Foom koob hmoov rau cov uas tshaib plab thiab nqhis rau kev ncaj ncees, vim lawv yuav txaus siab.
Txoj Moo Zoo ntawm Mathais 5: 6
David thiab Goliath. Porta Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum, 1300 Sab Qaum Teb Fabkis. (Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Cantonal University hauv Lausanne) Goliath tau hnav zoo nyob hauv 1300 zam hauv qhov me me no. Nws hnav lub luv luv haubergeon nrog lub hood thiab cov saw ntawv hnab looj tes braided rau lub tes tsho, lub tsev teev ntuj-de-fer lub kaus mom hlau, phaj leggings thiab, dua, tus tub rog daim hlau thaiv zoo li cov hlau, ib txwm rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Lawm, lub kaus mom hlau hauv tsev teev ntuj yuav tsum tau kos, txwv tsis pub yuav ua li cas Davi ntaus nws ntawm lub hauv pliaj!
Qhov tseeb yog vim qee qhov laj thawj peb lub tsev kawm theem nrab tsis muab rau peb cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg txog … cov naj npawb ntawm phau ntawv nyob nruab nrab. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, phau ntawv qhia qhia tias cov phau ntawv tsis txaus, tias lawv kim heev, thiab lawv tau raug kaw rau hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab. Tias yog vim li cas tib neeg uas tau txais cov ntaub ntawv no ntseeg tiag tias ob peb phau ntawv kim heev no tsis muaj nqis rau kev dag, thiab yog li "hloov keeb kwm".
Qhov tseeb, qhov no nyob deb ntawm rooj plaub! Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau nruab nrab nruab nrab … kaum, thiab tej zaum txawm tias ntau pua txhiab leej, thiab nws yooj yim tsis yooj yim los suav lawv. Piv txwv li, tsuas yog Vatican Apostolic Library muaj … 50 txhiab tagnrho cov ntawv sau nruab nrab, feem ntau yog kos npe thiab sau hnub tim. Thiab tom qab ntawd muaj cov tsev qiv ntawv nto moo hauv ntiaj teb xws li Tsev Qiv Ntawv Askiv, Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Hauv Tebchaws Fab Kis, Trinity College Library hauv Dublin, cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv Sorbonne, Oxford, Württemberg … Tus Tswv, lawv cov npe ib leeg yuav siv ntau dua ib nplooj ntawv ntawm no. Hauv Fab Kis ib leeg, muaj 76 lub tsev fuabtais nyob hauv Loire River phiab, ntau qhov uas muaj tsev qiv ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv txhua xyoo, suav ntau txhiab phau ntawv, thiab ntau ntawm lawv tseem tsis tau raug muab tshem tawm thiab muab tso rau hauv kev tshawb fawb vim … txoj haujlwm ntawm lawv cov tswv. Yog, thiab ua cov txheej txheem thiab txawm teev npe rau lawv txhua yam tsuas yog tsis muaj lub zog txaus, sijhawm, lossis nyiaj txiag.
Yog li, txawm tias nyob hauv ntu zais cia ntawm Vatican Apostolic Library, kwv yees li 1,500 tus kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm txhua hnub, muaj chav kuaj tshwj xeeb uas digitizes cov ntawv sau thaum ub, thiab papal curia tsis muaj nyiaj rau qhov no. Tab sis tsuas yog "yam tseem nyob ntawd", yog qhov zoo uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm txhua phau ntawv no.
Cia peb hais ntxiv tias 80% ntawm cov ntawv sau tau sau hnub tim los ntawm lawv tus kws sau ntawv. Thaum lub sijhawm, nws yog … cia hais tias, tsim nyog, yog tias tsis tsim nyog, los qhia txog xyoo ua tiav. Cov phau ntawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab me me piav qhia txog lub neej ntawm tib neeg txij li lub sijhawm qhia hauv phau ntawv. Ntawd yog, peb muaj hom ntawv hla tebchaws ntawm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, uas lub luag haujlwm ntawm daim duab nrog daim duab ntawm tus tswv yog ua los ntawm "duab" nrog cov duab sib xws. Qhov kawg tau lees paub los ntawm cov khoom cuav uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no, nrog rau kev hla mus rau cov ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj sia nyob.
Piv txwv li, peb pom ib qho piv txwv hauv phau ntawv txhais lus piav qhia txog tus tub rog hauv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Nws yog qhov tseeb los ntawm cov ntawv uas yog Milanese cov cuab yeej, uas peb kuj pom hauv cov duab los ntawm tus kws kos duab Italian nto moo. Ib qho ntxiv, kev sib tham ntawm tus huab tais Askiv Henry VIII, uas tau caw tus tswv los ntawm Milan mus rau nws lub tsev hais plaub, tau paub. Thaum kawg, nws yog cov cuab yeej zoo li no uas peb pom hauv lub tsev khaws khoom, nrog cov hnub tsim khoom siv rau lawv thiab lub npe ntawm tus tswv uas ua rau lawv. Cov hnub sib sau ua ke, cov duab zoo ib yam, yog li ntawd, xyoo tau teeb tsa, vim tias tsis tas li nws yuav tsim nyog: A - txhawm rau tsis yog ib qho, tab sis ntau cov ntawv sau tau tawg thoob plaws ntau lub tsev fuabtais thiab tsev qiv ntawv (txoj haujlwm nws tus kheej nyuaj heev thiab xyaum ua tsis tau vim yog nws qhov nyuaj heev), B - txhawm rau ua ntau yam cuab yeej ua rog, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv rau lawv nkag mus rau ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshwj xeeb, thiab lawv tus kheej qee zaum laus heev, thiab, thaum kawg, C - txhawm rau sib tham ntawm vaj ntxwv thiab … tawm cov lus rau tus tswv ntawm ale thiab nqaij, nrog rau cov nyiaj hli thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv kev lis haujlwm, uas nws lub npe yog "legion"! Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias tsuas yog Vajtswv tuaj yeem ua txhua yam no, rau nws ib leeg muaj qhov tsis paub tag nrho, muaj peev xwm ua tau thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau txhua yam. Txawm hais tias Orwellian Ministry of Truth qhov tseeb yuav tau txais kev cawmdim ntawm no …
Tab sis qhov txaus nyiam tshaj plaws, tau kawg, yog kev tshuaj xyuas qhov pom ntawm cov kev hloov pauv uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm xyoo rau xyoo hauv kev piav qhia tib neeg cov duab hauv cov duab me me. Tom qab tag nrho, yog tias xyoo hloov, tom qab ntawd cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov cim tau hloov pauv lub sijhawm, thiab qhov no, raws li peb tau sau tseg, yog cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv uas tau muaj sia nyob niaj hnub no.
Cia peb nqis los ua qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo li niaj hnub no. Raws li nws lub hom phiaj, peb yuav coj zaj dab neeg ntseeg Christian los ntawm Thawj Phau Ntawv ntawm Lub Nceeg Vaj, piav qhia txog kev tua Goliath loj heev los ntawm tus tswv yug yaj David. Peb paub tias txog thaum Renaissance, cov neeg ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog tsis muaj lub zeem muag keeb kwm ntawm daim duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab hwm nws li tsis hloov pauv. Thiab yog tias yog li, tom qab ntawd txhua qhov me me yuav yog qhov xav txog ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm me me lub tswv yim ntawm yuav ua li cas tib Goliath yuav saib, raws li nws tus kheej kev xav ntawm cov tub rog ntawm nws lub sijhawm.
Peev B: David ntaus nkauj nog paj nruas rau Xa -u (saum), txiav tawm Goliath lub taub hau (hauv qab), xyoo pua 13th Tempera, kub, number case. Qhov ntev: 23.5 × 16.5 cm. (Paul Getty Tsev khaws puav pheej, Los Angeles) Ntawm no, Goliath kuj tseem nyob rau nws lub sijhawm: nws hnav lub hauberk, saw xa chausses, lub quilted cap thiab ntaub hauv caug ntaub. Lub kaus mom hlau yog spire-de-fer lossis "lub kaus mom hlau", thiab txawm kos nrog cov hlua. Cov ntaub thaiv npog tau piav qhia kom nws pom tau los ntawm sab hauv. Nws muaj cov duab ntawm cov hlau thiab ntau txoj hlua los pab tuav thiab nqa nws tom qab nraub qaum thiab ib ncig ntawm lub caj dab.
Tab sis ua ntej tshaj plaws, cia peb tig mus rau lub hauv paus, uas yog, lub ntsiab lus los ntawm Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum. Nws hais cov lus hauv qab no:
Xws li yog zaj dab neeg, uas txhua yam yooj yim heev thiab tib lub sijhawm ntxaws ntxaws. Ntawd yog, nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los piav qhia cov ntawv zoo li no. Koj tsis tas yuav tsim dab tsi tshwj xeeb! Davi tuaj yeem hnav zoo li tus tub yug yaj, tsis muaj kev xaiv tshwj xeeb, thiab cuam tshuam nrog Goliath txhua yam yog qhov tseeb heev - lub kaus mom tooj liab, tooj liab tooj liab tooj liab thiab tooj liab hauv caug. Ib qho ntxiv, nws muaj rab hmuv nyob hauv nws txhais tes, thiab rab ntaj ntawm nws txoj siv, uas yog tub ntxhais hluas Daviv siv. Tam sim no cia saib yuav ua li cas qhov kev piav qhia no hloov pauv me me ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv.
