Shuvalov's "Secret Howitzer"

Shuvalov's "Secret Howitzer"
Shuvalov's "Secret Howitzer"

Video: Shuvalov's "Secret Howitzer"

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Anonim
Duab
Duab

Riam phom los ntawm tsev cia puav pheej. Thaum kawm ntawm Leningrad Institute of Railway Engineers, Kuv tau nyob hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm lub tsev nyob ntawm Petrogradskaya sab, ib sab ntawm Peter thiab Paul Fortress. Txij li thaum kuv tau kos duab tso tsheb hlau luam thiab dav hlau txij thaum menyuam yaus, Kuv tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cov Tub Rog Engineering thiab Tub Rog Loj. Lub koob yees duab rau tus tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog khoom kim heev uas tsis tuaj yeem siv tau. Yog li kuv yuav cov nkauj thiab mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hnub so, txij li nws tau taug kev tsib feeb los ntawm lub tsev so, thiab kuv kos txhua yam kuv ua tau. Cannons, phom, ntaj thiab chij. Cavalrymen nrog tha xim rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Txog tam sim no, Kuv zoo siab rau nplooj los ntawm cov qub albums daj. Qee qhov riam phom tsis pom ib txwm pom hauv daim duab. Thiab hauv phau ntawv koj yuav tsis pom tag nrho cov caj npab me me ntawm 17th-19th ib puas xyoo. Txog thaum 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ib tus tuaj yeem tsis tshua nyeem txog riam phom hauv cov ntawv nyiam.

Duab
Duab

Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm tau them nyiaj ntau dua rau kev piav qhia ntawm cov xwm txheej ntau dua li cov txheej txheem kev siv riam phom ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Tom qab nyeem V. Pikul cov ntawv tshiab "Cwj mem thiab Ntaj", Kuv zoo siab pib khawb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Xya Xyoo Tsov Rog, hmoov zoo, raws li tus nyeem ntawv muaj kev ntseeg, kuv tau nkag mus rau qhov dawb huv ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv nroog hauv kuv haiv neeg Velikiye Luki. Thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv lub tsev qiv ntawv tau khaws cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm zoo, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb.

Duab
Duab

Alas, tshwj tsis yog cov lus piav qhia thiab cov tswv yim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, pom me me.

Ib qho ntxiv, txoj kev kawm tau siv sijhawm ntau. Kuv yog, raws li cov tub ntxhais hluas niaj hnub no hais, "botanist". Ntawd yog, nws plowed nws tus kheej. Tshwj xeeb "kev tsim vaj tsev thiab kev tsim vaj tsev" thiab txawm tias tshwj xeeb hauv chav "Architecture" - cov no yog cov duab kos, kos duab thiab rov kos duab. Tsis tas li ntawd, khoos phis tawj tau loj npaum li lub hauv siab ntawm lub tub rau khoom thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau tsuas yog kev suav ua ntej. Muaj tseeb, cov laij lej tau tshwm sim. Hauv tsev "Electronics" muaj qhov loj me me. Thiab kev xa khoom "Casio" thiab "Citizen" tau hnyav rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Lawv yeej tsis npau suav txog kev kos duab hauv computer.

Shuvalov's "Secret Howitzer"
Shuvalov's "Secret Howitzer"

Txawm li cas los xij, kev mus rau Artillery Museum ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim kev paub txog riam phom ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd kom ntxaws. Ob pab tub rog Lavxias thiab Prussian. Hmoov zoo, ob qho khoom siv hauv tsev thiab ntes tau muaj ntau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej.

Muaj ntau lub cannons ntawm pre-Petrine era nyob hauv cov tsev thiab hauv thaj chaw qhib ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov nthuav heev los kos cov thoob tsis muaj phom tsheb. Cannons los ntawm lub sijhawm Narva thiab Poltava: alas, cov duab kos tsis tau dim. Ib qhov twg kuv "tseb" lawv thaum tsiv. Tab sis rau Xya Xyoo Tsov Rog, cov duab tau raug khaws cia.

Thiab txawm hais tias kuv qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshaj tawm yog cov duab hauv cov ntawv xov xwm thiab phau ntawv, hom ntawv sau ntawv tsis yog neeg txawv rau kuv ib yam.

Duab
Duab

Muaj ib hnub, khaws kuv cov ntawv khaws cia, Kuv pom cov duab ntawm cov phom ntawm Xya Xyoo Tsov Rog. Xws li Shuvalov howitzers. Vim li cas ho tsis tham txog lawv? Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau dhau los ua ntej ntawm riam phom uas tau txais lub npe "unicorns" hauv pab tub rog Lavxias thiab tau ua haujlwm ncaj ncees rau ntau dua 100 xyoo.

Duab
Duab

Tib yam V. Pikul tau sau (thov txim, tsis yog lus), lawv hais tias, muab lub qhov, thav duab nrog tooj dag - thiab koj yuav tau txais phom. Qhov tseeb, tsis yog txhua yam yooj yim heev.

Tsim cov tub rog tsis tu ncua, Peter Kuv tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev tsim cov phom loj. Cov tub rog Lavxias tshiab tau txais los ntawm cov tub rog streltsy cov phom loj uas tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm. Cov no yog cov phom thiab cov tshuaj phom, uas sib txawv hauv qhov muaj peev xwm thiab tsim tau. Cov phom loj hauv thaj tsam yeej tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Peter kuv tau sim ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv phom loj. Thaum nws kav, tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom calibers txo qis thiab tsim cov phom tsheb thiab cov cuab yeej siv tshuab tau yooj yim dua. Cov phom tshiab nrog cov phom luv - howitzers - tau tshwm sim. Cov phom no tuaj yeem tua tsis tau tsuas yog tiaj tus, tab sis tseem hinged hluav taws. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim ntawm kev txhim kho cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus ntawm cov phom tshiab tsis tawm ntawm Lavxias cov neeg tsim phom. Yog tias tua nrog rab phom loj nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub thoob thiab tus nqi ntawm rab phom, tom qab ntawd tua nrog buckshot xav tau ntau txoj hauv kev. Qhov tseeb, thaum raug rho tawm nrog cov phom, cov mos txwv ya tawm ntawm lub thoob thoob hauv txhua qhov kev qhia. Qee tus ntawm lawv ya saum lub hom phiaj, thiab qee qhov nkag mus rau hauv av, tsis ncav cuag lub hom phiaj. Txhawm rau kom feem ntau ntawm cov buckshot ya tawm hauv txoj kab rov tav, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhawm rau "thawb" rab phom phom mus rau ob sab. Thawj qhov kev sim 3-phaus phom loj tau raug pov los ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia los ntawm Tula cov kws siv phom hauv xyoo 1722. Nws muaj lub thoob plaub fab thiab tuaj yeem tua ob rab phom loj thiab cov phom loj. Cov pob tw suav nrog peb lub hauv paus, uas yog, qhov dav ntawm lub cev tau sib npaug rau peb qhov siab. Cov phom tshiab dhau qhov kev xeem, tab sis tsis tau saws rau kev pabcuam. Nws cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus tau tig los ua tsawg heev. Vim yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov hmoov av nkag mus rau qhov khoob ntawm cov phom loj thiab nyob rau ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub thoob, qhov kev tua ntau yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb, feem ntau ntawm cov buckshot tseem tsis tau mus txog lub hom phiaj. Txoj kev muaj sia nyob ntawm rab phom phom kuj tseem qis: cov kab tawg tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum ntawm lub duab plaub vim qhov thauj khoom tsis sib xws. Nws dhau los ua qhov phom sij los ntawm rab phom no.

Duab
Duab

Peb caug xyoo tom qab, ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua phom, Cov kws siv phom hauv Lavxias tau tsim lub tshuab raj tshiab. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim yog los ntawm General Feldzheikhmeister Count PI Shuvalov. Thiab nws tau coj los rau lub neej los ntawm cov phom loj Major Musin-Pushkin thiab tus tswv Stepanov. Cov phom muaj lub thoob oval thiab lub conical charging chamber. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm, ntawm ib sab tes, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib kis ntau ntawm cov mos txwv nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav. Ntawm qhov tod tes, txoj kev muaj sia nyob ntawm lub thoob tau nce mus rau qib uas lees paub. Howitzers tau npaj ua ntej los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab tub rog thiab tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm 1754, cov tub rog tshiab pib nkag mus rau hauv cov tub rog siv phom loj. Thaum xub thawj, cov phom ntawm cov phom tshiab ntawm kev taug kev tau npog nrog cov npog kom cov yeeb ncuab yuav tsis paub txog lawv cov qauv.

Duab
Duab

Kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws "zais cia" li cas (raws li lawv pib raug hu) tau txais hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Xya Xyoo Tsov Rog, hauv kev tawm tsam nrog pab tub rog ntawm Frederick II. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gross-Jägersdorf, nws yog qhov zais cia zais cia uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev yeej. Nov yog qhov kws sau ntawv nto moo Valentin Pikul piav txog cov xwm txheej no:

Prussian cuirassiers nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej siv tau nrawm mus rau Cossacks, hnyav heev tshuab hauv av nrog lawv cov hooves. Nrog cov hlau jamb lawv txiav rau hauv qhov ci ci ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, los ntawm cov pa luam yeeb glittered - kom meej meej thiab dimly - ntev npub broadswords …

Cossack lava, kov yeej los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, swung rov qab hauv ceeb. Cov ntsej muag ntsej muag ntsej muag ntse tau nthuav dav hauv davhlau, ua rau lawv lub qhov ntswg - hauv ntshav, hauv pa luam yeeb. Tsis muaj leej twg ntawm Lewald lub hauv paus chaw kwv yees tias qhov no tsis yog lub davhlau ntawm Cossacks kiag li - tsis yog, nws yog kev phom sij txaus ntshai …

Cov tub rog Lavxias tau ua txoj hauv kev rau Cossacks. Nws zoo li tau qhib lub qhov rooj dav tam sim no, uas yog Cossack lava tam sim ntawd ntog. Tam sim no cov "rooj vag" no yuav tsum tau nrawm nrawm li ntawd - tom qab Cossacks - cov yeeb ncuab tsis tawg mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub yeej rog. Cov tub rog tau qhib hluav taws txaus ntshai, tab sis tsis tau tswj kom kaw "rooj vag" … Kuv tsis muaj sijhawm thiab ua tsis tau!

Lub zog Prussian cov tub rog, ci nrog cov cuab yeej ua rog, "ntws zoo ib yam, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim zoo tshaj plaws, zoo li ib hom dej nrawm" sab hauv lub tebchaws Lavxias. Lub hauv ntej tau tawg dhau, tawg dhau, tawg dhau … Cov kws ua zaub mov tau txiav txhua tus neeg uas tau los ua tes ua ke.

Duab
Duab

Tab sis tom qab ntawd rab phom loj Lavxias tau nthuav tawm, thiab von Lewald, tso nqaij qaib ib sab, maj nroos tawm mus rau tom tiaj nyom dua. Alas, nws twb tsis pom dab tsi. Los ntawm ntau phaus ntawm cov phom tua hlawv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov pa luam yeeb tau hnyav dua ntawm thaj av Gross -Jägersdorf - rau hauv huab! Nws ua tsis tau pa. Cov neeg lub ntsej muag tig grey, zoo li lawv tau txau nrog tshauv. Los ntawm qhov tuab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, Lewald hnov tsuas yog suab nrov nrov, zoo li muaj, hauv cov pa luam yeeb no, tau qoj ntawm cov tsiaj tsis zoo (nws yog "Shuvalov's" howitzers uas tau tua!)

"Kuv tsis pom dab tsi," Lewald mob siab rau nrog nws lub khau. "Leej twg yuav piav qhia rau kuv tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim nyob ntawd?

Thiab qhov no tau tshwm sim …

Kev tawm tsam Cossacks yog kev dag, lawv txhob txwm coj cuirassiers ncaj qha mus rau hauv qab lub raj mis Lavxias. Howitzers tau dhia tawm zoo heev uas tag nrho Prussian pawg tub rog (tsuas yog ib nrab hauv kab ntawv) tam sim poob rau hauv av. Tam sim no "qee tus dej ntws" tam sim pom nws tus kheej tau tawg nyob hauv nws cov cua daj cua dub, tsis ntshai tam sim no. Cov cuirassiers, uas "twb tau dhia mus rau hauv peb qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, poob zoo li nas mus rau hauv qhov ntxiab, thiab lawv txhua tus raug yuam kom piam sij yam tsis muaj kev hlub tshua."

Duab
Duab

Valentin Pikul, tau kawg, khoov txog "tsav tsheb". Alas, kev tsim cov tsheb thauj mus los ntawm cov phom phom tsis tso cai rau lawv txav mus los sai sai hauv tshav rog.

Feem ntau yuav yog, txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tau npaj ua ntej, thiab Cossacks tsuas yog coj Prussian cuirassiers nyob hauv qab cov phom ntawm cov phom. Thiab tom qab ntawd - teeb meem ntawm thev naus laus zis.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev cia siab kom muaj peev xwm txav tau cov phom loj mus thoob plaws hauv thaj tsam tsawg dua 50 xyoo yuav ua rau pom cov phom loj nees nyob hauv cov tub rog European.

Duab
Duab

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov "zais cia" li cas cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis nyob ntev nrog kev siv phom loj ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias. Tseem, txoj kev muaj sia nyob ntawm lub thoob tau qis dua li cov phom zoo ib yam, thiab tua cov phom loj los ntawm lawv tig los yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua. Thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm cov phom loj - "unicorns" - tau tshwm sim hauv pab tub rog Lavxias. Raws li howitzers, lawv muaj lub thoob ntev dua thiab chav ntim khoom conical. Ballistic kev ua tau zoo ua pov thawj rau nws lub sijhawm. Unicorns tau ua haujlwm nrog pab tub rog Lavxias ntau dua ib puas xyoo. Tab sis qhov ntawd yog lwm zaj dab neeg.

Pom zoo: