Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, nruab nrab thiab loj-muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom loj tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Txij li xyoo 1940, Cov foob pob ntev hauv tebchaws Askiv, thiab txij li xyoo 1943, Asmeskas "cov chaw tiv thaiv ya" tau tshem tawm cov nroog German thiab cov chaw tsim khoom los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov kws tiv thaiv huab cua thiab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tsuas yog txhais tau tias tiv thaiv kev muaj peev xwm ua tub rog thiab cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws. Cov foob pob hnyav los ntawm tebchaws Askiv thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Tebchaws Meskas tau tawm tsam ntawm qhov chaw siab (txog 10 km). Yog li ntawd, qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tawm tsam lawv yog hnyav phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo siab.
Thaum 16 kev tawm tsam loj hauv Berlin, Askiv tau poob 492 lub foob pob, uas yog 5.5% ntawm txhua qhov kev xaiv. Raws li kev txheeb cais, rau ib lub dav hlau poob lawm muaj ob lossis peb puas, ntau yam uas tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau tom qab.
Cov neeg Asmeskas ya cov chaw tiv thaiv nqa tawm kev tawm tsam nruab hnub thiab, raws li, raug kev txom nyem ntau dua li cov neeg Askiv. Kev qhia tshwj xeeb yog kev tua ntawm lub dav hlau tiv thaiv B-17 hauv xyoo 1943 ntawm lub chaw cog pob, thaum German kev tiv thaiv huab cua tau rhuav tshem kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg foob pob koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam.
Lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom loj kuj tseem zoo nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias feem pua loj heev (ntau dua li cov phoojywg lees) cov neeg foob pob tau tso cov foob pob tawg mus rau txhua qhov chaw, tsuas yog tawm mus, lossis tsis txhob nkag mus rau thaj tsam tua hluav taws.
Ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau nruab nrab rau cov tub rog German tau pib thaum ib nrab xyoo 20s. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua txhaum txoj cai ntawm kev txwv txwv rau lub tebchaws, cov tsim qauv ntawm Krupp lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm hauv Sweden, raws li kev pom zoo nrog Bofors tuam txhab.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tsim xyoo 1930 7, 5 cm Flak L / 60 nrog ib tus tsis siv neeg ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab lub cruciform platform, tsis tau lees paub los ua haujlwm, tab sis tau nquag tsim rau kev xa tawm. Xyoo 1939, cov qauv uas tsis tau ua tiav tau thov los ntawm German Navy thiab siv hauv chav tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv.
Rheinmetall tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1920s lig 75 hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 7, 5 cm Flak L / 59, uas kuj tsis haum rau cov tub rog German thiab tom qab ntawd tau thov los ntawm USSR hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm kev koom tes ua tub rog nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes.
Thawj qhov piv txwv, ua hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, tau sim ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Dav Hlau Thaum Lub Ob Hlis-Plaub Hlis 1932. Hauv tib lub xyoo, rab phom tau siv rau hauv USSR, raws li lub npe 76-hli anti-aircraft phom mod. 1931g ua.».
Cannon mod. Xyoo 1931 yog riam phom niaj hnub nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo. Nws lub tsheb thauj khoom nrog plaub lub txaj txaj tau muab hluav taws ncig, nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 6, 5 kg, qhov phom sij ntsug yog 9 km.
Tsim nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees 76mm. rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau nce kev nyab xeeb. Kev suav suav tau qhia tias nws muaj peev xwm nce lub peev xwm ntawm rab phom mus rau 85 mm. Tom qab ntawd, ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau "arr. 1931 ", tau tsim "85 mm phom mod. 1938".
Ntawm cov riam phom Soviet uas tau poob rau hauv German txhais tes hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm kev ua tsov rog, muaj cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau coob. Txij li cov phom no tau xyaum ua tshiab, cov neeg German txaus siab siv lawv tus kheej. Tag nrho cov phom loj 76, 2 thiab 85mm tau rov suav dua mus rau 88mm kom cov mos txwv zoo ib yam tuaj yeem siv tau. Txog lub Yim Hli 1944, Cov tub rog German muaj 723 Flak MZ1 (r) phom thiab 163 Flak M38 (r) phom. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom no tau ntes los ntawm cov neeg German, tab sis nws tuaj yeem hais tau tseeb tias cov neeg German muaj cov lej tseem ceeb ntawm cov phom no. Piv txwv li, Daennmark cov tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau muaj 8 lub roj teeb ntawm 6-8 cov phom loj, kwv yees li nees nkaum ntawm cov roj teeb qub tau nyob hauv Norway.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg German tau siv tus lej tsawg ntawm lwm yam txawv teb chaws nruab nrab-rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Feem ntau siv cov phom loj Italian 7.5-cm Flak 264 (kuv) thiab 7.62cm Flak 266 (kuv)ntxiv rau rab phom Czechoslovakian 8, 35-cm Flak 22 (t).
Xyoo 1928, cov tsim qauv ntawm Krupp tuam txhab, siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm 7, 5 cm Flak L / 60, pib hauv Sweden tsim cov phom 8, 8-cm tiv thaiv dav hlau. Tom qab ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho tau xa mus rau Essen, qhov twg thawj qhov qauv ntawm rab phom tau ua. Flak 18 tus qauv tau tshwm sim rov qab rau xyoo 1931, thiab kev tsim cov phom loj ntawm 88-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau tau pib tom qab Hitler los txog rau lub zog.
Lub phom 88mm tiv thaiv dav hlau, hu ua Acht Komma Acht, yog ib lub phom zoo tshaj plaws hauv German ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Phom muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo heev rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Kev faib ua qhov projectile hnyav 9 kg. muaj qhov siab txog 10600 m thiab kab rov tav ntawm 14800 m.
Lub kaw lus hu ua 8.8cm Qhov siab 18 dhau qhov "kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws" hauv Spain, tom qab ntawd lawv tau pib muab daim thaiv npog rau nws los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm cov mos txwv thiab rab phom.
Raws li qhov kev paub dhau los thaum ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog thiab thaum sib ntaus, rab phom tau hloov kho tshiab. Kev hloov kho tshiab feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub thoob tsim los ntawm Rheinmetall. Tus qauv sab hauv ntawm ob lub thoob thiab pob ballistics yog tib yam.
Cov phom loj 8, 8-cm (8, 8-cm Flak 36) tau nkag rau hauv xyoo 1936. Tom qab ntawd, qee qhov kev hloov pauv tau ua xyoo 1939. Tus qauv tshiab no muaj npe 8.8cm Qhov siab 37.
Feem ntau cov phom sib dhos mod. 18, 36 thiab 37 tau hloov pauv, piv txwv li, ib tus tuaj yeem pom Flak 18 chim ntawm Flak 37 rab phom nqa tsheb. Flak 36 thiab 37 phom hloov kho feem ntau hauv kev tsim tsheb thauj khoom. Lub Flak 18 tau thauj mus los ntawm lub laub nqa lub tsheb sib zog, Sonderaenhanger 201, yog li hauv qhov chaw khaws cia nws hnyav yuav luag 1200 kg sib zog dua li kev hloov kho tom qab nqa ntawm Sonderaenhanger 202.
Xyoo 1939, Rheinmetall tau txais daim ntawv cog lus los tsim rab phom tshiab nrog txhim kho cov yam ntxwv zoo. Xyoo 1941. thawj tsab ntawv tau ua. Cov riam phom tau txais lub npe 8.8 cm Qhov siab 41. Cov phom loj no tau yoog raws rau kev tua cov mos txwv nrog kev txhawb nqa lub zog loj. Cov phom tshiab muaj qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 22-25 puag ncig ib feeb, thiab qhov ncauj qhov ncauj tawm ntawm qhov kev tawg ua ntu zus mus txog 1000 m / s. Phom muaj ib lub tsheb thauj khoom uas muaj plaub lub hauv paus cruciform nyob. Kev tsim cov phom nqa phom tau muab hluav taws ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev nce mus txog 90 degrees. Lub kaw lus tsis siv neeg tau nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob hydropneumatic, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nce tus nqi ntawm rab phom thiab pab ua haujlwm rau cov neeg coob. Qhov siab ntawm rab phom tau mus txog 15,000 meters.
Thawj qhov kev sim ntau lawm (44 daim) raug xa mus rau Afrika Korps thaum Lub Yim Hli 1942. Kev sim hauv cov xwm txheej sib ntaus sib tua tau nthuav tawm ntau qhov teeb meem tsim qauv. Flak 41 rab phom tau tsim tawm hauv ib qho me me. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1944, tsuas muaj 157 rab phom ntawm hom no hauv pab tub rog, thiab txog Lub Ib Hlis 1945, lawv cov lej tau nce mus rau 318.
Cov phom loj 88-mm dhau los ua cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau ntau heev ntawm III Reich. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1944, cov tub rog German muaj ntau tshaj 10,000 rab phom no. Cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 88-mm yog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tank thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis ntau zaus cov phom no tau siv hauv chav tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Luftwaffe, uas yog ib feem ntawm Reich huab cua tiv thaiv. Nrog kev ua tiav, 88-mm rab phom tau siv los tua cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab tseem ua raws li cov phom loj. Lub phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 88-mm tau ua tus qauv rau lub tank phom rau Tsov.
Tom qab Ltalis txoj kev swb, pab tub rog German tau txais ntau yam riam phom Italian.
Thoob plaws xyoo 1944, yam tsawg 250 250-mm Italian phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, hu ua 9 cm Flak 41 (i), tau ua haujlwm pab tub rog German.
Xyoo 1933. kev sib tw tau tshaj tawm los tsim rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 10.5 cm. Cov tuam txhab "Krup" thiab "Rheinmetall" tau ua ob qhov qauv ib qho. Kev sib piv tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1935, thiab xyoo 1936. Cov phom loj 10.5-cm ntawm Rheinmetall lub tuam txhab tau lees paub tias zoo tshaj plaws thiab tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom loj raws li lub npe. 10.5-cm Flak 38 … Cov phom muaj ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tsis siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Semi-automatic hom tshuab, tsoo thaum dov.
Raws li ib feem ntawm kev koom tes ua tub rog-txuj ci, plaub plaub 10, 5-cm Flak 38 rab phom tau xa mus rau USSR thiab sim txij Lub Xya Hli 31 txog rau Lub Kaum Hli 10, 1940 ntawm kev tshawb fawb tiv thaiv dav hlau nyob ze Evpatoria. Lawv tau sib koom ua ke sim nrog cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 100-mm nyob hauv lub tebchaws L-6, 73-K thiab B-34 thaj av sib txawv. Kev sim tau qhia pom qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tus qauv German hauv feem ntau qhov ntsuas. Qhov ua haujlwm tau zoo heev ntawm kev siv lub tshuab fuse tsis siv neeg tau sau tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qee qhov laj thawj, nws tau txiav txim siab tso 100 mm 73-K series. Txawm li cas los xij, "phom" ntawm tsob ntoo. Kalinin tsis muaj peev xwm ua qhov no.
Lub 10.5 cm Flak 38 rab phom thaum xub thawj muaj cov tshuab hluav taws xob qhia, zoo ib yam li 8.8 cm Flak 18 thiab 36, tab sis xyoo 1936 tau siv UTG 37 system, uas tau siv rau ntawm 8.8 cm Flak 37 cannon. yeeb nkab pub dawb tau qhia. Lub kaw lus thiaj li hloov kho tshiab tau lub npe 10.5cm Pluaj 39.
Phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 10, 5 cm Flak 38 tau pib nkag mus rau hauv cov tub rog German cov tub rog nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1937. Flak 39 tau tshwm sim hauv chav tsuas yog thaum pib xyoo 1940. Ob hom sib txawv feem ntau hauv kev tsim cov tsheb thauj khoom.
Lub 10.5 cm Flak 38 thiab 39 tseem nyob hauv kev tsim khoom thoob plaws hauv kev ua rog, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias rab phom 8.8 cm Flak 41 yog ze li qhov sib npaug hauv kev ua tau zoo.
Cov phom feem ntau yog siv hauv kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Reich, lawv tau npog cov chaw lag luam thiab Kriegsmarine hauv paus. Thaum lub Yim Hli 1944, tus naj npawb ntawm 105-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Luftwaffe muaj 116 rab phom loj tau teeb tsa ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, 877 rab phom loj tau teeb tsa ruaj khov ntawm cov hauv paus pob zeb, thiab 1,025 lub phom loj haum nrog cov tsheb ciav hlau log. Cov roj teeb ntawm Reich tiv thaiv muaj 6 rab phom loj, thiab tsis yog 4 txhua, raws li tau hais hauv cov chav ua ntej. 10, 5-cm cannon mod. 38 thiab 39 yog thawj lub phom tiv thaiv dav hlau German uas FuMG 64 "Mannheim" 41 T radars tau txuas nrog PUAZO.
Ua haujlwm tsim cov phom 128-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Rheinmetall lub tuam txhab tau pib xyoo 1936. Thawj qhov qauv tau nthuav tawm rau kev sim xyoo 1938. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1938, thawj qhov kev txiav txim rau 100 units tau muab. Qhov kawg ntawm 1941, cov tub rog tau txais thawj lub roj teeb nrog 12.8 cm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
12.8-cm Flak 40 yog qhov kev siv tshuab ua kom tiav. Kev taw qhia, kev xa khoom thiab kev xa cov mos txwv, nrog rau kev teeb tsa lub fuse tau ua tiav siv plaub lub tshuab hluav taws xob asynchronous ntawm peb theem tam sim no nrog qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 115 V. Lub roj teeb plaub lub phom 12, 8 cm Flak 40 tau ua haujlwm los ntawm ib tus generator nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 60 kW.
Lub 128 hli 12, 8 cm Flak 40 rab phom yog lub phom hnyav tiv thaiv dav hlau siv thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II.
Nrog kev faib ua pawg loj ntawm 26 kg, uas muaj qhov pib tshaj tawm ntawm 880 m / s, qhov siab nce mus txog ntau dua 14,000 m.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm hom no tuaj txog hauv chav Kriegsmarine thiab Luftwaffe. Lawv feem ntau tau teeb tsa ntawm txoj haujlwm ruaj khov, lossis ntawm txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau. Lub hom phiaj tsim thiab tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tua hluav taws tau ua tiav raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm radar posts.
Thaum xub thawj, nws tau xav tias lub xov tooj txawb 12, 8-cm kev teeb tsa yuav raug thauj ntawm ob lub laub, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau txiav txim siab txwv nws tus kheej rau ib lub tsheb plaub-qag. Thaum ua tsov rog, tsuas yog ib lub roj teeb txawb (rau phom) nkag rau hauv kev pabcuam.
Thawj lub roj teeb ntawm 128 mm phom loj tau nyob hauv thaj chaw Berlin. Cov phom loj no tau teeb tsa ntawm cov yees ua kom muaj zog 40-50 meters siab. Huab cua tiv thaiv tus yees, ntxiv rau Berlin, tseem tiv thaiv Vienna, Hamburg thiab lwm lub nroog loj. Cov phom loj 128-mm tau muab tso rau saum cov yees, thiab hauv qab no, nrog rau cov tiaj tiaj uas nthuav tawm, tau nyob ntawm cov phom me me.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1944, cov cuab yeej ua rog yog: rau chav nyob txawb, 242 chav nyob ruaj ruaj, 201 chav tsheb ciav hlau (ntawm plaub lub platform).
Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1942, Berlin lub tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua tau txais rab phom 128-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau 12, 8 cm Flakzwilling 42. Thaum tsim 12.8-cm ob rab phom nyob ruaj ruaj, lub hauv paus los ntawm kev sim 15-cm kev teeb tsa tau siv.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1944, 27 chav nyob tau ua haujlwm, thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1945 - 34 chav nyob. Muaj plaub qhov teeb tsa hauv lub roj teeb.
Kev teeb tsa yog ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm cov nroog loj, suav nrog Berlin, Hamburg thiab Vienna.
1939-01-09 Lub Tebchaws Yelemees muaj 2459-8, 8-cm Flak 18 thiab Flak 36 thiab 64-10, 5-cm Flak 38 rab phom. nws qhov siab tshaj plaws, 5933 -8, 8 -cm, 1131 -10, 5 -cm thiab 664 -12, 8 -cm tau tsim.
Nrog kev tuaj txog ntawm cov chaw radar, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum hmo ntuj, tau nce ntau.
Txog xyoo 1944, lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau tau siv riam phom hnyav tiv thaiv lub dav hlau roj teeb ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv huab cua hauv lub tebchaws. Hnyav motorized anti-aircraft roj teeb ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv ntej tsuas yog ib nrab muab nrog radars.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau German ntawm nruab nrab thiab qhov muaj zog loj thaum ua tsov rog, ntxiv rau lawv lub hom phiaj ncaj qha, ua pov thawj tias yog riam phom tiv thaiv zoo heev. Txawm hais tias lawv raug nqi ntau dua li phom tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm lawv lub peev xwm thiab tau siv rau qhov tsis muaj qhov zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1941, tsuas yog rab riam phom uas muaj peev xwm nkag tau rau tej cuab yeej ntawm Soviet KV tso tsheb hlau luam yog cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm 8, 8 cm thiab 10, 5 cm caliber. Txawm li cas los xij, txog lub Cuaj Hli 1942, thaum tus lej ntawm 8, 8-cm thiab 10, 5-cm tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv ntawm lub hauv ntej yog me me, lawv tsoo tsawg tsawg Soviet T-34 thiab KV tso tsheb hlau luam (3, 4%-8, Rab phom 8-cm thiab 2, 9%-10, 5-cm cannons). Tab sis nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1944, rab phom 8.8 cm suav los ntawm 26 txog 38% ntawm kev puas tsuaj Soviet hnyav thiab nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab nrog kev tuaj txog ntawm peb cov tub rog nyob hauv Tebchaws Yelemees thaum lub caij ntuj no - thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1945, feem pua ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau rhuav tau nce mus rau 51-71% (ntawm qhov sib txawv) Ntxiv mus, cov tsheb loj tshaj plaws tau tsoo ntawm qhov deb ntawm 700 - 800 m. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau muab rau txhua rab phom 8.8 cm, tab sis txawm tias xyoo 1945 tus naj npawb ntawm 8.8 cm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tseem ceeb tshaj tus lej tshwj xeeb 8.8 cm. -tank phom phom phom. Yog li, nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, German lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv av.
Tom qab ua tsov rog, ua ntej yuav siv rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 100 mm KS-19 thiab 130-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau KS-30, tus lej 8, 8-cm, 10, 5-cm thiab 12, 5-cm Cov phom German tau ua haujlwm nrog Soviet Army. Raws li Asmeskas cov peev txheej, ntau ntau kaum ob 8, 8 cm thiab 10, 5 cm German phom tau koom nrog hauv Kev Tsov Rog Kauslim.
