35 xyoo dhau los, cov tub rog Israeli, IDF, yog thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo (NKDZ) hauv kev sib ntaus.
Txog txheej txheem
Cov keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kev tiv thaiv zoo hauv kev xav hauv tsev lossis tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tawg (ERA) raws li kev txawv teb chaws, Kev cais lus Askiv -lus Askiv tau pib hauv USSR txog 70 xyoo dhau los, thaum 40s lig - thaum ntxov 50s hauv lub plab -secret Soviet "tiv thaiv" nyob rau hauv daim ntawv uas tau sim ua kev sim nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tawm tsam lub zog kom tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo ntawm cov mos txwv. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws tau txais hauv xyoo 1957-1961 los ntawm BV Voitsekhovsky thiab VL Istomin ntawm Novosibirsk Institute of Hydrodynamics. Vim yog kev zais ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav, tsab xov xwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv no tau tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm qhib tsuas yog xyoo 2000 ("Physics of Combustion and Explosion"), thaum ib ntawm lawv tsis muaj txoj sia nyob lawm. Thawj tsab ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tau ua tiav tiv thaiv thaum ntxov 60s los ntawm AI Platov, tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm All-Russian Research Institute of Steel, uas tseem tsis nyob nrog peb ntxiv lawm. Nws tau koom tes nquag hauv cov kev tshawb fawb saum toj no. Txawm hais tias ntau dua 50 xyoo uas tau dhau mus txij li lub sijhawm ntawd, Alexander Ivanovich cov lus tshaj tawm tseem tsis tau muaj nyob hauv zej tsoom. Hauv nws, qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej uas siv lub dav hlau-sib npaug ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo (EDS) thiab muaj lub tiaj tus nqi tawg tawg nrog kab hlau hlau tau tshawb xyuas tag nrho.
Xyoo 1978, chav tsim qauv thiab tshawb fawb 32 (kev tiv thaiv zoo) tau tsim los ntawm VNII Steel. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas tau muab rau nws cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis yog tsuas yog kawm txog cov teeb meem dav dav ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov dav hlau sib xyaw nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo, tab sis kev kawm ntawm ob qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau EDS (dav hlau-parallel thiab volumetric) nrog kev xaiv ntawm kev pom zoo tsis tsim ntawm ob qho EDS lawv tus kheej thiab cov phiaj xwm ntawm nws qhov kev tso rau ntawm lub tsheb tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1982 cov neeg Israel M48A3 lub tank nrog ERA Blazer cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis, raug ntes los ntawm cov neeg Syrians thaum hmo ntuj sib ntaus sib tua hauv thaj tsam Sultan-Yaakuba, tau xa mus rau USSR, qhov no tsis yog kev tshwm sim rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. ntawm All-Russian Research Institute of Steel. Txhua qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm ERA Blazer txoj hauv kev tau pom tseeb thiab nkag siab tau rau Soviet cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv.
Hauv qhov no, ntawm kev sib tham tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis muaj nyob ntawm All-Russian Research Institute of Steel raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kawm M48A3 nrog ERA Blazer complex, nws tau txiav txim siab tsis luam theej duab Israeli sib piv, tab sis ua kom tiav qhov pib ua ntej ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv raws li ib qho kev koom ua ke EDZ, uas tom qab tau muab qhov ntsuas 4C20.
Qhov zoo tseem ceeb ntawm EDZ 4S20 ntawm Soviet NKDZ "Sib cuag" hla EDZ siv los ntawm cov neeg Ixayees hauv ERA Blazer txoj haujlwm yog:
kev koom ua ke. Ib qho EDZ 4S20 tau teeb tsa ntawm txhua qhov tiv thaiv tiv thaiv qhov ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam loj. Israeli M48 thiab M60 tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrog ERA Blazer muaj ntau dua kaum EDZs ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg;
qis dua (los ntawm 25-27%) tshwj xeeb (ib chav ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv) pawg;
thaj tsam me me ntawm cov cheeb tsam tsis muaj zog. Tsawg kawg yim feem pua ntawm kev tsim ntawm txhua lub ERA Blazer EDZ tsis muaj cov khoom tawg. Thaum lub dav hlau sib tsoo tsoo cov cheeb tsam no, EDZ tsis ua haujlwm. Hauv "Hu" tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib feem ntawm cov cheeb tsam no;
qhov ua tau ntawm ntau qhov kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm kev teeb tsa EDZ ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv tiv thaiv. Cov txheej txheem ua kom nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau NKDZ "Sib cuag" hauv kev sib raug zoo rau txhua chav ua tub rog ntawm ib lub tank tshwj xeeb txhawm rau txhawm rau muab qhov siab tshaj plaws ua tau rau thaj tsam ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv;
lub peev xwm los tswj kev hloov chaw ntawm lub foob pob tawg ntawm EDZ mus rau qhov tawg ntawm lwm qhov. Cov kev daws teeb meem tau suav nrog hauv kev tsim ntawm 4S20 NKDZ thiab tom ntej EDZ 4S22 ntawm cov teeb tsa hauv ERA, tso cai, nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau, xws li txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem foob pob tawg hauv ib EDZ, lossis hloov nws los ntawm ib qho EDZ mus rau lwm qhov, yog li ua kom ntseeg tau cov lus teb zoo ib yam EDZ. Qhov no teeb tsa hauv cov phiaj hlau hlau uas rhuav tshem lub dav hlau sib tsoo lossis cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv sub-caliber projectile (BPS) ntawm qhov ntev uas muab cov txiaj ntsig txaus rau ntawm BPS thiab monoblock thiab tandem mos txwv (cov kev daws teeb meem no tau tiv thaiv los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb patent);
muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau dua hauv kev tuav EDZ. Thaj, tsim ntawm ERA Blazer complex EDZ tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm luv heev thiab tsis muaj kev saib xyuas ua raws li kev nyab xeeb xav tau rau cov khoom tawg. Tus sau ntawm cov kab no muaj txoj hauv kev los tshuaj xyuas tus kheej hauv qab ntawm lub thawv ntawv onboard uas tau teeb tsa ntawm lub hull ntawm qhov ntes M48A3, puddles ntawm elastic tawg uas xau los ntawm ERA Blazer ERA hull nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Lub Rau Hli kub hauv thaj tsam sib ntaus hauv cheeb tsam Sultan-Yaakuba. Yog lawm, nws nyuaj tham txog qhov ua tau zoo los tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg Ixayees nyuaj, yog tias qhov tawg tau qee qhov tawm ntawm EDZ teeb tsa hauv nws. Qhov tseeb tias hauv EDZ 4S20, 4S22 qhov no yooj yim heev, tsis tas yuav hais.
Txhua qhov kev tsim qauv saum toj no tau tso cai rau cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm Soviet tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv xyoo 1995 kom tau txais ob daim ntawv pov thawj, rov ua dua los ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj tsis pub lwm tus paub ua ntej. Patents No. 2060438 thiab No. 2064650 muab txoj cai tiv thaiv rau cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm Soviet kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv rau thawj qhov kev tshaj lij kev daws teeb meem suav nrog hauv kev tsim qauv hauv tsev EDZ thiab Sib cuag.
Kev coj ncaj ncees
Tus sau tau txiav txim siab nws lub luag haujlwm los teeb tsa cov lus qhia ntxaws saum toj no txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev hwm ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm Soviet cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, hais txog leej twg nws tau sau tsis muaj ntawv pov thawj hauv kev tshaj tawm "Steel for Wounds" uas lawv "tau txais lub tswv yim ntawm tsim "Israeli ERA Blazer complex thiab cov qauv tsim ntawm lub tiaj EDZ. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim Soviet cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv pib pib tsim 30-35 xyoo ua ntej thawj Lebanese ua tsov rog, uas IDF tau siv tso tsheb hlau luam nrog ERA Blazer. Ntau tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hauv tsev, suav nrog ntau tus neeg sib tw thiab kws kho mob ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tsis muaj txoj sia nyob ntxiv lawm, thiab lawv tsis tuaj yeem teb tau txaus rau cov lus hais no, nrog rau cov lus xws li kev ua phem "nws tau dhau los ua neeg tsis nkag siab rau cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Tshawb nrhiav lub koom haum hlau ".
Israeli ERA Blazer complex feem ntau yuav tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws coj los ntawm Meir Mayseless nyob rau xyoo 70s lig-thaum ntxov 80s, uas yog, kwv yees li 25-30 xyoo tom qab ua haujlwm hauv USSR ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Hydrodynamics thiab Txhua-Lavxias Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Koom Haum Ua. Nws muaj peev xwm hais tias thaum lub sij hawm rov qab los ntawm Soviet cov kws tshawb fawb Soviet, qee cov ntaub ntawv hais txog peb cov kev tshawb fawb tau muaj rau cov kws tshawb fawb Israeli thiab kws tshaj lij. Kuv kuj tseem xav qhia rau cov nyeem "VPK" tias nyob hauv nruab nrab-90s, thaum mus ntsib All-Russian Research Institute of Steel, tus tsim ntawm German cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tiv thaiv, tus kws tshawb fawb foob pob zoo Manfred tau tuav, tau paub nws tus kheej nrog "cov lus zais zais" tshaj qhia txog R&D nqa tawm hauv USSR hauv 40-60s, lees paub Soviet qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tawg.
Thiab ntau dua - txog kev siv tshuab
Ntau tshaj 30 xyoo tau dhau los txij li tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm thawj lub tshuab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv - Israeli ERA Blazer thiab Soviet "Sib cuag". Ib tiam tag nrho. Lub sijhawm no, ob txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tawm tsam kev siv riam phom thiab cov txheej txheem txhais tau tias yog rau nws tau hloov pauv. Raws li, lub luag haujlwm thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev tiv thaiv zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Tab sis qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus sib txawv kiag li.
Tus neeg sau tsab ntawv tsuas yog siv cov ntaub ntawv dav dav uas tau tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv qhib. Nws yuav tsim nyog thiab ncaj ncees kom tshem daim ntawv zais cia los ntawm kev ua haujlwm peb caug xyoo lossis ntau dua dhau los, yog li lub tebchaws thaum kawg kawm txog tus tsim ntawm kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv, ntau leej uas tseem tsis muaj npe. Yuav muaj qhov tam sim ntawd tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob thiab kev tshuaj xyuas tsis zoo txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab kws tshaj lij hauv tsev.
