj yeem siv los ua kom lub zog raug tshem tawm thiab ua tiav qhov nrawm ntau dua 21 pob.
Ntawm no nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua qhov me me "lyric" digression. Raws li O. Parkes, kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser poj huab tais Mary, tso rau xyoo 1911, them tus neeg them se Askiv £ 2,078,491. Kos duab. (seb cov phom tau suav nrog tus nqi no, hmoov tsis, tsis tau teev tseg). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib tw dreadnoughts "King George V", tso rau hauv tib lub xyoo 1911, ua ke nrog rab phom, ua rau cov txhab nyiaj hauv tebchaws Askiv nruab nrab ntawm 1,960,000 phaus. rau lub nkoj. Cov Iron Ducs tom ntej raug nqi tsawg dua - 1,890,000 phaus sterling. (txawm hais tias tus nqi yam tsis muaj riam phom tuaj yeem qhia).
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Tsov tig los ua tus nqi kim dua li poj huab tais Mary - O. Chaw Ua Si muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm,5 2,593,100. nrog phom. Raws li lwm qhov chaw, Tsov tsuas yog tus nqi £ 2,100,000. Kos duab. (tab sis tej zaum tsis muaj phom). Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers tau kim dua rau Askiv dua li kev sib ntaus sib tua tib lub sijhawm. Thiab, txawm tias cua daj cua dub lub zog ntawm John Fisher, uas tau pom yuav luag lub nkoj tseem ceeb ntawm cov nkoj hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers, Askiv xav paub ntau thiab ntau dua seb lawv xav tau ultra-kim, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv cov nkoj, uas txaus ntshai heev rau siv nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua dav dav, txoj hauv kev txawm tias tsis nyob hauv kab, tab sis raws li kev ceev nrawm ntawm lub nkoj?
Raws li koj paub, D. Fisher tau tawm ntawm Thawj Tus Thawj Hiav Txwv Tus Tswv thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1910. Thiab Thawj Thawj Hiavtxwv Tshiab Francis Bringgeman thaum kawg tau hais tawm ntau yam uas tau xav txog ntev lawm:
"Yog tias koj txiav txim siab siv nyiaj sai, lub nkoj hnyav hnyav thiab them nyiaj ntau dua li koj li kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo tshaj yog tsim nyog, nws zoo dua los tiv thaiv nws nrog cov cuab yeej hnyav tshaj. Koj yuav tau txais lub nkoj uas tuaj yeem raug nqi ib thiab ib nrab zaug ntau dua li kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis qhov twg los xij tuaj yeem ua txhua yam. Kev nqis peev tus nqi ntawm thawj-chav sib ntaus sib tua hauv lub nkoj uas tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj yog txoj cai tsis raug. Zoo dua los siv cov nyiaj ntxiv thiab muaj yam koj xav tau tiag tiag. Hauv lwm lo lus, kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nrawm, txawm tias tus nqi siab heev."
Los ntawm txoj kev, txawv txaus, tab sis "Poj huab tais Elizabeth" tsis dhau los ua cov nkoj kim - lawv cov nqi nruab nrab nrog riam phom yog 1,960,000 phaus sterling, uas yog, pheej yig dua li kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers.
Txoj hauv kev no tau ntsib nrog kev pom zoo tag nrho ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj, raws li qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau rov tsim kho rau qhov nrawm dua li qhov xav tau yav dhau los. Lub hwj chim nom tswv ntawm poj huab tais Elizabeth lub zog cog cog yuav tsum yog 56,000 hp, uas qhov kev txaus ntshai kawg nrog kev hloov chaw ib txwm ntawm 29,200 tons yuav tsum tsim 23 pob, thiab thaum yuam kom txog 75,000 hp. - 25 nug. Qhov tseeb, lawv qhov nrawm yuav dhau los ua qhov qis me ntsis (txawm hais tias Malaya tsim 25 pob hauv lub sijhawm sim), tab sis nws tseem siab heev, hloov pauv hauv 24, 5-24, 9 pob.
Tau kawg, cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov thee, yog li poj huab tais Elizabeth-chav sib ntaus sib tua yog thawj lub nkoj hnyav hauv tebchaws Askiv kom hloov pauv mus rau roj cua sov. Cov roj cia yog 650 tons (ib txwm muaj) thiab 3400 tons tag nrho, ntxiv rau, tag nrho cov thauj khoom tau muab rau kom muaj 100 tons ntawm cov thee. Raws li qee qhov lus ceeb toom, kev caij nkoj hla 5,000 mais ntawm 12.5 pob.
Feem ntau, txoj haujlwm tau dhau los ua tsis yog tsuas yog ua tiav, tab sis kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsim kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov nkoj, tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "tsuas yog rab phom loj", muaj zog dua li cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua, thiab tau muaj npe tom qab thawj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hom no los ntawm dreadnoughts. Kev qhia txog 343mm rab phom loj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua qhib lub sijhawm superdreadnoughts, tab sis yog li, tom qab ntawd cov nkoj ntawm Poj huab tais Elizabeth chav kawm tuaj yeem raug hu ua "super superdreadnoughts"-lawv tau zoo dua cov nkoj nrog 343-356-mm phom loj yog qhov zoo txaus rau qhov no.
Tab sis qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas peb mob siab rau lub sijhawm ntau rau kev tsim cov no, hauv txhua qhov kev hwm, cov nkoj siab, yog tias lawv yuav tsum tsim "tis nrawm" tsim nyog rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab npog ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov yeeb ncuab kem kev koom tes Ntawd yog, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm poj huab tais Elizabeth chav kawm yuav tsum tau ua ntawm Grand Fleet raws nraim cov haujlwm uas cov nkoj sib ntaus sib tua tau tsim hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Thiab yog li, tom qab ntawd cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua ntawm "Derflinger" yam yuav tsum tau ntsib hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis nrog cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Askiv, lossis theej, tsis yog nrog lawv nkaus xwb. Ua ntej "Derflingers" nthuav tawm qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog poj huab tais Elizabeth pab pawg, thiab qhov no yog yeeb ncuab sib txawv kiag li.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov cuab yeej nkag mus rau ntawm 305-mm phom ntawm German kev sib ntaus sib tua sib txawv me ntsis, txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias qhov me tshaj plaws ntawm lawv, muab hauv "Jutland: Kev Txheeb Xyuas Kev Sib Ntaus" (254 hli ntawm 69 kbt thiab 229 hli ntawm 81 kbt) tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia pom hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua Jutland, lawv saib zoo li me ntsis. Tab sis txawm tias siv lawv rau kev tso cai, peb pom tias tsis yog rab phom loj ntawm lub peev xwm loj, ob lub turret thiab barbets, lossis cov kab dej uas npog los ntawm 330 hli txoj siv sia tiv thaiv kab mob, ntawm tus qauv deb ntawm 75 kbt, feem ntau, tsis tuaj yeem ua rau German lub plhaub (tshwj tsis yog hauv barbet nrog kev muaj hmoo zoo, tawg ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog thiab cov projectile yuav dhau mus, tom qab qhov kawg tau tawg hauv cov txheej txheem tsoo los ntawm cov cuab yeej). Qhov tseeb, tsuas yog German 305 -mm lub plhaub, uas tau hle lub 152 hli txoj siv txoj hlua khi thiab tawg sab hauv lub nkoj, ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai - qhov no, lawv cov khoom tawg yuav muaj lub zog siv hluav taws xob txaus txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau 25 mm lub tsho tiv thaiv thiab puas lub cav thiab chav boiler. German 305-mm projectiles yeej tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los hla cov barbets tag nrho, tab sis muaj lub sijhawm zoo, tsoo lub barbet cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, tho nws nrog kev cuam tshuam ua ke thiab tawg lub zog ntawm qhov projectile. Hauv qhov no, cov tawg tawg liab liab yuav poob rau hauv cov kav xa dej, uas tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj hluav taws zoo, zoo li tau tshwm sim nyob rau tom qab ntawm tus yees ntawm Seydlitz. Cov mos txwv uas poob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Askiv kuj ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj (nco txog hluav taws ntawm Malaya!)
Hauv lwm lo lus, kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nkoj ntawm poj huab tais Elizabeth yam tsis tuaj yeem ua rau rab phom 305-mm-cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no muaj qee qhov "windows", thaum ntaus los ntawm 405-kg, German "riam phom-tho" tuaj yeem ua lag luam. Qhov teeb meem yog tias txawm tias cov tub rog hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm Derflinger - ntu 300 hli ntawm txoj siv sia - tuaj yeem nkag mus (suav) los ntawm 381 mm projectile ntawm qhov deb ntawm 75 kbt. Hauv lwm lo lus, Derflinger cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, uas tiv thaiv lub nkoj tau zoo tiv thaiv 343-hli rab phom loj, tsis "tuav" kaum tsib-nti-riam phom-tho qhov zoo li. Txhawm rau muaj kev zoo siab rau cov neeg German, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom zoo li no hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Jutland ntawm cov neeg Askiv tau qis heev, lawv tuaj yeem tham ntau txog li ib nrab ntawm cov cuab yeej siv phom. Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias yog tias cov neeg tsav nkoj Askiv tau nyob ntawm lawv qhov pov tseg cov cuab yeej ua phom uas tau tsim tom qab raws li txoj haujlwm Greenboy, cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua ntawm pab pawg tshawb nrhiav zaum thib 1 ntawm Admiral Hipper yuav tau raug kev puas tsuaj ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj cov plhaub ua rau hnyav hnyav rau ntawm cov nkoj German.
Tsis muaj kev poob siab, kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm German kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tso cai rau lawv tuav qee lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv hluav taws los ntawm 381-mm rab phom, thiab lawv cov phom loj tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov puas tsuaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm poj huab tais Elizabeth hom. Tab sis feem ntau, hais txog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm lawv cov txuj ci thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo, Derflinger-chav sib ntaus sib tua cruisers, tau kawg, tsis yog qhov sib npaug thiab tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus kev sib ntaus sib tua British ceev. Thiab qhov no coj peb mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau hauv kev ntsuas qhov kawg ntawm kev tsim cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua German.
Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, Derflingers yog cov nkoj zoo nkauj, raws li Askiv lawv tus kheej tau lees paub. O. Chaw Ua Si sau txog lub taub hau cruiser ntawm koob:
Derflinger yog lub nkoj zoo heev uas cov neeg Askiv xav txog."
Kuj tseem tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias hais txog nws cov txiaj ntsig Derflinger tau tso tseg tom qab ob qho tib si Seidlitz, uas ua ntej nws, thiab tag nrho cov kab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv tebchaws Askiv, suav nrog poj huab tais Mary thiab Tsov. Yog li, "Derflinger" yeej yog tus tswv laurels ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej tsov rog sib ntaus sib tua hauv ntiaj teb, thiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm German sib ntaus sib tua cruisers.
Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, Derflinger tseem yog tus neeg phem tshaj plaws hauv German sib ntaus sib tua cruiser, thiab yog vim li cas qhov no yooj yim heev. Kiag txhua tus neeg German sib ntaus sib tua cruisers tau tsim los ua "tis nrawm" nrog cov kab tawm ntawm cov hoheflotte. Thiab txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, los ntawm Von der Tann mus rau Seydlitz suav nrog, tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm no ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Thiab tsuas yog lub nkoj "Derflinger" tsis haum rau qhov no ntxiv lawm, vim tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv "tis nrawm" ntawm Askiv, ua los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm chav kawm "Poj huab tais Elizabeth".
Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias qhov kev xaus no yuav zoo li mus rau qee tus. Tab sis koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias ib lub nkoj twg tsis tau tsim txhua yam txhawm rau hla qee lwm lub nkoj hauv ib lossis ntau tus yam ntxwv, tab sis txhawm rau ua kom tiav nws txoj haujlwm. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws German xav tau cov nkoj muaj peev xwm ua tus "tis nrawm" rau lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm High Seas Fleet. Lawv tau tsim lawv, thiab tom qab ntawd kev faib tawm ntiaj teb tau coj lawv mus rau hauv cov npe ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers. Derflingers tau dhau los ua kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb … tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm Askiv tau tso lub luag haujlwm ntawm "tis nrawm" rau kev sib ntaus sib tua nrawm - chav kawm tshiab ntawm cov nkoj uas sib ntaus sib tua tsis muaj peev xwm tiv taus lawm. Yog li, hochseeflotte tsis tau txais cov cuab yeej nws xav tau, thiab qhov no tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tub rog.
Alas, peb raug yuam kom hais tias xyoo 1912 cov tub rog Askiv xav tias tau txheeb xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas cov nkoj loj uas muaj kev kub ceev ntawm German fleet-tau siv lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ceev, cov Askiv tau mus ua ntej.
