Cov qib ntawm cov tub rog tau sib xyaw, lawv nyob hauv ntau pua, thiab txhua tus tau ntaus thiab tawm tsam, siv riam phom.
Tus Tswv yuav xaiv leej twg, yuav xa kev vam meej mus rau leej twg?
Muaj koj tuaj yeem pom pob zeb tuag xyoo, Ntau ntawm cov saw hlau uas tau tawg thiab cov cuab yeej raug tshem tawm, Thiab txoj kev hmuv thiab cov hniav ob leeg mob thiab sting.
Thiab lub ntuj nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov xub zoo li qhov no, Zoo li yog nag los nag los ntawm ib puas me me sieve!
(Nkauj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv Albigensians. Lessa 207. Txhais los ntawm Cov Neeg Lij Choj Qub los ntawm I. Belavin)
Cov cheeb tsam no suav nrog tag nrho lub tebchaws qub ntawm Fabkis sab qab teb ntawm Loire River thiab ntau yam tam sim no hu ua Midi-Pyrenees, thaj av loj tshaj plaws ntawm Fabkis, npog thaj tsam loj dua qee lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe xws li Denmark, Switzerland lossis Netherlands. Thaj chaw uas tau txiav txim siab suav nrog Duchy ntawm Aquitaine loj, Duchy me me ntawm Gascony, thiab ntau qhov me me baronies thiab marquisates. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 11th, nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb kev coj noj coj ua, nws tus kheej lus (Occitan) thiab nws tus kheej cov tub rog kev coj noj coj ua tau tsim ntawm no.
Tej yam me me "David thiab Goliath" los ntawm Stephen Harding Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum 1109-1111. (Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Hauv Nroog Dijon)
Hauv nruab nrab ntawm XII xyoo pua, yuav luag tag nrho cheeb tsam, tshwj tsis yog Lub Nroog Toulouse, poob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm Lub Nroog Anjou. Henry, Earl ntawm Anjou, tau los ua Vaj Ntxwv Henry II ntawm Askiv, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim tias ntau ntawm thaj chaw no tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Angevin faj tim teb chaws loj heev (lo lus siv los ntawm qee tus kws sau keeb kwm, nws tsis yog hu ua tiag), ncab los ntawm Scotland mus rau Ciam teb Spanish Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias Fab Kis txoj cai huab tais xav tias tsuas yog yuav tsum ua kom puas lub xeev no hauv lub xeev, txawm hais tias nws feem ntau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog kev cai lij choj-kev cai lij choj yog kev xav rau Fabkis txoj yas. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1180 thiab kev tshwm sim ntawm Ntau pua Xyoo Tsov Rog nyob rau xyoo 1337, cov vaj ntxwv ntawm Fabkis tau tswj hwm kom txo qis thaj tsam ntawm Fabkis sab qab teb, uas tau tswj hwm los ntawm cov vaj ntxwv Askiv, mus rau sab qab teb ntawm lub nroog Sentonge, uas yog ib feem ntawm Duchy ntawm Aquitaine, uas nws tau dhau los ua tus tswv ntawm Askiv xyoo 1154, thiab sab hnub poob Gascony.
Bas-nyem piav txog kev sib ntaus sib tua horsemen (Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Martin, Vomecourt-sur-Madon, Canton of Charm, Epinal koog tsev kawm ntawv, Vosges, Grand Est, Fabkis)
Ib zaug ntxiv, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws yog sab qab teb ntawm Fab Kis, thiab siab dua tag nrho Lub Nroog Toulouse, uas yog lub zog ruaj khov ntawm Albigensians, uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj (1209 - 1229), uas qhov tseeb yog kev ua tsov rog ntawm kab lis kev cai rov qab sab qaum teb tawm tsam sab qab teb. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm kab lis kev cai: piv txwv li, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua phem tau nkag mus rau thaj tsam sab qaum teb ntawm Fabkis, tab sis nyob rau sab qab teb kev ua tub rog ntawm Sab Qaum Teb tau nce ntau.
Militia ntawm Northern Fabkis. Txhuv. Angus McBride.
Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem hais tias Fabkis tsis muaj hmoo nyob hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog, vim tias leej twg tsis tawm tsam nws thaum ntawd. Cia peb pib nrog lub xyoo pua VIII thiab … yuav tsis txaus los khoov koj cov ntiv tes kom suav tag nrho cov neeg uas tau txeeb nws thaj chaw. Xyoo 732, Cov Neeg As Kiv tau tawm tsam Fab Kis thiab mus txog Tours. Xyoo 843, raws li Kev Pom Zoo ntawm Verdun, lub xeev Frankish tau muab faib ua ntu: Nruab Nrab, Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Sab Hnub Poob. Paris tau dhau los ua peev ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Frankish lub nceeg vaj, thiab twb yog xyoo 845 nws tau raug kaw thiab tom qab ntawd tau nyiag los ntawm Vikings. Hauv 885-886 lawv tau siege rau nws dua. Muaj tseeb, lub sijhawm no lawv tau tiv thaiv Paris. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias Vikings sab laug, tab sis tsuas yog tom qab lawv tau them nyiaj 700 livres lossis … 280 kg! Hauv 911, 913, 934, 954cov cheeb tsam hauv nruab nrab tau raug tsoo los ntawm Hungarians. Lawv tau tawm tsam Sab Qab Teb ntawm Fabkis xyoo 924 thiab 935.
Ntawd yog, yav dhau los Carolingian faj tim teb chaws raug hem los ntawm Vikings los ntawm sab qaum teb, Magyars los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab Arabs los ntawm sab qab teb! Ntawd yog, Fab Kis lub tebchaws txog 1050 yuav tsum tau txhim kho tiag hauv lub nplhaib ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, tsis hais txog kev ua tsov ua rog sab hauv los ntawm qhov tshwm sim xws li kev sib cav tsis sib haum xeeb.
Tsuas yog cov tub rog caij nees tuaj yeem tawm tsam tag nrho cov tshuab no. Thiab nws tau tshwm sim hauv Fab Kis, uas tau lees paub los ntawm qhov paub zoo "paj ntaub los ntawm Bayeux", thiab ntau qhov me me los ntawm cov ntawv sau, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cov duab, uas tsis muaj tsawg dua, yog tias tsis ntau, hauv Fabkis dua li nyob ze Askiv. Tab sis nws twb tau hais ntawm no tias ntau ntawm lawv raug kev txom nyem nyob rau xyoo ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Fab Kis Zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, dab tsi uas muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no yog txaus txaus los kho tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv uas cov tub rog caij nees ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Fabkis tau hla "peb" peb pua xyoo.
Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb uas peb nco tseg: ntawm qhov me me ntawm ob qho 1066 thiab 1100-1111, uas yog, kwv yees li ib nrab xyoo dhau los, cov tub rog tau piav yuav luag zoo ib yam. Piv txwv li, Goliath los ntawm Harding Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum thiab cov tub rog nyob hauv kev pab cawm hauv lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Martin hauv lub zos Vomecourt-sur-Madon hauv Vosges zoo ib yam. Ntawm qhov pib-nyem, cov tub rog ua haujlwm tsis txawv ntawm cov uas tau piav qhia ntawm "paj ntaub los ntawm Bayeux". Lawv muaj lub kaus mom hlau zoo ib yam thiab daim npog ntsej muag zoo li almond. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv tsis txawv ntawm cov duab ib txwm ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Russia, leej twg muaj lub kaus mom hlau zoo ib yam thiab zoo li tus txiv ntseej lossis "serpentine" (qhov no yog li cas lawv raug hu ua lus Askiv keeb kwm keeb kwm) ntaub thaiv npog!
Tus tub rog nrog tus ntawv loj los ntawm Fab Kis phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Phau Ntawv Nkauj 1150-1200. (University of Montpellier Library, Montpellier, Fab Kis)
Txawm li cas los xij, twb tau nyob hauv 1150 - 1200. Cov tub rog Fabkis tau hnav cov saw xa ntawv los ntawm lub taub hau mus rau ntiv taw, uas yog, hauv cov ntawv xa xov hauberg nrog braided saw xa mittens, txawm hais tias thaum xub thawj lub tes tsho ntawm cov saw xa mus txog tsuas yog lub luj tshib. Bayeux Tapestry qhia peb paub txog kev ua neeg ncaj ncees nrog txoj hlua xa ntawv ntawm lawv ob txhais ceg, khi tom nraub qaum nrog hlua lossis hlua. Feem coob ntawm cov tub rog tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ob txhais ceg no. Tab sis tam sim no yuav luag txhua tus tub rog hauv cov khoom me me tau pom hnav hauv chausses woven los ntawm cov saw xa ntawv. Lawv twb hnav cov ris tsho hla lawv cov saw xa ntawv. Nyob rau lub sijhawm 100 xyoo, daim thaiv thaiv kite tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv daim duab peb sab daim iav nrog lub tiaj tiaj.
Tus Crusader los ntawm Cov Piv Txwv Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum 1190-1200. (Royal National Library ntawm Netherlands, Lub Hague). Ua tib zoo saib kom dhau los ntawm lub sijhawm no tiv thaiv ob txhais ceg, uas tuaj yeem pom txawm tias ntawm "paj ntaub los ntawm Bayeux".
Cov kaus mom hlau kuj tau hloov pauv lawv cov duab. Lub kaus mom hlau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub dome nrog lub qhov ntswg tau tshwm sim, thiab rau lub kaus mom hlau nrog lub taub hau saum lub taub hau, nws pib khoov rau pem hauv ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, hais txog kev kos duab ntawm "Winchester Bible" (1165-1170), peb yuav pom tias, txawm hais tias qhov ntev ntawm cov saw xa ntawv tseem zoo ib yam li hauv 1066, daim duab ntawm tus tub rog pom kev hloov pauv ntau, txij li kev zam zoo li hnav lawv ntev caftans nrog pob taws, thiab xim zoo ib yam! Ntawd yog, kev nce qib hauv kev ua tub rog tau tshwm sim, tau kawg, tab sis nws tau qeeb heev.
Cov tub rog Fabkis nyob hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm XII caug xyoo. Txhuv. Angus McBride.
Cov saw xa los ntawm tus tswv Penza A. Davydov raws cov saw xa khoom tawg nyob hauv Zolotarevskoye kev sib hais haum, uas yog, rov qab mus rau 1236. Raws nraim 23,300 lub nplhaib tau siv los ua nws. Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla yog 12.5 hli, sab hauv txoj kab uas hla yog 8.5 hli, tuab ntawm lub nplhaib yog 1.2 hli. Chain xa ntawv hnyav 9.6 kg. Tag nrho cov rings yog riveted.
Ib tug duel ntawm knights. Fresco, ncig 1232-1266 (Ntauwd ntawm Ferrande, Perne-le-Fontaine, Fabkis). Ntawm no, raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, pam pam nees twb muaj tam sim no, thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, forged lub hauv caug. Zoo, tau kawg, nws tau qhia tau zoo heev tias rab hmuv rau lub caj dab, txawm tias tiv thaiv los ntawm cov saw xa ntawv, yog tiv tsis taus.
Fab Kis cov tub rog ntawm Albigensian kev tsov kev rog thiab tus thawj coj ntawm sab qaum teb crusaders, Simon de Montfort, tua nrog pob zeb pov tseg thaum lub sijhawm Toulouse raug kaw. Txhuv. Angus McBride. Cov kaus mom hlau pleev xim rau (pleev xim rau siv los tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm xeb), cov khaub ncaws hnav hauv qab cov ris tsho tiv thaiv thiab tib lub hauv caug los tau zoo ib yam.
Pib ntawm XIII xyoo pua. cim los ntawm tus lej ntawm kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv cov tub rog hnav khaub ncaws. Yog li, cov ntaub thaiv npog tseem me dua, cov ntawv xa tam sim no tau npog tag nrho lub cev ntawm tus tub rog, tab sis quilted "kav dej" nrog lub taub hau forged "khob" tau siv los tiv thaiv lub hauv caug. Txawm hais tias, dua, tsis yog txhua tus hnav lawv thaum xub thawj. Tab sis maj mam qhov tshiab tau nkag mus rau hauv kev siv dav.
Carcassonne daim duab. Daim ntawv dav dav.
Hauv lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Carcassonne muaj qhov tsis qhia npe ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, coj los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ze ntawm La Grasse thiab uas, txawm tias muaj kev puas tsuaj rau nws, qhia meej meej rau peb qhov kev hloov pauv feem ntau hauv cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm xyoo no. Ntawm nws peb pom lub tsho tshaj sab, nrog ob lub tsho ntawm caj npab tau muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv siab. Ntxiv mus, qhov no tsis yog lub tsho ntawm caj npab ntawm tsev neeg Trancavel. Nyob rau nws yog ib lub fortress nrog ib tus pej thuam thiab ciam teb. Nws tau paub tias txij li lub sijhawm thaum Robert I ntawm Anjou hauv Fab Kis "tsim" ciam teb, nws tau kis thoob plaws hauv Europe tam sim, thiab hauv qhov kev hloov pauv ntau yam, kev coj ua thiab kev coj ua, thiab hauv Spain nws tau ua tiav tshwj xeeb. Hauv Fab Kis, nws tau pib siv rau qhov cua (hloov kho) ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab thiab suav nrog hauv lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm tus tub thib peb. Ntawd yog, nws yog lub tsho ntawm caj npab ntawm qee tus tub rog Spanish lossis Fabkis ib tus, tab sis tus tub thib peb, qee tus tswv ncaj ncees. Nrhiav qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ib qho laj thawj yooj yim. Peb paub lub sijhawm kwv yees ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus tswv ntawm effigia thiab … peb pom nws cov cuab yeej ua rog. Nws hnav cov saw xa ntawv hauberk, tab sis nws ob txhais ceg hauv qab lub hauv caug tau npog nrog cov leeg lub cev thiab sabatons ua los ntawm cov phaj yam ntxwv ntawm Spain. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov cuab yeej zoo li no tsuas tuaj yeem hnav los ntawm cov neeg muaj nyiaj ntau, vim tias lawv tsis tau nthuav dav. Thiab effigia nws tus kheej loj heev (saib daim duab), thiab cov duab puab loj dua, kim dua nws yog, tau kawg!
Surcoat nrog lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab thiab saw hlau hood nrog tus yam ntxwv nrov plig plawg. Tsev fuabtais ntawm Carcassonne.
Ob txhais ceg ntawm Carcassonne cov duab. Cov loops ntawm qhov flap ntawm txhais caj npab thiab rivets ntawm Sabaton daim hlau tau pom meej.
Los ntawm txoj kev, txog qhov tseeb tias rau qee lub sijhawm ntawm cov tub rog muaj kev zam rau cov duab ntawm lub tsho loj ntawm caj npab ntawm lub mis ntawm lub tsho tshaj sab. David Nicole, hauv nws phau ntawv "Fab Kis Cov Tub Rog hauv Pua Ntau Xyoo Tsov Rog", hais txog daim duab ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Bramewac los ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th raws li piv txwv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv dhau los uas tau khaws cia ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd nyob hauv cov chaw deb ntawm sab qab teb Fabkis. Ntawm nws peb txawm pom peb lub tsho loj ntawm ib sab tes: ib qho loj ntawm lub hauv siab thiab ob lub tsho ntawm caj npab ntawm lub tes tsho.
Effigia Senor Bramevac. Ib qho ntawm qhov ntxa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Notre Dame Cathedral, Saint-Bertrand-de-Cominges, Haute-Garonne, Fabkis.
Qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev ua tub rog ntawm XIII xyoo pua yog "Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum ntawm Matsievsky (lossis" Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum ntawm Crusader "), tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Fabkis Saint Louis IX qhov chaw nyob hauv 1240-1250. Nws cov duab me me piav qhia txog cov tub rog thiab tub rog tub rog, ua tub rog zoo hauv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb ntawm lub sijhawm no rau Fabkis, uas yog tus tswv cuab. Tom qab tag nrho, tus uas piav qhia nws yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem nyob deb ntawm huab tais, nws cov neeg siv khoom. Thiab pom tau tias nws tau paub zoo heev hauv txhua qhov kev nyuaj ntawm kev ua tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv nws qhov me me, cov neeg caij tsheb hauv phaj leggings tsis tuaj. Li no, nws tau tso cai los xaus tias lawv twb tau nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Fab Kis, tab sis nyob rau sab qaum teb - lub sijhawm no lawv tseem tsis tau muaj!
Scene los ntawm "The Maciejewski Bible" (Morgan Library and Museum, New York). Lub hauv paus daim duab yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws nyuaj hais tias dab neeg hauv phau npaiv npaum tsim lub hauv paus ntawm qhov me me no, tab sis nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas nws tuav nws "lub kaus mom loj" hauv nws txhais tes. Thaj nws tsis yooj yim heev hauv nws. Cov yam ntxwv yog qhov mob tshwm sim hauv qhov me me - ib txhais tes uas raug txiav ib nrab, lub kaus mom hlau txiav los ntawm rab ntaj, rab ntaj ntawm lub ntsej muag.
Tib lub sijhawm, yog tias peb saib tus naj npawb ntawm cov duab thaum ntxov xyoo pua 14th, suav nrog cov duab ntawm Robert II lub Noble, Count d'Artois (1250-1302), uas poob ntawm Battle of Courtray, nws yooj yim rau pom tias nws twb muaj leggings ntawm nws txhais taw. yog tam sim no. Ntawd yog, thaum pib ntawm XIV xyoo pua, lawv tau nkag mus rau lub neej niaj hnub ntawm kev sib cav sib ceg twb nyob txhua qhov chaw, tsis yog nyob rau Sab Qab Teb, tab sis kuj nyob rau Sab Qaum Teb.
Effigy ntawm Robert II lub Noble, Suav d'Artois. (Basilica ntawm Saint-Denis, Paris)
Lwm qhov zoo nkauj nrog cov phaj npog npog thiab saw xa sabatons. (Cathedral ntawm Corbeil-Esson, Esson, Fabkis)
Chain-mail mittens tau khaws cia zoo ntawm daim duab no. Pom tseeb, lawv tau ncaj ncaj rau lub tes tsho. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlais tau ua hauv xib teg kom tso cai rau lawv tshem tawm. Nws tsuas yog qhov ntxim nyiam txawm tias lawv tau nruj nrog qee txoj hlua lossis tsis, vim tias tsis yog, thaum tshav kub kub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, xws li tus nplaig tuaj yeem plam txhais tes ntawm lub sijhawm tsis zoo tshaj plaws.
Effigia txhais tes los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Corbeil-Esson. Kaw duab.
Cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm tau muaj txoj sia nyob, uas tau sau tsis ntev ua ntej pib Pua pua Xyoo Tsov Rog, thiab uas tau piav qhia txog txheej txheem ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws Fabkis tus tub rog nyob hauv cov cuab yeej. Yog li, thawj tus tub rog yuav tsum tau hnav lub tsho xoob sab nraud thiab … zuag nws cov plaub hau.
Tom qab ntawd tig los txog ntawm cov thom khwm thiab khau tawv. Tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm tus tiv thaiv thiab lub hauv caug uas ua los ntawm cov hlau lossis "tawv tawv", lub tsho uas muaj ntaub qhwv-aketon thiab saw xa nrog lub hood. Lub plhaub tau hnav dua nws, zoo ib yam li lub poncho ua los ntawm cov hlau hlau xaws rau ntawm daim ntaub thiab npog lub caj pas nrog lub phaj dab tshos. Tag nrho cov no tau muab zais rau hauv lub tsho caftan nrog tus tub rog lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm nws. Ntawm ob txhais tes yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm daim ntawv tais diav uas ua los ntawm daim hlau whalebone, thiab txoj hlua rau rab ntaj hla lub xub pwg. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd thaum kawg nws tau hnav lub kaus mom hlau hnyav lossis lub hauv paus sib zog nrog lossis tsis muaj lub tsom iav. Cov ntaub thaiv npog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd twb tau siv tsawg heev.
Peb pom thawj lub kaus mom hlau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj uas ua los ntawm cov hlau sib tshooj nyob hauv Phau Ntawv Keeb Kwm ntawm Baduan d'Avesna, puag ncig 1275-1299. (Nroog Xov Xwm Media ntawm Arras, Fabkis). Knights tsis yooj yim hnav xws li ersatz, tab sis rau cov tub rog hauv nroog lub kaus mom hlau no yog qhov yog.
Cov riam phom thiab cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm cov tub rog hauv nroog tau sib txawv heev hauv lawv qhov zoo. Ntxiv mus, txij li lub nroog tus kws lij choj feem ntau yuav siv riam phom rau cov tub rog, lawv feem ntau siv tsis txawm los ntawm ib tus, tab sis los ntawm ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov tub rog. Riam phom feem ntau tau yuav, tab sis ntoo thaiv feem ntau tau ua ntawm qhov chaw, nws tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj. Raws li txoj cai, cov neeg hla hneev tau muaj cov cuab yeej ua tiav ntau dua li cov hneev taw, txij li thaum lub sij hawm raug kaw ntawm lub tsev fuabtais lossis lub nroog nws yog lawv uas tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam nrog lawv tus tiv thaiv, uas tseem raug rho tawm ntawm hneev. Kev khaws cia, piv txwv li, yog cov npe khoom siv uas tus hneev tua hneev taw npe hu ua Gerand Quesnel tau txais los ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm Clos de Gale hauv Rouen xyoo 1340. Raws li nws, Gerand tau muab lub plhaub, lub corset, feem ntau yuav yog cov saw xa ntawv, uas yuav tsum tau hnav hauv qab lub plhaub, tawv tawv thiab, ntxiv rau, lub phaj dab tshos.
Cov qub tub rog ntawm Clos de Gale hauv Rouen tau tsim cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, lub cav thaiv, nkoj, txawm hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws crossbows tseem tuaj ntawm Toulouse. Thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Xaum Ib Xyoo, lub nroog no tuaj yeem tsim cov twv txiaj uas tau npog nrog lo lo ntxhuav thiab hlua nrog cov ntaub, daim npog ntsej muag rau cov tub rog thiab lawv cov nees, cov phuam qhwv caj dab, lub kaus mom hauv tsev teev ntuj nrog cov teb, cov hnab looj tes sib ntaus thiab ntau yam ntaub thaiv npog (xim dawb lossis pleev xim rau xim) ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Fabkis thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab golden lilies). Nws tsim riam phom, hmuv, dart darts, Norman axes, paub hauv tebchaws Askiv li Danish axes, tus hneev taw thiab rab hneev tes, thiab ntau tus hneev taub hau taub hau, uas tau ntim rau hauv cov thawv hauv cov thawv hlau. Los ntawm txoj kev, thawj qhov hais txog ntawm kev sim cov cuab yeej ua rog hauv Fab Kis kuj tau pom hauv cov ntawv los ntawm Rouen, yos rov qab rau xyoo 1340.
Thaum Muaj Kev Tsov Rog Ntau Xyoo, thaj tsam ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog uas tau tsim hauv Clos de Galle tau ntxiv los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv qiv los ntawm cov tebchaws. Piv txwv li, kev tsim cov plhaub Genoese tau npog nrog cov ntaub thiab cov ntaub pua plag, nrog rau phaj dab tshos, tau hais hauv daim ntawv ntawm 1347 tau tsim los ntawm no. Qhov saw xa ntawv nyob rau lub sijhawm no maj mam poob nws cov hnab looj tes thiab lub kaus mom, thiab nws lub tes tsho thiab hem tau tas li luv kom txog thaum nws hloov mus ua haubergon luv. Cov txheej txheem thaum ub ntawm cuirass, raws li tam sim no ntseeg, tau ua los ntawm "tawv tawv", ntxiv rau, txiav txim los ntawm qee qhov zoo nkauj - ib daim hlab ntawm cov hlau sib tshooj ib leeg. Ntau lub tsho tiv thaiv muaj ntaub npog, txawm hais tias, piv txwv li, daim ntawv Fab Kis ntawm 1337 qhia txog lub plhaub uas tsis muaj ntaub npog, tab sis muaj tawv tawv. Ntawd yog, muaj cov neeg zoo li no siv tau zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd!
Richard de Jaucourt - duab ntawm 1340 - (Abbey ntawm Saint -Saint -l'Abbé, Cote d'Or, Fabkis)
Keeb kwm, caj npab thiab txhais ceg tau ua los ntawm cov tawv tawv tawv thiab hlau. Yog li, xyoo 1340 hauv Clos de Gale, cov bracers ua los ntawm cov phaj tau hais. Lub puab tsaig puab tsaig, txhawb nqa cov saw hlau aventail uas nqis los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub xub pwg, tau nthuav dav txij li xyoo 1330s, thiab ib ntawm thawj Fab Kis hais txog ntawm lub phaj dab tshos hnub rov qab mus rau 1337. Vim li cas, lub kaus mom hlau loj tau ua hauv cov khoom siv no tau teev tseg ntawm … cov khoom siv hauv nkoj. Zoo, thawj lub hauv paus, uas tau ua ntawm no, tau tso tawm xyoo 1336, thiab nws tuaj yeem yog lub kaus mom hlau yooj yim hemispherical-tus nplij siab (hnav nrog "lub kaus mom loj") thiab lub kaus mom hlau nrog lub qhov rooj txav tau, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm yog tias tsim nyog. Tsis tas li, txoj kev tshawb fawb Fab Kis cov duab qhia pom tias cov hlau sabatons tau tshwm sim ntawm no ntau dua li lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, uas yog xyoo 1340!
Kev kos duab ntawm Angus McBride tsuas yog piav qhia txog tus tub rog hauv cov khaub ncaws zoo li no.
Qhov teeb meem ntawm knights 'kev qhia ntawm ib leeg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, pom tseeb, yog qhov tseem ceeb heev txawm tias tom qab ntawd. Thiab ntawm no peb pom meej meej tsawg kawg yog ob "kev sim" hauv thaj chaw no. Thaum xub thawj, lub tsho ntawm caj npab tau xaws (lossis xaws rau ntawm cov khaub ncaws), tab sis nyob rau thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th lawv tau pib ua cov duab ntawm ellets - lub xub pwg pluaj ua los ntawm duab los qhia, "tawv tawv" lossis plywood, txiav nrog cov ntaub xim. Pom tseeb, lub hauv paus ruaj khov ua rau nws muaj peev xwm pom tau zoo dua ntawm lub caj dab, thiab nws yuav tau ntim nrog cov ntshav tsawg dua yog tias nws tau xaws ntawm lub tsho loj ntawm lub hauv siab. Ntxiv mus, lawv tuaj yeem yog ob qho puag ncig thiab square, thiab txawm tias zoo li … lub siab!
Fabkis cov tub rog me me los ntawm cov ntawv sau "Morals of Ovid", 1330 (National Library of France, Paris)
Yog li, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias thaj tsam yav qab teb thiab nruab nrab ntawm Fab Kis tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho riam phom los ntawm 1050 txog 1350. Ntau qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab tau raug sim ntawm no thiab qhia rau hauv kev xyaum siv ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias nyob rau ntau pua Xyoo Kev Tsov Rog, Fab Kis tus tub rog tseem hnav cov saw xa ntawv uas tsis tiv thaiv tiag tiag los ntawm hneev tua hneev thiab hneev taw, tsuas yog lawv ob txhais ceg tau txais npog hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab lub hauv caug, tab sis kev txhim kho tsis cuam tshuam kev tiv thaiv hauv kev sib ntaus ntawm qhov deb. … Nws yog vim kev tiv thaiv tsis txaus ntawm lawv cov neeg caij nees uas Fab Kis poob ob qho kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Crécy xyoo 1346 thiab Kev Sib Tw ntawm Poitiers hauv 1356 …
Cov ntaub ntawv:
1. Nicolle, D. Fab Kis cov tub rog nruab nrab nruab nrab 1000-1300. L.: Osprey Publishing (Men-at-arms series No. 231), 1991.
2. Verbruggen, JF The Art of Warfare in Western Europe during the Middle Ages from the Yim Century to 1340. Amsterdam - N. Y. Oxford, 1977.
3. DeVries, K. Infantry Warfare in the Early Fourteenth Century. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Xovxwm, 1996.
4. Curry, A. Pua pua Xyoo Tsov Rog 1337-1453. Oxford, Osprey Publishing (Keeb Kwm Tseem Ceeb 19), 2002.
5. Nicolle, D. Crecy, 1346: Triumph of the Black Prince, Osprey Publishing (Campaign # 71), 2000.
6. Nicolle, D. Poitiers 1356: Kev Ntiav Tus Vaj Ntxwv, Kev Tshaj Tawm Osprey (phiaj xwm # 138), 2004.
7. Nicole, D. Fab Kis pab tub rog nyob rau Pua Tsaug Xyoo Tsov Rog / Per. los ntawm lus Askiv NA Fenogenov. M.: LLC AST Publishing House; Astrel Publishing House LLC, 2004.
