Tsis zoo rau kev ntseeg uas tau tsim los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tshwj xeeb, cov ntawv nyeem thiab kev ua si hauv computer xws li "World of Tanks", tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm tshav rog tsis yog cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam, tabsis yog cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank.
Tank duels, tau kawg, tau tshwm sim tsis tu ncua, tab sis tsis tas li. Kev sib ntaus sib tua loj tuaj tuaj yeem suav tau ntawm ib sab.
Tom qab kev ua tsov rog, ABTU tau tshawb fawb txog qhov ua rau swb ntawm peb cov tso tsheb hlau luam.
Cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank suav txog 60% (nrog lub nkoj rhuav tshem thiab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau), 20% tau ploj hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam, seem ntawm cov phom loj puas tsuaj 5%, cov foob pob tawg 5%, kev ya dav hlau thiab tiv thaiv lub tank tub rog riam phom suav txog 10%.
Cov lej yog, ntawm chav kawm, sib npaug heev, vim tias nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws nraim li cas txhua lub tank raug rhuav tshem. Txhua yam uas tuaj yeem tua tau ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm tshav rog. Yog li thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Kursk, kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tank hnyav destroyer ACS "Ntxhw" los ntawm kev ntaus ncaj ntawm 203-mm projectile tau sau tseg. Kev sib tsoo, tau kawg, tab sis kev sib tsoo yog qhov qhia tau heev.
37 hli anti-tank phom Pak. 35/36 ib yog lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv lub tank loj uas lub tebchaws Yelemes nkag mus ua rog.
Kev tsim cov riam phom no, hla kev txwv los ntawm Versailles Treaty, tau ua tiav ntawm Rheinmetall Borzig ruaj hauv xyoo 1928. Thawj qhov piv txwv ntawm rab phom, hu ua So 28 (Tankabwehrkanone, uas yog rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank - lo lus Panzer tau siv tom qab) nkag mus sim xyoo 1930, thiab xyoo 1932 cov khoom siv rau pab tub rog pib. Reichswehr tau txais tag nrho ntawm 264 cov phom zoo li no. Rab phom 28 rab phom muaj rab phom 45 -caliber nrog lub rooj sib dhos kab rov tav, uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus - txog li 20 teev / feeb. Lub tsheb thauj khoom nrog lub txaj tubular tau muab lub kaum sab xis qhia dav dav - 60 °, tab sis tib lub sijhawm lub chassis nrog cov log ntoo tau tsim tsuas yog rau kev txav mus los.
Txog thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1920, qhov riam phom no tej zaum yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws chav kawm, nyob deb ua ntej ntawm kev txhim kho hauv lwm lub tebchaws. Nws tau muab rau Turkey, Holland, Spain, Ltalis, Nyij Pooj, Greece, Estonia, USSR thiab txawm tias Abyssinia. 12 ntawm cov phom no tau xa mus rau USSR, thiab lwm 499 tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tso cai xyoo 1931-32. Cov phom tau txais yuav raws li rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank 37 hli. 1930 "Nws. Lub npe nrov Soviet "plaub caug -tsib" - rab phom qauv 1932 - cim nws caj ces kom raug los ntawm Yog li 29. Tab sis cov tub rog German tsis txaus siab rau rab phom vim muaj kev txav mus los tsawg dhau. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1934, nws tau hloov kho tshiab nrog lub log nrog cov log tsheb pneumatic uas tso cai rau rub lub tsheb, txhim kho kev thauj mus los thiab txhim kho kev pom. Raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab 3, 7 cm Pak 35/36 (Panzerabwehrkanone 35/36), rab phom nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog Wehrmacht ua lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv phom loj.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tua phom ntawm rab phom yog 60 °, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub thoob yog 25 °. Lub xub ntiag ntawm hom-hom tsis siv neeg kaw lub tshuab kaw tau muab tus nqi hluav taws kub ntawm 12-15 teev nyob rau ib feeb. Lub qhov muag pom tau siv lub hom phiaj rab phom.
Kev tua tau ua tiav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj ib leeg: kev faib ua feem thiab cov cuab yeej siv phom. Cov phom loj ntawm rab phom 37-mm ntawm rab phom no tau hla mus rau 34 mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 m. Xyoo 1940 APCR qhov projectile muaj kev nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej ntawm qhov deb ntawm 50 mm, thiab ntxiv rau, qhov tshwj xeeb saum toj no-muaj peev xwm ua cov mos txwv nrog 180 mm kev nkag mus rau tej cuab yeej tau tsim rau Rak. 35/36 rab phom, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 300 m. Tag nrho, kwv yees li 16 txhiab rab phom Rak tau tsim. 35/36.
Rak.35 / 36 cov phom loj tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm cov tub rog tub rog thiab cov tub rog ntawm lub nkoj rhuav tshem hauv kev faib tub rog. Hauv tag nrho, pawg tub rog muaj 75 37-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank thoob plaws lub xeev.
Ntxiv rau qhov rub tawm version, Rak 35/36 tau teeb tsa ntawm Sd. Kfz. 250/10 thiab Sd. Kfz. 251/10 - hais kom siv tsheb, kev soj qab xyuas thiab cov tub rog tsav tsheb.
Cov tub rog kuj tseem siv ntau yam kev tsim kho tus kheej lub phom nrog cov phom no-ntawm lub tsheb ntawm Krupp cov tsheb thauj khoom, ntes Fabkis Renault tankettes UE, British Universal cov tub rog tiv thaiv cov neeg nqa khoom thiab Soviet ib nrab armored tsheb laij teb Komsomolets.
Cov phom tau txais nws qhov kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws hauv Spain, qhov uas nws qhia tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd tau ua tiav siv thaum lub sijhawm Polish kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov phom me me thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau dhau los ua qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv Fab Kis tshiab, Askiv thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tso tsheb hlau luam Soviet nrog tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv plhaub. Vim nws qhov ua tau zoo tsawg, Cov tub rog German npe hu ua Pak 35/36 "lub qhov rooj qhov rooj" lossis "clapperboard".
Raws li lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1939, Wehrmacht muaj 11 250 Cancer 35/36 rab phom, txog rau Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941 tus lej no tau nce mus rau cov ntaub ntawv 15 515 units, tab sis tom qab tsis tu ncua. Txog Lub Peb Hlis 1, 1945, Wehrmacht thiab SS cov tub rog tseem muaj 216 Cancer 35/36, thiab 670 ntawm cov phom no tau khaws cia hauv cov chaw khaws khoom. Feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog sib faib tau hloov mus rau rab phom muaj zog ntau dua nyob rau xyoo 1943, tab sis lawv tseem nyob hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv roob thiab roob kom txog thaum xyoo 1944, thiab hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab tsim cov kab thib ob (kev cob qhia, tshwj tseg) - txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog.
Lub Wehrmacht siv tib yam 3.7 cm Pak 38 (t) -anti-tank 37-mm rab phom tsim los ntawm Czech tuam txhab Skoda. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 m, APCR projectile muaj qhov nkag mus ib txwm ntawm 64 hli.
Rab phom tau tsim los ntawm Skoda los ntawm kev xaj ntawm pab tub rog German, xyoo 1939-1940, tau tsim muaj 513 rab phom.
Xyoo 1941, Beilerer & Kunz tsim 4,2 cm PaK 41- rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank nrog lub qhov khais.
Nws tau nthuav dav zoo ib yam li Pak 36 phom tiv thaiv lub tank, tab sis muaj lub qhov ncauj qhov ncauj ntau dua thiab cov cuab yeej nkag mus.
Lub qhov taub sib txawv txawv ntawm 42 hli ntawm lub qhov ncauj mus rau 28 hli ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Ib qhov projectile nrog cov menyuam ua rau cov menyuam hnyav txog 336 g tho 87 mm tuab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m ntawm cov ces kaum sab xis.
Cov phom tau tsim tawm me me hauv xyoo 1941-1942. Yog vim li cas rau kev txiav tawm ntawm kev tsim khoom yog qhov tsis muaj tungsten tsis txaus nyob hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes los ntawm qhov uas cov tub ntxhais tau tsim, qhov nyuaj thiab tus nqi tsim khoom siab, nrog rau qhov muaj sia nyob tsawg ntawm lub thoob. Tag nrho ntawm 313 rab phom tau raug tua.
Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank yog 47-mm Czechoslovakian cannon Model 1936, uas cov neeg German hu ua 4.7-cm Pak36 (t).
Tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm rab phom yog lub qhov ncauj nres. Semi-automatic wedge gate, hydraulic recoil brake, lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Phom tau tsim qhov txawv me ntsis rau lub sijhawm ntawd; rau kev thauj mus los, lub thoob tig 180 degrees. thiab tau txuas nrog lub txaj. Rau kev cog lus ntau dua, ob lub txaj tuaj yeem quav tau. Lub log taug kev ntawm rab phom tau tawg, lub log yog hlau nrog cov log tsheb roj hmab.
Xyoo 1939, 200 chav nyob ntawm 4, 7-cm Pak36 (t) tau tsim nyob hauv Czechoslovakia, thiab xyoo 1940, 73 ntxiv, tom qab uas tsim kho cov qauv phom 1936,-4, 7-cm Pak (t) (Kzg.), Thiab rau SPGs - 4.7 cm Pak (t) (Sf.). Kev tsim khoom txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1943.
Kev tsim cov mos txwv loj rau 4, 7-cm Czechoslovak phom tiv thaiv lub tank kuj tau tsim.
Cov mos txwv thauj khoom ntawm 4.7-cm Pak36 (t) rab phom suav nrog Czech ua cov khoom tawg thiab cov phom ua rau phom, thiab xyoo 1941. German sabot projectile qauv 40 tau saws rau kev pabcuam.
Cov phom loj uas muaj peev xwm-tho qhov projectile tau pib ua ntej ntawm 775 m / s, tua tau zoo ntawm 1.5 km. Feem ntau, qhov projectile tau hle 75-mm armor ntawm qhov deb ntawm 50 metres, thiab ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 meters, 60-mm, ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 metres, 40 mm armor.
Sub-caliber projectile muaj qhov pib nrawm ntawm 1080 m / s, kev tua tau zoo txog li 500 meters. Feem ntau, ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 metres, nws tau hle 55-mm cov cuab yeej.
Ntxiv nrog rau Czechs, pab tub rog German nquag siv phom ntes hauv lwm lub tebchaws.
Txog sijhawm Austria nkag mus rau Reich, cov tub rog Austrian muaj 357 chav ntawm 47-mm tiv thaiv phom M.35 / 36, tsim los ntawm Bohler tuam txhab (hauv ntau cov ntaub ntawv, rab phom no raug xa mus ua phom me me)). Hauv tebchaws Yelemes, nws tau txais lub npe 4.7-cm Pak 35/36 (o).
Suav nrog 330 chav nyob hauv kev pabcuam nrog pab tub rog Austrian thiab tau mus rau cov neeg German vim yog "Anschluss". Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm pab tub rog German, lwm 150 lub tsev tau tsim xyoo 1940. Lawv nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm cov tub rog ntawm kev faib tub rog tsis siv phom 50-mm. Cov phom tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv siab heev, nrog rau qhov pib ceev ntawm rab phom -tho qhov projectile ntawm -630 m / s, cov cuab yeej nkag mus ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m yog 43 hli.
Xyoo 1940. hauv Fab Kis, coob dua 47 mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank qauv 1937 raug ntes. Schneider tshuab. Cov Germans muab lawv lub npe 4.7cm Ntev 181 (f).
Hauv tag nrho, Cov Neeg German siv 823 Fabkis 47-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank.
Lub phom ntawm rab phom yog monoblock. Lub kaw lus yog ib nrab tsis siv neeg ntsug ntsug. Cov phom tau muaj chav kawm tawg thiab cov log hlau nrog cov log roj hmab. Hauv cov mos txwv ntawm cov phom xa mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob, cov neeg German tau qhia txog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv German cov cuab yeej siv phom me me ua qauv 40.
Cov mos txwv thauj khoom ntawm 4.7-cm Pak181 (f) rab phom suav nrog Fab Kis cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rab phom nrog lub foob pob, ntawm qhov deb ntawm 400 metres raws qhov ib txwm muaj, qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tau nkag mus rau 40 mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv.
Anti-tank 5cm 38 ua tau tsim los ntawm Rheinmetall xyoo 1938. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj teeb meem ntawm kev tshaj lij thiab kev teeb tsa, thawj ob rab phom nkag mus rau hauv pab tub rog tsuas yog pib thaum xyoo 1940. Kev tsim khoom loj tau pib tsuas yog thaum xaus xyoo 1940. Tag nrho ntawm 9568 rab phom tau tsim.
Cov phom tiv thaiv 50 hli, ua ke nrog rab phom 37 hli, yog ib feem ntawm cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm cov tub rog tub rog. Lub foob pob ua hlau tiv thaiv rab phom nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 823 m / s, ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m, thim 70 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm lub kaum sab xis, thiab lub foob pob hluav taws me me ntawm qhov deb tib yam kom ntseeg tau tias nkag tau ntawm 100 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Cov phom no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv T-34 thiab KV tau zoo, tab sis txij xyoo 1943 lawv tau pib hloov pauv los ntawm cov phom loj 75-mm uas muaj zog dua.
Xyoo 1936, Rheinmetall pib tsim rab phom 7, 5-cm tiv thaiv lub tank, hu ua 7.5 cm Ntev 40 … Txawm li cas los xij, Wehrmacht tau txais thawj 15 rab phom tsuas yog thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1942. Cov mos txwv phom muaj ob lub pob zeb uas muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau cov mos txwv thiab cov subcaliber thiab cov mos txwv sib sau ua ke.
Nws yog riam phom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, uas tau tsim tawm mus txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, nws tau dhau los ua qhov ntau heev. Tag nrho ntawm 23,303 rab phom tau tsim.
Ib rab phom -tho qhov projectile nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 792 m / s, muaj kev nkag mus rau tej cuab yeej raws qhov ib txwm nyob deb li ntawm 1000 meters - 82 hli. Ib rab phom subcaliber nrog ceev ntawm 933 m / s, tau tho 126 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv los ntawm 100 meters. Sib sau los ntawm txhua qhov kev deb, ntawm lub kaum sab xis 60 degrees - phaj phom 60 hli tuab.
Cov phom tau siv dav rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub chassis ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov tsheb laij teb tiv thaiv.
Lub Peb Hlis 1, 1945. 5228 chav nyob ntawm 7, 5-cm Pak 40 rab phom tseem nyob hauv qhov kev pabcuam, uas 4695 nyob ntawm cov tsheb laij teb.
Xyoo 1944. ib qho kev sim tau tsim kom muaj qhov sib zog 7, 5-cm phom tiv thaiv lub tank, hu ua 7.5 cm Puag 50 … Txhawm rau tsim nws, lawv coj lub thoob ntawm 7, 5-cm Pak 40 rab phom thiab ua kom luv dua los ntawm 16 calibers. Lub qhov muzzle nres tau hloov nrog lub zog loj dua peb chav nres. Tag nrho Pak 40 lub plhaub tseem nyob hauv cov mos txwv, tab sis lub tes tsho ntev thiab them nyiaj tau raug txo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov projectile hnyav 6, 71 kg muaj qhov pib tshaj tawm txog 600 m / s. Txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub thoob thiab lub zog thim rov qab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv lub tsheb thauj khoom los ntawm 5 cm Pak 38. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom tsis tau txo ntau thiab tsis ua pov thawj qhov kev puas tsuaj hauv ballistics thiab cov cuab yeej nkag mus. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tsim khoom ntawm 7, 5 cm Pak 50 tau txwv rau ib pawg me me.
Thaum lub sijhawm Polish thiab Fab Kis txoj kev sib tw, cov neeg German tau ntes ntau pua 75-mm phom sib faib qauv 1897. Cov tub rog tau yuav cov phom no los ntawm Fab Kis thaum ntxov xyoo 1920. Hauv Fab Kis ib leeg, Cov Neeg German tau ntes 5.5 lab txhaj tshuaj rau cov phom no. Thaum pib, cov neeg German siv lawv hauv lawv daim ntawv qub, muab lub npe phom phom Polish 7, 5 cm FK.97 (p), thiab Fabkis - 7, 5 cm FK.231 (f) … Cov phom no tau xa mus rau "kab thib ob" kev sib cais, ntxiv rau tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Norway thiab Fabkis.
Siv rab phom qauv 1897. los tua cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv nws daim ntawv qub yog ua tsis tau vim lub kaum taw qhia me me (6 degrees) tso cai los ntawm ib leeg nqa ib lub tsheb. Qhov tsis muaj kev ncua tsis tso cai rau kev thauj mus los ntawm ntau dua 10-12 km / h, txawm tias yog txoj kev loj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tsim qauv German pom txoj hauv kev tawm: qhov viav vias ib feem ntawm 75-mm Fabkis txoj phom phom. Xyoo 1987 tau muab tso rau ntawm lub tsheb thauj neeg German 5-cm phom tiv thaiv lub tank Pak 38. Qhov no yog li cas cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank tig tawm 7.5 cm Pak 97/38.
Cov phom loj ntawm rab phom ntsia liaj qhov rooj muab tus nqi hluav taws xob ntau - txog 14 puag ncig ib feeb. Cov neeg German tau tshaj tawm lawv cov phom loj uas muaj rab peev xwm-tho qhov projectile thiab peb hom kev sib sau ua cov phom mus rau hauv cov mos txwv phom, tsuas yog siv cov foob pob tawg tawg tawg tawg tawg tawg tawg tawg tawg mus rau hauv Fab Kis.
Lub foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv rab phom nrog lub davhlau thawj zaug ntawm 570 m / s, nrog rau qhov ib txwm muaj, nyob ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 1000 metres, thim -58 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, sib sau ua ke, ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 60 degrees -60 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv.
Xyoo 1942. Wehrmacht tau txais 2854 units ntawm 7, 5-cm Pak 97/38 rab phom, thiab xyoo tom ntej 858 ntxiv. Cov neeg German tau ua tus lej me me ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tank, ua kom pom qhov hloov pauv ntawm 7, 5 cm Pak 97/40 ntawm lub chassis ntawm lub Soviet T-26 lub tank.
