Qhov kev sim zaum thib ob kom dim Kharkov tau ua thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1942. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm Barvenkovo-Lozava, Soviet cov lus txib ua tsis tau kom dim Kharkov thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1942, tab sis mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Kharkov, nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm ntug dej Seversky Donets, Barvenkovsky ledge tau tsim nrog qhov tob ntawm 90 km thiab dav ntawm 100 km. Cov ntoo tau sib sib zog nqus rau hauv German tiv thaiv, tab sis ntawm nws lub hauv paus hauv Izyum cheeb tsam muaj nqaim nqaim, los ntawm sab qaum teb cov neeg German dai ntawm Balakleya thiab sab qab teb los ntawm Slavyansk. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav nyob rau lub Peb Hlis, kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm ob sab tau raug ncua thiab ob tog tawm tsam tau pib npaj rau kev ua haujlwm caij nplooj ntoo hlav-lub caij ntuj sov.
Cov phiaj xwm ntawm Soviet thiab German hais kom ua
Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Hauv Tebchaws Soviet tau pib los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov neeg German yuav nce mus rau Moscow, thiab Hitler tab tom npaj Kev Ua Haujlwm Blau, uas xav tias muaj kev tawm tsam nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Soviet-German pem hauv ntej nrog lub hom phiaj txhawm rau hla mus rau thaj chaw roj hauv Caucasus.
Soviet cov lus txib ntawm lub rooj sib tham hauv Kremlin thaum kawg Lub Peb Hlis tau txiav txim siab cov lus thov ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm South-West coj Timoshenko thiab pom zoo phiaj xwm phiaj xwm rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav-lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1942. Txhawm rau kom ruaj ntseg Moscow los ntawm kev tawm tsam German los ntawm sab qab teb, nws tau txiav txim siab los tua kev tawm tsam los ntawm Barvenkov qhov tseem ceeb thiab tso Kharkov, rhuav tshem cov tub rog German uas nyob ib puag ncig hauv cheeb tsam no, sib sau ua rog thiab, nce qib los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, ntes Dnepropetrovsk thiab Sinelnikovo. Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob yuav tsum tso lub nroog los ntawm Kharkov nrog kev pab los ntawm kev sib tsoo los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb.
Sab qab teb pem hauv ntej raws li cov lus txib ntawm Malinovsky tsis xav tau ua ntej, nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm los txhawb kev nyob ntawm cov kab uas nyob thiab ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob hauv Kharkov cov lus qhia nrog nws sab xis. Cov lus txib hauv tebchaws Soviet tsis tau xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tawm tsam German ntawm Barvenkovo ledge.
Sab qaum teb ntawm Kharkov, peb pab tub rog tau tawm tsam: 38th, 28th thiab 21th. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tau muab rau 28th Army raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Ryabyshev. Nws, koom tes nrog rau pab pawg thib 6 thiab 38, tseem xav tias yuav tsum nyob ib puag ncig thiab swb cov tub rog ntawm 51st German pab tub rog nyob hauv thaj tsam Chuguev sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kharkov.
Los ntawm Barvenkovsky ledge sab qab teb ntawm Kharkov, thib 6, 9 thiab 57th pab tub rog thiab pab tub rog ntawm General Bobkin tau xa lub tshuab los npog Kharkov los ntawm sab qab teb-sab hnub poob thiab puag ncig 6 tus tub rog German ua ke nrog rau 28th pab tub rog nce mus rau sab qaum teb. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb raug xa mus rau 6th Army thiab Bobkin pab pawg, uas yuav tsum tau ua tiav hauv kev coj ua ntawm Merefa - Kharkov, txiav tawm German kev sib txuas lus sab hnub poob ntawm Kharkov thiab, tom qab ua tiav kev txav mus rau sab hnub poob, coj lub nroog Krasnograd.
Raws li txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm, cov tub rog Soviet nrog rau cov tub rog ntawm 38 thiab 6 tau coj cov tub rog German mus rau hauv "cauldron" hauv Chuguev cheeb tsam, thiab qhov thib ob "cauldron" nrog cov rog ntawm 28th, 6th cov tub rog thiab pab pawg tub rog Bobkin hauv cheeb tsam Kharkov. Bobkin pab pawg tau tsoo sab hnub poob hauv qhov tob, ua kom lub ntsej muag sab nrauv nyob ib puag ncig thiab tsim kom muaj tus choj rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Dnieper.
Kev tawm tsam los ntawm Barvenkovo coj yog qhov pheej hmoo, vim tias cov neeg German tuaj yeem yooj yim npaj "cauldron" rau cov tub rog Soviet, txiav "nqaim nqaim" hauv thaj av Izyum, uas tau tshwm sim tom qab.
Thaum pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav-lub caij ntuj sov, German cov lus txib ntawm Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb, txhawb nqa Kev Ua Haujlwm Blau, teeb tsa txoj haujlwm ntawm nws pab tub rog kom tshem tawm Barvenkovsky lub taub hau nqaim caj pas nrog ob qhov kev tawm tsam los ntawm Slavyansk thiab Balakleya (Ua Haujlwm Frederikus)). Los ntawm thaj av Slavyansk, chav nyob ntawm 1st Panzer Army of Kleist thiab 17th Army of Hoth yuav tsum tau nce mus. Cov tub rog rau txoj haujlwm no tau pib mob siab rau thaum lub caij ntuj no, German cov lus txib rub 640,000-pawg neeg muaj zog ntawm no.
Ua tsaug rau kev ya dav hlau thiab kev txawj ntse, Cov neeg German paub txog Timoshenko kev npaj rau kev tawm tsam, thiab Soviet cov lus txib tsis tuaj yeem kho qhov kev tsom xam ntawm cov tub rog German hauv qhov kev qhia no.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum Lub Peb Hlis-Plaub Hlis 1942, hauv cheeb tsam Kharkov, muaj kev sib tw tiag los npaj kev ua phem rau ib leeg, thiab cov lus nug yog leej twg yuav pib ua ntej thiab seb nws puas tuaj yeem tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab.
Qhov pib ntawm kev tawm tsam Soviet
Cov tub rog Soviet yog thawj tus pib tawm tsam. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 12, tom qab muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua loj heev, lawv tau pib tawm tsam sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb ntawm Kharkov. Rau cov neeg German, uas lawv tus kheej tau npaj los tawm tsam kev ua phem rau lub Tsib Hlis 18, qhov kev tawm tsam qhov kev cia siab no tseem tsis tau xav txog.
Nyob rau sab qaum teb, pab tub rog 28, nce qib hauv cheeb tsam Volchansk, tsoo hla German pem hauv ntej mus rau qhov tob ntawm 65 km thiab txog lub Tsib Hlis 17 tuaj ze rau Kharkov. Ib rab phom loj tau hnov hauv lub nroog thiab txhua tus tau tos kom tso sai. Nyob rau sab qab teb, pab pawg tawm tsam ua haujlwm los ntawm Barvenkovo ledge kuj tau tsoo hla lub hauv ntej thiab, dhau mus 25-50 kilometers tob dua, mus txog Merefa thiab Krasnograd, ib nrab ncig ib puag ncig tom qab, tsim kev hem thawj rau puag ncig Kharkov los ntawm sab hnub poob..
Nyob rau sab qaum teb tus chij, pab tub rog 28th tau mus txog ib puag ncig ntawm Kharkov, tab sis cov neeg German tau xa cov tub rog ntxiv mus rau thaj chaw no los ntawm sab qab teb thiab siv lub zog uas tau npaj los tawm tsam ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Barvenkovsky ledge. Kev hais kom German, muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua qub, nce kev tiv thaiv ntawm sab qaum teb thiab Soviet kev tawm tsam tsis tu ncua. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau pib ntawm Chuguev thiab Stary Saltov, los ntawm qhov chaw uas Soviet pab tub rog sim puag ncig Chuguev. Tsis muaj leej twg xav muab, piv txwv li, lub zos Peschanoe tau hloov tes ntau zaus nyob rau ob peb hnub, tab sis cov tub rog Soviet tsis tuaj yeem mus tom ntej ntxiv.
Tus thawj coj ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb, Field Marshal Bock, tau tawm tswv yim los hloov ntau qhov kev sib cais rau nws los ntawm 1st Panzer Army, uas tau npaj los tua lub hauv paus ntawm Barvenkovsky ledge, txhawm rau txwv tsis pub cov yeeb ncuab ua ntej. Tab sis qhov no tau xaus rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Fridericus, yog li nws tau raug tsis lees paub thiab npaj tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Barvenkovsky ledge.
Nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, pawg tub rog thib 6 ntawm Gorodnyansky tau coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, tus thawj coj tsis maj nrawm los qhia 21 thiab 23 lub tank tub rog mus rau hauv qhov kev kov yeej, thiab qhov no tau tso cai rau cov neeg German hloov cov tub rog mus rau sab qaum teb thiab nres lub tebchaws Soviet. Feem ntau yuav yog, yog tias muaj kev hem thawj loj dua ntawm kev ncig ntawm Kharkov los ntawm sab hnub poob sawv ntawm sab qab teb, Cov Neeg German yuav tsum thim cov tub rog los ntawm ze Slavyansk thiab xa lawv mus rau qhov kev hem thawj. Tab sis Soviet cov lus txib tsis tau nrawm los tua qhov kev tawm tsam, lub sijhawm poob thiab cov neeg German muaj peev xwm mob siab rau pab tub rog kom tawm tsam ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub taub hau.
Ib qho ntxiv, cov tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob tsis tau nqis tes ua, thiab 57th thiab 9th pab tub rog nyob rau Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Barvenkovsky ledge, tsis tau npaj rau kev tiv thaiv nquag. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog tsis raug teeb tsa, tsis muaj cov cuab yeej siv hauv av thiab tiv thaiv qhov tob tsuas yog 3-4 km.
Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntes Kharkov, cov tub rog raug kev txom nyem hnyav, vim cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov tub rog feem ntau maj nrawm rau tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv zoo yam tsis muaj kev tshawb nrhiav thiab tshem tawm los ntawm cov phom loj. Txog Lub Tsib Hlis 17, cov tub rog tau qaug zog los ntawm kev sib ntaus tsis tu ncua thiab raug nres los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv ntau qhov haujlwm ntawm hauv ntej.
German counteroffensive
Kev tawm tsam German tau pib thaum lub Tsib Hlis 17, Kleist's 1st Panzer Army tau ua rau ob lub tshuab tawg tawg mus rau tom qab ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tau nce mus, ib qho los ntawm Andreevka mus rau Barvenkovo thiab qhov thib ob los ntawm Slavyansk mus rau Dolgenkaya, nrog tom qab tawm ntawm ob pab pawg mus rau Izyum. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kev tawm tsam no yog txiav kev tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog thib 9, puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem pab pawg sab hnub tuaj ntawm Barvenkovo nrog kev tawm tsam ntxiv rau Izyum-Petrovskoye nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Balakleya los koom nrog cov tub rog thib 6 ntawm Chuguevsky ledge thiab puag ncig tag nrho pab pawg ntawm Soviet pab tub rog ntawm Barvenkovsky ledge. Thawj hnub ntawm kev tawm tsam, Barvenkovo thiab Dolgenkaya raug ntes, uas qhov chaw sib txuas lus ntawm pab tub rog 9 tau raug puas tsuaj, uas ua rau tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm pab tub rog.
Lub sijhawm no, nyob rau ntawm qhov ua ntej ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm sab qab teb, 21 thiab 23rd Panzer Corps thaum kawg raug pov rau hauv qhov kev kov yeej, uas tau tob zuj zus mus rau kev tiv thaiv German thiab txuas ntxiv mus deb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus uas tau tsoo Kleist lub tso tsheb hlau luam.
Txog lub Tsib Hlis 18, qhov xwm txheej tau zuj zus zuj zus. Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Vasilevsky tau thov kom nres qhov kev tawm tsam thiab thim cov tub rog thib 6, 9, 57th thiab pab pawg General Bobkin los ntawm Barvenkovsky ledge. Tymoshenko tshaj tawm rau Stalin tias qhov txaus ntshai no tau hais ntau dhau thiab cov tub rog txuas ntxiv lawv kev tawm tsam. Cov neeg German tau xa lawv cov tub rog mus rau Sab Hnub Poob, coj Lozovaya thiab thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 22 puag ncig cov seem ntawm 57th Army thiab 21 thiab 23 Panzer Corps uas tau sib yuav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 23 cov neeg German tau kaw qhov kev ncig thiab tag nrho pab pawg tau nyob hauv "cauldron".
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Barvenkovsky ledge
5 phom sib faib ntawm 57th pab tub rog, 8 phom sib faib ntawm 6 pab tub rog, 2 rab phom sib faib ntawm pab pawg Bobkin, 6 pawg tub rog ntawm pawg thib 2 thiab thib 6 pawg tub rog, 2 lub tub rog tub rog, 5 lub tub rog tub rog thiab lwm yam phom loj, kev tsim vaj tsev, pab cuam chav nyob thiab kev pabcuam tom qab. Cov tub rog no tau tawm ntawm cov ntshav, sab sab, raug rau huab cua tsis tu ncua thiab feem ntau poob lawv lub zog sib ntaus.
Kev txiav txim siab kom thim rov qab tsuas yog lub Tsib Hlis 25, hauv qhov xwm txheej nyuaj tshaj plaws yog cov tub rog, uas tau nkag mus tob rau sab hnub poob mus rau thaj tsam Krasnograd. Tam sim no kab hauv ntej yuav luag 150 km qab lawv thiab lawv yuav tsum hla kev tawm tsam rau lawv tus kheej. Tsis yog txhua tus tswj kom tawg tawm ntawm ib puag ncig; tsuas yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab npaj tawm tsam kom txog thaum kawg mus txog Seversky Donets.
Txhawm rau thaiv cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig Soviet uas tau koom ua ib feem ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob, tau sib sau ua ke cov tub rog lub cev, uas txij li 25 Lub Tsib Hlis tau pib ua kom tawg los ntawm lub nplhaib sab nrauv ntawm ib puag ncig. Sab hauv lub nplhaib ncig, ob pab pawg poob siab tau tsim los txhawm rau hla lub nplhaib sab hauv. Thawj pab pawg tau nce qib los ntawm thaj chaw Lozovenka mus rau lub nkoj sib sau ua ke ntawm Chepel. Ntawm 22 txhiab tus tub rog uas mus rau qhov kev kov yeej, tsuas yog 5 txhiab tus neeg tuaj yeem hla dhau lub Tsib Hlis 27. Nyob rau tag nrho, txog lub Tsib Hlis 30, kwv yees li 27 txhiab tus neeg tuaj yeem nkag mus rau txoj haujlwm ntawm 38th Army thiab cov tub rog sib sau ua ke. Cov neeg German tau tsim lub nplhaib kaw nruj thiab, siv dav dav dav hlau thiab tso tsheb hlau luam, rhuav tshem cov seem ntawm pab pawg Soviet. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig tau raug tua lossis raug kaw, thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm lub Tsib Hlis 29, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm sab xis ntawm Seversky Donets nres, tsuas yog ob peb lub hnab ntawm kev tawm tsam tseem nyob.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub Tsib Hlis 1942 kev ua haujlwm, qhov kev sim zaum thib ob kom dim Kharkov tau xaus rau hauv qhov xwm txheej "cauldron" ntawm Barvenkovo. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ze Kharkov, qhov tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab ntawm cov tub rog Soviet muaj txog 300 txhiab tus tib neeg, kuj tseem muaj kev phom sij loj - 5060 phom thiab phom, 775 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab ntau pua lub dav hlau. Raws li German cov ntaub ntawv, 229 txhiab tus neeg raug ntes.
Kev nyob ib puag ncig thiab kev puas tsuaj tom ntej ntawm cov tub rog loj ntawm Soviet cov tub rog hauv Barvenkovsky ledge ua rau qhov tseeb tias kev tiv thaiv nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Qab Teb thiab Sab Qab Teb tau muaj zog zuj zus. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau German cov lus txib kom ua tiav txoj haujlwm npaj ua ntej "Blau" rau kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm cov roj av ntawm Caucasus thiab tsim cov kev npaj ua ntej kom mus txog Stalingrad thiab Volga.
