Nws yuav ua rau nws tus ntsuj plig raug ntaus rau cov neeg Filistine, thiab tus Tswv tau ua txoj kev cawm seej loj rau txhua tus neeg Ixayees; koj pom nws thiab zoo siab; vim li cas koj thiaj xav ua txhaum tawm tsam cov ntshav dawb huv thiab tua David yam tsis muaj laj thawj?
Thawj Phau Ntawv ntawm Lub Nceeg Vaj 19: 5
Cia peb pib nrog daim duab thaum ntxov ntawm David thiab Goliath los ntawm Fab Kis cov ntawv sau ntawm 700-799, uas nyob hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv nroog ntawm Fab Kis nroog ntawm Boulogne-sur-Mer. Nws cov pejxeem muaj tsuas yog 42 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv, txawm li cas los xij, hauv nws lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj tsawg heev cov ntawv sau nruab nrab thaum ub, ib qho uas muaj cov ntawv me me no, cov duab uas sib haum rau nws lub sijhawm.
Thiab ntawm no yog qhov me me los ntawm nto moo "Stuttgart Psalter", 801-850. Nws tau tsim hauv Paris, Fabkis, tab sis hnub no nws tau khaws cia hauv Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Württemberg, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Ntawm no Goliath tau hnav zoo li tus tub rog Frankish ib txwm muaj thiab txawm tias muaj daim ntaub thaiv nrog lub ntsej muag txawv, lub kaus mom Carolingian thiab rab ntaj sib txawv heev.
Goliath los ntawm "Dijon Bible" 1126-1150. Burgundy, Fabkis. (Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Hauv Cheeb Tsam ntawm Dijon) Nws hnav cov saw xa ntawv nrog lub hood thiab lub tes tsho dav, zoo ib yam ntawm Fab Kis cov ntawv xa khoom siv thoob plaws "lub sijhawm xa ntawv".
Lwm phau biblical uas peb txaus siab rau peb ntsib hauv nplooj ntawv ntawm qhov hu ua "Worms Bible" los ntawm Frankenhall, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, hnub tim 1148. (Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Askiv, London) Ntawm no, yog koj ua tib zoo saib, koj tuaj yeem pom meej tias Goliath tau hnav khaub ncaws hnav thiab muaj riam phom zoo ib yam li cov neeg caij nees Norman ntawm "canvas los ntawm Bayeux". Txawm hais tias ntau xyoo dhau los, cov tub rog ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd hauv Tebchaws Yelemees pom tias tsis muaj kev nkag siab ntau hauv kev hloov pauv lawv cov riam phom. Thiab qhov ntawd txaus rau lawv.
Phau Vajlugkub Winchester nto moo, 1160-1180 los ntawm Pierpont Morgan Library thiab Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv New York. Ntawm no ntawm Goliath yog daim ntawv xa tag nrho, lub kaus mom hlau uas muaj lub qhov ntswg, thiab daim npog ntsej muag zoo li almond. Ntawm daim ntaub thaiv - tus tug, txoj siv kom nws yooj yim los pov nws tom qab koj nraub qaum.
Peb twb tau xa mus rau qhov chaw no ntawm VO ntau dua ib zaug, thiab feem ntau qhov me me no los ntawm "Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum ntawm Matsievsky" (1240-1250) taug kev ob qho tib si hauv Is Taws Nem thiab hauv ntau yam ntawv luam tawm. Goliath hauv qhov me me ntawm nws tau piav qhia hauv lub tsho, thiab hauv "hlau", thiab txawm tias pleev xim "lub kaus mom", daim hlau zoo li daim hlau thiab daim hlau tiv thaiv ntawm ob txhais ceg hauv qab lub hauv caug, thaum nws lub hauv caug lawv tus kheej tau tiv thaiv los ntawm lub hauv caug cov ntaub qhwv Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov tub rog muaj kev zam rau lub tsho tiv no, thiab tsis muaj ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam piav txog Goliath hauv "khaub ncaws" khaub ncaws hnav ntxiv lawm. (Pierpont Morgan Library thiab Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv New York)
Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv cov saw xa cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv los ntawm lub taub hau mus rau ntiv taw, hauv lub tsho tiv no thiab daim hlau zoo li daim ntaub thaiv, Goliath tau piav qhia ntawm qhov me me los ntawm Soissons Psalter, 1200-1297. (Nroog Media Media Library ntawm Louis Aragon, Le Mans, Fabkis)
Tab sis qhov me me no, sau rau hauv daim ntawv loj, yog qhov nthuav heev. Ua ntej, lub sijhawm tsim. Txij li cov ntawv sau no los ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv hauv nroog ntawm nroog Lyon, uas qhov me me no nyob, hnub rov qab mus rau 1215-1240. Ntawd yog qhov tseeb, nws tau tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm zoo li "Phau Ntawv Matsievsky". Qhov thib ob, nws piav txog Philistine Goliath, tsis siv neeg zoo heev rau kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nws hnav cov saw saw leggings ntawm qhov pom tseeb dhau los, tab sis lub kaus mom hlau kaw nrog lub npog ntsej muag. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li cov lus nug tshwm sim, David ua li cas ntaus nws nrog pob zeb ntawm lub hauv pliaj, yog tias nws hnav lub kaus mom hlau ntawm nws lub taub hau … nrog lub npog ntsej muag?
Lwm Goliath nyob rau hauv lub tsho tiv no thiab quilted hauv caug pawm. Phau Vajlugkub rau Kev Coj Ncaj Ncees, 1225-1249 Paris. (National Library ntawm Austria, Vienna)
Ntawm no peb muaj thawj Goliath. Ntawm nws txhais taw nws twb muaj lub suab luag thiab hauv caug hauv ncoo, ib txwm rau Fabkis txoj kev sib tw ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tab sis ntawm nws lub xub pwg nws muaj … ellets, thiab vim li cas lawv txawv. Ntawd yog, "Goliath" no tsis tsuas yog ua raws lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj, tab sis ntxiv rau … hnav coj txawv txawv, yog tias kuv yuav hais li ntawd, ellets. Phau ntawv keeb kwm. Thawj ntu. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1300-1325 Saint-Omer, Fabkis. (National Library ntawm Fabkis, Paris)
Tej zaum, tej zaum, daim duab txawv tshaj plaws ntawm Goliath, uas tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog cov phiaj xwm hauv phau npaiv npaum li cas. Nws hnav lub kaus mom hlau nrog lub tsom iav ntawm nws lub taub hau, thiab nws tuag vim … nws tsis txo nws lub sijhawm! Los ntawm txoj kev, rau qee qhov laj thawj nws tsis muaj hmuv hlo li. Phau ntawv keeb kwm. OK. 1300-1325 xyoo Paris, Fab Kis. (Media Library ntawm Trojan Agglomeration, Troy zej zog, Fabkis)
Zoo, ntawm no peb pom ntawm Goliath muaj kaw tag nrho "lub kaus mom hlau loj". Ntawd yog, nws yog tus tub rog kom meej meej, vim tias cov tub rog me nyuam yaus tsis tau hnav lub kaus mom hlau zoo li no. Tab sis … nws zoo li tsis nco qab muab nws lub taub hau, yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tau txais lub tshuab ua rau lub hauv pliaj tuag rau ntawm lub hauv pliaj! "Daim iav ntawm Tib Neeg Txoj Kev cawm seej", txog 1350-1399. Nuremberg, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. (Tsev khaws puav pheej Pierpont Morgan thiab Tsev Qiv Ntawv, New York)
Lwm qhov me me ua kom pom tseeb tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntawv sau los ntawm Westphalia "Daim iav ntawm Tib Neeg Kev Cawm Dim" (1360). Nws piav txog Goliath hauv tus tub rog kaw lub kaus mom hlau ntawm hom "piam thaj", thiab txawm tias muaj lub suab raj ntawm lub kaus mom hlau thiab ntawm daim ntaub thaiv, uas yog, qhov no yog nws lub tsho tiv no! Nws hnav lub jupon lossis brigandine khawm nyob rau pem hauv ntej, thiab cov hnab looj tes phaj ntawm nws txhais tes. Thiab ntawm no yog cov duab piav qhia pob zeb tsoo nws hauv lub taub hau thiab txawm tias cov ntshav ntws! Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias cov kaus mom hlau nrog lub raj tau nrov heev nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, uas tseem tau lees paub los ntawm … cov duab! (Tsev Kawm Qib Siab thiab Xeev Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Darmstadt)
Qhov me me no qhia pom tus tub rog zoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th. Ib qho "kaus mom hlau", lub kaus mom kaus mom nrog lub visor, phaj leggings, lub hauv caug pawm thiab cov neeg tiv thaiv, thiab ntawm lub cev muaj luv jupon, muaj peev xwm nrog ob sab hauv ntawm cov hlau phaj. Muaj tus yam ntxwv gorget ntawm lub caj dab. "Breviary ntawm Martin ntawm Aragon". OK. 1398-1403 Catalonia, Spain. (Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Hauv Tebchaws, Madrid)
Saib ntawm daim duab no, ib tus tau txais kev tshoov siab tias nws tus kws sau ntawv tsis tau nyeem phau Vajlugkub hlo li. Tom qab tag nrho, David tshem tawm cov cuab yeej muab rau nws los ntawm Xa-u … "Keeb Kwm ntawm Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum thiab Kev Pom Zoo ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv", 1380-1399. Paris. (Tsev khaws puav pheej Pierpont Morgan thiab Tsev Qiv Ntawv, New York)
Raws li rau daim duab ntawm Goliath ntawm no ntawm qhov me me los ntawm 1400, nws tsuas yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm qhov pib ntawm "era ntawm cov cuab yeej dawb". Goliath los ntawm lub taub hau mus rau ko taw tau hnav cov ris tsho tiv thaiv, "daim tiab" zoo li lub khob neeg ncig tebchaws ua los ntawm cov nplhaib sib tshooj, lub kaus mom kaus mom hauv qab nrog lub visor tshem tawm ntawm nws lub taub hau, tab sis aventail tseem yog saw xa ntawv. "Daim iav ntawm Tib Neeg Txoj Kev cawm seej", 1400 Yorkshire, Askiv. (Tsev khaws puav pheej Pierpont Morgan thiab Tsev Qiv Ntawv, New York)
Qhov me me 1410 Thiab ntawm nws Goliath muaj lub kaus mom hlau sib tw ua si "hma taub hau" ntawm nws xub pwg. Ntawd yog, tus sau me me pom cov kaus mom hlau ntawm kev sib tw, tab sis tam sim no tsis paub txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua tub rog uas nws pleev xim rau tus tub rog uas tawm mus ua rog, thaum lub kaus mom hlau ntawd tsis tau hnav hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua! Thiab rau qee qhov laj thawj nws kos qee "rake" ua riam phom rau nws. Ntxiv mus, tsis yog ib qho "lus qhia" ntawm yam zoo no tau mus txog rau peb thiab yeej tsis tau piav qhia txog lwm yam me me! "Daim iav ntawm Tib Neeg Txoj Kev cawm seej", 1410 Basel, Switzerland. (National Library ntawm Fabkis, Paris)
Qhov "Goliath Kawg" nyob rau hauv peb cov yeeb yam me me zoo li tus raug "hloov pauv" tus tub rog: lub lauj kaub forged, phaj npog rau caj npab thiab txhais ceg, tab sis saw saw thiab aventail. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm ntau cov duab. Nws nkag siab tias vim li cas nws thiaj tsis muaj ntaub thaiv npog. Nrog cov cuab yeej zoo li no, lub sijhawm no, daim ntaub thaiv tsis tau hnav lawm. SBB Uas. noob. cov fol."World Chronicle", Munich, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, 1410-1415. (Xeev Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Berlin)
Yog li, peb pom tias daim duab ntawm Goliath cov cuab yeej siv tub rog tau hloov pauv nyob rau lub sijhawm, thiab zoo ib yam nws tau hloov ntawm cov duab puab - cov duab. Txij li ob qho tib si zoo nkauj thiab cov duab me me feem ntau yog hnub tim, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv riam phom, uas tau lees paub los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv - cov khoom lag luam, cov ntawv tshaj tawm, kev muag khoom cog lus, kev sib tham ntawm huab tais thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm nom tswv. Ntawd yog, hla kev hais txog. Pom tseeb, cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li no tsis tuaj yeem raug dag, lossis tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv pom rau nws. Nws zoo li tus dej, uas tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas koj tso zis, koj lub dag zog tseem yuav tsis pom! Yog li, hauv daim ntawv me me los ntawm cov ntawv sau nruab nrab, peb muaj qhov chaw ntseeg tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov cuab yeej ua rog thiab riam phom ntawm lawv lub sijhawm - qhov no yog, ua ntej, thiab qhov thib ob, qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib tham txog keeb kwm ntawm riam phom ntawm ntau pua xyoo dhau los.
