Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav rau Slavic Pomorie

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Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav rau Slavic Pomorie
Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav rau Slavic Pomorie

Video: Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav rau Slavic Pomorie

Video: Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav rau Slavic Pomorie
Video: April 27, 2023 Tub Rog Vam Kaus Poob Qab Tsuas Dim Kev Tuag 1969 - 1972 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav rau Slavic Pomorie
Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav rau Slavic Pomorie

Kev nyuaj siab ntawm Peb Reich. 75 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 10, 1945, Kev Ua Haujlwm Sab Hnub Pomeranian tau pib. Cov tub rog Soviet ntawm Rokossovsky thiab Zhukov tau kov yeej pawg tub rog German Vistula, tso lub tebchaws Slavic thaum ub, coj Danzig thiab nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Baltic. Qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawm tsam German los ntawm Sab Hnub Pomerania tau raug tshem tawm, Cov Tub Rog Liab pib rov los sib sau ua ke hauv Berlin.

Kev hem thawj los ntawm sab qaum teb

Kev tawm tsam ntawm Red Army, uas tau pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis - thaum Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1945, ua rau peb thim tawm ntawm peb cov tub rog mus rau Oder River, txeeb cov choj ntawm nws lub txhab nyiaj sab hnub poob. Ntawm kab no, los ntawm qhov uas nws twb tuaj yeem mus rau Berlin, cov tub rog Soviet tau nres.

Txhawm rau txuas ntxiv qhov kev tawm tsam hauv Berlin cov lus qhia, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los daws ntau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. 1st Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej raws li cov lus txib ntawm Zhukov, uas tsoo dhau qhov ze rau Berlin, tau tawm tsam nrog ib feem ntawm nws cov tub rog tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab thaiv cov tub rog ntawm Poznan, Kustrin, Schneidemühl thiab lwm qhov chaw ruaj khov ntawm Wehrmacht. Thaum pib Lub Ob Hlis 1945, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 1st BF yuav tsum tig mus rau sab qaum teb, mus rau Sab Hnub Pomeranian kev taw qhia. Nyob ntawd, Wehrmacht tau ua kom muaj zog loj los tua lub flank thiab tom qab ntawm pab pawg Berlin ntawm Pab Pawg Liab. Txoj cai flank ntawm 1st BF ncav rau ntau pua kilometers, qhov loj thiab tsis pom qhov sib txawv tsim los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm 1st thiab 2nd Belorussian fronts, thiab Nazis tuaj yeem siv qhov no.

Txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, pab tub rog German khaws nws lub peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua, xa cov tshuab muaj zog thiab muaj zog heev, txawj sib ntaus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, German cov lus txib ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm 1st Byelorussian thiab 1st Ukrainian fronts tau tawm tsam lub zog nyob rau sab qaum teb kev coj los ntawm Glogau-Guben kab hauv Silesia. Ntawd yog, Cov neeg German tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb kom txiav tawm Soviet cov tub rog uas tau maj nrawm rau pem hauv ntej Berlin kev coj, thiab rhuav tshem lawv. Txawm tias ib nrab kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau coj mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua tsov rog thiab tiv thaiv kev hem thawj ntawm cua daj cua dub ntawm Berlin.

Cov lus hais hauv German tau sim ntxiv dag zog rau txoj haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog thib 9 nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm T. Busse, uas tau tiv thaiv hauv Berlin txoj kev taw qhia. Nws tau txhawb ntxiv nrog cov peev txheej, txhawb ntxiv thiab cov tub ceev xwm hauv tsev kawm. Cov Nazis tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv ntawm Oder sai. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 24, 1945, Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Vistula tau tsim los tiv thaiv Berlin cov lus qhia raws li SS Reichsfuehrer Heinrich Himmler hais kom ua. Nws suav nrog pawg tub rog thib 2 thiab 9. Cov tub rog German thib 2 nyob rau hauv kev txib ntawm W. Weiss (txij li Lub Peb Hlis 12 - von Sauken) tau nyob hauv Sab Hnub Tuaj Pomerania, thiab tau tawm tsam sab xis ntawm 1st BF thiab sab laug ntawm 2nd BF. Txog Lub Ob Hlis 10, Pawg Tub Rog German 11 (11th SS Panzer Army) tau tsim, ua haujlwm sab hnub poob ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 2. Tsis tas li ntawd hauv cheeb tsam Stettin yog 3rd Panzer Army ntawm E. Routh (txij li Lub Peb Hlis - von Manteuffel), uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ob qho tib si hauv Berlin thiab Sab Hnub Pomeranian qhia.

Cov tub rog German tau txav mus los ntau heev: Lub tebchaws Yelemes muaj kev sib txuas dav dav ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab txoj kev loj. Tsis tas li, rau kev hloov pauv ntawm pab tub rog, kev sib txuas lus hiav txwv thiab chaw nres nkoj hauv Baltic tau siv. Ntau lub tsev tau pauv los ntawm Courland mus rau Sab Hnub Pomerania txhawm rau txhawb Vistula Army Group. Ib qho ntxiv, German lub dav hlau tau tsim kev sib txuas ntawm cov dav hlau ze rau ntawm lub hauv ntej (Berlin daim kab xev ib kab), uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mloog zoo rau cov rog thiab tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig ib ntus hauv huab cua. Qee hnub, cov neeg German tau tswj hwm huab cua.

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Qhov yuav tsum tau ncua kev tawm tsam ntawm Berlin

Lub sijhawm no, thaum Peb Thib Peb Reich sib sau ua ke txhua lub zog thiab txhais tau tias rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm thaj chaw peev, Soviet cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus tau ntsib lub hom phiaj nyuaj. Cov tub rog ntawm 1st BF thiab 1st UV tau raug mob hnyav hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua dhau los. Tus naj npawb ntawm kev sib faib phom thaum pib lub Ob Hlis tau txo mus rau 5, 5 txhiab tus tib neeg. Cov cuab yeej thiab tso tsheb hlau luam tau raug tsoo tawm. Vim tias tus nqi siab ntawm Vistula-Oder kev ua haujlwm, lub nraub qaum poob tom qab, muab cov tub rog nrog cov mos txwv, roj thiab lwm yam txhais tau tias tsis zoo. Cov tshav dav hlau nyob ze ntawm Oder tau raug puas tsuaj los nag (lawv tsis tau npog). Kuv yuav tsum tau ntsuas nrawm los ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv huab cua.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov rog hauv Berlin kev taw qhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab qaum teb, hloov pauv ib ntus rau ntawm Wehrmacht. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom cua daj cua dub Berlin. Kev npaj tsis zoo ua phem rau German peev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai: kev ua haujlwm tsis tiav, poob ntau, poob sijhawm. Thiab kev nom kev tswv nyuaj. Cov Nazis tuaj yeem qhib pem hauv ntej sab hnub poob thiab cia Anglo-American pab tub rog mus rau Berlin.

Yog li ntawd, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Soviet cov lus txib tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov pib tshem kev hem thawj los ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm pab pawg Berlin ntawm Pab Pawg Liab. Rau lub hom phiaj no, kev tawm tsam tau ua tiav nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Pomerania thiab Silesia, kev puas tsuaj ntawm East Prussian pawg ntawm Wehrmacht tau ua tiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev npaj tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Berlin, kev tawm tsam rau tus choj nyob ntawm Oder.

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Kev swb ntawm pab pawg East Pomeranian

Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 10, 1945, 2nd Belorussian Front nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Rokossovsky tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam sab hnub tuaj Pomeranian pab pawg ntawm Wehrmacht. Cov tub rog ntawm 2nd BF tau rov los ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussian mus rau Sab Hnub Pomeranian. Tab sis plaub pab tub rog ntawm sab xub ntiag (50th, 3rd, 48th thiab 5th Guards Tank) tau pauv mus rau 3rd Belorussian Front. Cov uas tseem tshuav hauv BF thib ob tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua dhau los, thiab Pawg Tub Rog 19th thiab 3rd Panzer Corps, pauv mus rau Rokossovsky los ntawm lub hauv paus chaw khaws cia, tseem tab tom taug kev. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej ntawm peb cov tub rog tau qeeb. Cov hav zoov thiab hav zoov tau pab txhawb rau kev tiv thaiv Nazis. Txog Lub Ob Hlis 19, Soviet cov tub rog tau thawb cov yeeb ncuab 15-40 km deb thiab raug yuam kom nres.

Nws tau pom tseeb tias cov rog ntawm ib thib 2 BF tsis tuaj yeem kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab. Lub hauv paus Soviet tau txiav txim siab koom nrog ib feem ntawm Zhukov cov rog thiab Baltic Fleet hauv kev ua haujlwm. Lub caij no, Nazis tau sim txeeb txoj haujlwm. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 17, 1945, Cov Neeg German tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam los ntawm thaj chaw Stargard tawm tsam pab tub rog ntawm sab qaum teb tis ntawm 1st BF. Peb cov tub rog thawb 10 km deb. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau tawg rau thaj av Slavic thaum ub. Zhukov cov tub rog tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam thiab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1 tsoo sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Stargard ntawm Kohlberg. Txawm tias ua ntej dhau los, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24, cov tub rog ntawm Rokossovsky ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau Nazis los ntawm thaj chaw Linde mus rau Köslin (Kozlin). Cov tub rog Soviet tau faib cov yeeb ncuab ua pawg thiab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 5 mus txog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Baltic hauv cheeb tsam Köslin, Kolberg thiab Treptow. Kohlberg tau raug kaw. Pawg German Sab Hnub Pomeranian raug txiav ua tej daim. Cov tub rog German thib 2 tau swb thiab raug xa rov qab mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj av. Cov tub rog German thib 11 tau swb thiab tawg, thiab rov qab los rau Oder. Qhov kev hem thawj rau lub flank ntawm 1st BF tau raug tshem tawm.

Tom qab mus txog Baltic, Rokossovsky cov tub rog tau tig lawv lub xub ntiag mus rau sab hnub tuaj txhawm rau ua kom tiav thib ob pab tub rog German, uas tau ploj kev sib cuag hauv av nrog rau lwm pab pawg German, kom tshem tawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Pomerania los ntawm Nazis, nrog rau thaum ub Polish nroog ntawm Gdynia thiab Gdansk (Danzig). Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no sai, 2nd BF tau txhawb nqa los ntawm 2nd Guards Tank Army ntawm Katukov los ntawm 1st BF. Cov neeg tiv thaiv lub tank yuav tsum mus rau Gdynia. Zhukov cov tub rog tau nce mus rau sab hnub poob, mus txog qis dua ntawm Oder (los ntawm lub qhov ncauj mus rau Tseden), txhawm rau kov yeej pawg tub rog German thib 11 thiab nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Pomorie. Tom qab ntawd, txoj cai tis ntawm 1st BF rov tsom mus rau Berlin kev coj. Kev tsim cov tank tau thim rov qab los txhawm rau ntxiv thiab npaj rau qhov kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus rau Berlin.

Cov lus txib German, txawm hais tias swb thiab poob hnyav, txuas ntxiv muab kev tawm tsam ruaj khov. Cov tub rog thib 2 tseem muaj cov tub rog loj (19 kev sib faib, suav nrog 2 lub tsheb sib faib), tau npaj txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem ua tau, txhua lub nraub qaum, cov chav tshwj xeeb thiab cov pab pawg me, thiab cov tub rog. Kev qhuab qhia hauv cov tub rog tau rov qab los thiab tswj hwm los ntawm txoj kev phem tshaj. Cov tub rog thib 11 tau nyob rau qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj, swb thiab tawg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau sab hnub poob, Nazis tau mob siab rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib tus neeg nyob sib ze, uas lawv tau dhau los ua cov chaw tiv thaiv muaj zog. Kev nrawm ntawm kev tawm tsam Soviet tsis tau tso cai rau cov neeg German siv chav nyob ntawm pab tub rog thib 3 Panzer txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv hauv Pomerania. Yog li ntawd, chav nyob ntawm pab tub rog 11 tau raug tshem tawm dhau ntawm Oder, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho txoj kab tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv lub chaw lag luam loj ntawm Stettin, yog li lawv txiav txim siab khaws Altdam.

Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 6, Rokossovsky cov tub rog rov pib ua phem rau lawv. Hauv thawj hnub, cov neeg tiv thaiv German tau raug nyiag. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 8, peb cov tub rog tau coj lub chaw lag luam loj ntawm Stolp - lub nroog loj thib ob hauv Pomerania tom qab Stettin. Stolpmünde kuj tau ua nrog qhov xav tsis thoob. Cov neeg German, zais tom qab cov neeg tiv thaiv tom qab, thiab tawm tsam rov qab ntawm cov kab nruab nrab (tshwj xeeb yog kev tiv thaiv muaj zog nyob ntawm sab xis ntawm 2 BF), thim cov tub rog mus rau txoj haujlwm muaj zog ntawm Gdynia-Gdansk thaj tsam muaj zog. Raws li Nazis thim rov qab, lawv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua tau dhau los ua ntom ntom thiab tiv taus ntau ntxiv. Kev nrawm ntawm kev txav ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tau poob qis. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 13, peb cov tub rog tau mus txog thaj tsam Gdynia thiab Gdansk, qhov chaw uas Nazis tau tawm tsam hnyav rov qab mus txog thaum lub Peb Hlis xaus. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 26, Soviet cov tub rog tau coj Gdynia, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 30 - Gdansk. Tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm pab tub rog German thib 2, Rokossovsky cov tub rog tau pib rov qab los ntawm thaj av Gdansk mus rau qib qis ntawm Oder raws li Stettin thiab Rostock.

Zhukov cov tub rog tau ua tiav ntawm pab pawg yeeb ncuab nyob ib puag ncig nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Schiffelbein. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom puas tag nrho cov pab pawg ib puag ncig ntawm Nazis hauv cheeb tsam Treptow. Cov neeg German tau tuaj yeem ua txhaum rau lawv tus kheej, txawm hais tias lawv raug kev txom nyem ntau ntxiv. Tsis tas li, nws tsis muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov tub rog ntawm Kohlberg tam sim ntawd. Ntawm no Cov Tub Rog, uas tsis muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev sib ntaus hauv nroog, tau nce qib. Tsuas yog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 18, Kohlberg tau raug coj mus. Kev sib ntaus hnyav tau tshwm sim hauv Stettin cov lus qhia. Nov yog cov neeg Germans muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo, uas tau txhawb ntxiv los ntawm cov teeb meem ntuj (teeb meem dej), thiab tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg. Ntawm no Zhukov yuav tsum tau ncua kev tawm tsam, rov sau cov tub rog, thiab nqa cov phom loj thiab dav hlau ntxiv. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, peb cov tub rog tau ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thiab coj Altdamm thaum Lub Peb Hlis 20. Cov seem ntawm Nazis tau thim rov qab mus rau sab xis ntawm Oder. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, peb cov tub rog tshem tawm sab hnub poob ntawm Sab Hnub Pomerania los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Tag nrho ntug dej sab hnub tuaj ntawm Oder tau nyob hauv txhais tes ntawm Red Army. Zhukov cov tub rog tam sim no tuaj yeem tsom mus rau npaj ua haujlwm Berlin.

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Kev ywj pheej ntawm thaj av Slavic thaum ub

Kev sib ntaus sib tua no yog keeb kwm zoo thiab kev ua tub rog tseem ceeb. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau tso tawm Slavic Pomorie, nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv los ntawm cov neeg German. Russia tau muab cov av no rau Poland.

Cov tub rog ntawm Rokossovsky thiab Zhukov tau kov yeej 21 tus yeeb ncuab sib cais thiab 8 pawg tub rog, tshem tawm qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawm tsam Wehrmacht los ntawm Sab Hnub Pomerania ntawm sab nraub qaum thiab tom qab ntawm Pab Pawg Liab pab pawg tsom mus rau Berlin. Nrog lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Gdynia thiab Danzig, lwm qhov chaw nres nkoj hauv Baltic, cov neeg German tau poob kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig Königsberg thiab pab pawg hauv Courland. Lub Reich poob thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, chaw nres nkoj, chaw nres nkoj, chaw tsim khoom lag luam. Lub hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm Baltic Fleet tau nthuav dav. Nrog kev swb ntawm pawg Pomeranian Sab Hnub Tuaj, cov tub rog Soviet tau mob siab rau ua haujlwm Berlin.

Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog kev dim ntawm Eastern Pomerania tau piav qhia hauv kab lus ntawm "VO": Kev ua haujlwm sab hnub tuaj Pomeranian; Kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Belorussian Front: cua daj cua dub ntawm Elbing thiab Graudenz. Kev swb ntawm pawg Schneidemühl; Kev swb ntawm Pab Pawg Pawg Vistula; Kev yeej qhov kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm East Pomeranian. Cua daj cua dub ntawm Gdynia, Danzig thiab Kohlberg.

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