Soviet thiab Lavxias tshwj xeeb rog - muaj xya caum xyoo

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Soviet thiab Lavxias tshwj xeeb rog - muaj xya caum xyoo
Soviet thiab Lavxias tshwj xeeb rog - muaj xya caum xyoo

Video: Soviet thiab Lavxias tshwj xeeb rog - muaj xya caum xyoo

Video: Soviet thiab Lavxias tshwj xeeb rog - muaj xya caum xyoo
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Cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv tsev ua kev zoo siab rau xyoo no ib xyoos - 70 xyoo txij li nws lub hauv paus tseem ceeb. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 24, 1950, Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm USSR, Marshal ntawm Soviet Union, Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky, tau kos npe rau cov lus qhia ua "zais cia". Cov lus qhia tau hais txog kev tsim cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb (SPN) (kev tshawb nrhiav tob, lossis lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb kev tshawb nrhiav) hauv Soviet cov tub rog. Cov subunits raug tsim tau npaj los siv rau tom qab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm.

Nws yog vim li no tias thaum Lub Kaum Hli 24, Hnub Ua Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb Chav thiab Kev Tsim (SPN) tau ua kev zoo siab hauv peb lub tebchaws. Nov yog hnub so haujlwm rau cov tub rog ntawm ntau lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Lavxias Federation. Tib lub sijhawm, txij li xyoo 2015, Hnub Ua Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb (Lub Ob Hlis 27) tau ua kev zoo siab txhua xyoo hauv tebchaws Russia.

Harbingers ntawm niaj hnub tshwj xeeb rog

Tsis txhob xav tias txog xyoo 1950 tsis muaj chav tshwj xeeb hauv pab tub rog nyob hauv tsev. Kev cais tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm nyob tom qab thiab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yeeb ncuab tau tsim ua ntej. Piv txwv li, hauv 1701, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Peter I, lub dav hlau tshwj xeeb, cov neeg tawg rog, tau tsim hauv Russia. Lub hom phiaj ntawm pab tub rog yog los tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab ntawm txoj kev xa khoom ntawm nws pab tub rog, uas yog, tawm tsam thiab ua phem rau tom qab kab yeeb ncuab.

Lawv tau rov qab mus rau kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ib tog thiab tsim kev ya tawm hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 - thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog. Ib qho piv txwv uas paub zoo yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib cais raws li Denis Davydov hais kom ua. Davydov qhov kev cais tawm ntawm pawg neeg tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Xyoo 1812 ntawm kev pib ua tub rog tub ceev xwm nws tus kheej, uas tig nws txoj kev xav rau Tub Vaj Ntxwv Peter Bagration. Bagration tau pom zoo qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab tshaj tawm txoj kev npaj rau tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias, Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov, uas, txawm hais tias nws tsis ntseeg txog qhov pib, tau tso cai tsim kev cais tawm, tau faib 50 Akhtyr hussars thiab 80 Don Cossacks. Nrog rau cov rog no, Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Davydov pib nws qhov kev tawm tsam nto moo.

Soviet thiab Lavxias tshwj xeeb rog - muaj xya caum xyoo
Soviet thiab Lavxias tshwj xeeb rog - muaj xya caum xyoo

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev cais tawm ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb yog tias Davydov qhov kev sib cais tau tsim los ntawm cov tub rog ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog niaj hnub. Cov tub rog uas nyob hauv qhov chaw muaj cov txuj ci sib ntaus sib tua uas tsim nyog, thiab cov tub ceev xwm, feem ntau yog Davydov nws tus kheej, muaj kev paub sib ntaus sib tua. Tsis ntev los no, Davydov qhov kev tshem tawm, uas tau loj hlob tas li ntawm qhov kev siv nyiaj ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab tso cov neeg raug kaw hauv tebchaws Russia, tau dhau los ua rau Fabkis ib yam li hniav hauv qhov ntswg. Kev tshem tawm tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib ntaus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, cuam tshuam cov tsheb laij teb nrog cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom noj, tawm tsam qhov chaw me me ntawm Fab Kis thiab chaw ua si phom loj. Nyob rau lub sijhawm txog Lub Kaum Hli 23, Davydov qhov kev tshem tawm tau ntes txog 3, 6 txhiab tus tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Napoleonic pab tub rog.

Yav tom ntej, kev tsim tshwj xeeb tau siv hauv lwm qhov kev tsov rog los ntawm Russia. Cossack plastun units feem ntau siv rau kev ua haujlwm tom qab kab yeeb ncuab thiab rau kev ua phem. Hauv cov xyoo ntawd, cov tua zoo tshaj plaws, nrog rau cov sib ntaus sib tua uas muaj sia nyob tshaj plaws, tau raug xaiv los ua cov plastuns. Lub sijhawm ntawd, lawv tau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb niaj hnub no, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj, tshawb nrhiav, nkag mus tob hauv qab ntawm cov tub rog yeeb ncuab. Feem ntau, Plastun units tau siv hauv Kev Tsov Rog Crimean (1853-1856) thiab cov phiaj xwm Turkish (1877-1878).

Tsim ntawm Soviet tshwj xeeb rog

Kev Tsov Rog Zoo Tshaj Plaws tau qhia tias cov tub rog tshwj xeeb yog tsim nyog rau cov tub rog. Nws yog thawj xyoo tom qab ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws Soviet uas lawv tau pib ua haujlwm puv ntoob. Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 24, 1950 hauv USSR, nws tau thov kom sai li sai tau los tsim cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb npaj rau kev ua haujlwm tob tob tom qab kab yeeb ncuab. Kev tsim cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau xaj kom txog thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 1, 1951. Raws li cov lus qhia, nws tau npaj los tsim 46 cais cov tuam txhab spetsnaz hauv cov tub rog nrog cov nyiaj hli tsis tu ncua ntawm 120 tus neeg hauv txhua tus. Cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau tsim nyob hauv txhua cheeb tsam tub rog ntawm USSR, pab pawg ua rog, nrog rau hauv tub rog.

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Cov tuam txhab no tau tsim los ntawm kev thov ncaj qha los ntawm Tus Thawj Coj ntawm GRU ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm, General ntawm Cov Tub Rog Matvey Zakharov, thiab Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm, General ntawm Army Sergei Shtemenko. Kev tsim cov tuam txhab spetsnaz tau ua ntu zus. Txog thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 1, 1951, Soviet cov tub rog ua tub rog twb muaj nyob hauv lawv cov thawj cov tub rog tshwj xeeb nrog rau tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm ntau dua 5, 5 txhiab tus neeg. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb tau txais los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog kev txawj ntse, ntau tus neeg tau mus dhau Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj thiab muaj kev paub txog kev sib ntaus tiag. Hauv kev npaj ntawm spetsnaz cov tuam txhab, kev paub txog kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev ua phem sab nrauv ua los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau siv dav. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev paub txog cov neeg saib xyuas thiab saboteurs thiab Soviet pab pawg thaum lub sijhawm ua rog. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas thaum xub thawj, hauv tuam txhab cov neeg ua haujlwm cov lus, txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kheej tau txawm tias tau sau npe ua "ib tog neeg".

Txhua tus tau tsim cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb tau ncaj qha mus rau Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Txawj Ntse (GRU) ntawm Cov Thawj Coj. Cov subunits tsim nyob rau hauv Soviet cov tub rog hauv kev ua tub rog yuav tsum koom nrog hauv kev daws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qab no: kev teeb tsa thiab ua kev soj qab qab cov yeeb ncuab kab, qhib qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb; kev puas tsuaj ntawm riam phom nuclear thiab lwm yam kev teeb tsa tub rog tseem ceeb lossis kev tsim vaj tsev; teeb tsa thiab ua kev ua phem rau sab nraum qab ntawm tus yeeb ncuab; kev tsim cov neeg tawm tsam (koom nrog) kev sib cais; ua tiav cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus txib; tshawb nrhiav thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab saboteurs.

Xyoo 1957, cais pawg tub rog tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj twb tau tsim nyob hauv USSR, thiab xyoo 1962, kev tsim cov pab pawg tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb tau pib ua ib feem ntawm cov cheeb tsam. Thoob plaws hauv tag nrho lub sijhawm Soviet keeb kwm ntawm peb lub tebchaws, cov qauv thiab cov qauv ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau hloov pauv ntau zaus, thaum cov haujlwm tau daws los ntawm cov koog, thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lawv lub neej, tseem tsis hloov pauv. Nyob ruaj khov, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau siv dav hauv kev pab los ntawm GRU Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Loj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm Soviet Union, lawv lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb tau muab pov tseg ntawm cov tub rog hauv av, pab tub rog, GRU, Navy thiab Air Force.

Hauv tag nrho, xyoo 1970s-1980s, muaj 13 pawg tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv pab tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau siv tshaj plaws, suav nrog hauv kev tawm tsam tiag tiag ua haujlwm sab nraud lub tebchaws. Cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv Soviet tau muaj nyob hauv Angola, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Nyab Laj thiab Cuba. Cov chav ntawm Soviet tshwj xeeb rog kuj tau ua haujlwm nquag hauv Afghanistan thaum tsov rog. Raws li ib feem ntawm Soviet cov tub rog txuas ntxiv nkag mus rau hauv lub tebchaws no, txog li 8 tus tub rog tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm sib cais, coj los ua ob pawg tub rog sib cais.

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Tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv USSR Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm qhov siab tshaj ntawm lawv qhov zoo los ntawm kev pib ua tsov rog Afghan suav nrog 8039 tus neeg. Raws li keeb kwm keeb kwm Sergei Kozlov, uas tab tom kawm txog Soviet thiab Lavxias tshwj xeeb rog, lub sijhawm ntawd muaj 23 pawg tub rog tshwj xeeb thiab tsim nyob hauv USSR Armed Forces. Hauv lub sijhawm ua rog, tus naj npawb ntawm chav nyob thiab kev tsim qauv tuaj yeem nce mus rau 66, thiab tag nrho lub zog tus kheej tau nce mus rau 44,845 tus neeg.

Xeev cov txuj ci

Niaj hnub no, zoo li 70 xyoo dhau los, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb yog cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog. Hauv cov xwm txheej niaj hnub no, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov chav no yog cov tub rog cog lus. Raws li nyob hauv USSR, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb loj tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias cov tub rog tseem nyob sib cais tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb. Coob leej ntawm lawv twb muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm Cov Tiv Thaiv, piv txwv li, Pawg Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb 16 Pawg tshwj xeeb hauv Tambov. Lub npe hwm "Tus Saib Xyuas" tau muab rau pawg tub rog no los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russia tsis ntev los no, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 26, 2019.

Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tseem yog kev qhia zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov cuab yeej siv nrog cov riam phom niaj hnub no, cov tub rog thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws. Niaj hnub no, Lavxias tshwj xeeb cov tub rog tau teeb tsa nrog kev cia siab ntawm cov cuab yeej sib ntaus sib tua; niaj hnub siv cov foob pob tawg, suav nrog cov foob pob deb; multichannel optoelectronic cov cuab yeej soj ntsuam, tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm thaum hmo ntuj thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm kev pom tsis zoo; niaj hnub kev tshawb nrhiav huab cua, feem ntau tsis siv neeg tsav dav hlau; caj npab me me tshwj xeeb

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Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias txhua xyoo xyaum tsaws los ntawm cov dav hlau thiab cov dav hlau, suav nrog dhia dhia thaum hmo ntuj, mus rau hauv dej, los ntawm qhov chaw siab nrog cov pa oxygen tshwj xeeb thiab txav mus saum qab ntuj, tom qab ntawd mus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tawm tsam lossis mus rau lub hom phiaj. Cov commandos dhia ntau heev. Raws li lub vev xaib raug cai ntawm Ministry of Defense ntawm Lavxias Federation, xyoo 2019, cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb sib cais hauv Togliatti los ntawm Cheeb Tsam Cov Tub Rog Nruab Nrab yuav tsum ua ntau dua 10 txhiab dhia dhia dhia hauv ib xyoos. Kev dhia dhia yog ua los ntawm Mi-8 pab tub rog lub dav hlau dav hlau nyob hauv qhov siab ntawm 600 txog 4000 meters thiab los ntawm Il-76 cov tub rog thauj dav hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum ua kev dhia, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb siv niaj hnub Lavxias tshuab pa khiab mis D-10, ntxiv rau "Hneev nti-2".

Raws li tau sau tseg hauv Ministry of Defense, kev qhia lub cev tseem muaj qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov tub rog tshwj xeeb. Ntau tau ua tiav txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog, kev nrawm thiab lub zog ntawm cov neeg sib ntaus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua tus tub rog tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua tiav cov txuj ci ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas yog los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua sambo, ntxiv rau thaj chaw ntawm kev ntaus nrig zoo li jiu-jitsu thiab karate. Tsis tas li, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb yuav tsum paub zoo hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm ntuav txiav thiab muab cov khoom pov tseg.

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Niaj hnub no cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau siv riam phom niaj hnub Lavxias "Tsov" thiab "Typhoon", drones "Orlan-10", cov cuab yeej siv rau cov tub rog tshiab tiam "Ratnik". Tib lub sijhawm, thaum ua kev tawm dag zog, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tseem tab tom ua haujlwm uas tau ntsib lawv cov neeg ua ntej kaum xyoo dhau los. Yog li, raws li ib feem ntawm qhov kev tawm dag zog muaj nyob rau lub Rau Hli 2020, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm Cheeb Tsam Cov Tub Rog Hauv Nruab Nrab tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam los ntawm kev ua phem thiab pab pawg soj xyuas ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom siv tub rog. Peb kuj tau ua haujlwm hauv thaj tsam kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev sim ua yeeb ncuab nrog kev siv VSS Vintorez phom ntev, rab phom AS Val submachine thiab ib rab phom Pecheneg nkaus xwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv Cheeb Tsam Tub Rog Hauv Nroog tau ua haujlwm tawm ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm lub tsheb nrog ntes cov ntaub ntawv zais cia thiab raug tua ntawm qhov hais kom ua ntawm tus yeeb ncuab raws li txoj cai.

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