Cov tub rog Soviet tau pib siv rab phom thiab cov tshuaj phom tua thaum Lub Xya Hli 1941. Tab sis hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, lawv siv yog episodic thiab tsis yog-systemic. Ua rau hauv qhov tseeb tias Red Army tau mob heev tsis muaj txhais tau tias ntawm kev thawb, thiab tsis muaj ib qhov twg los ntxiv cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov mos txwv, ntes cov phom loj tshuab feem ntau tso tag nrho cov mos txwv muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua, tom qab uas lawv tau puas lossis pov tseg.
Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv German ntes cov phom loj ntawm thawj qib tau qis heev. Kev kawm hauv kev suav suav tau ntau yam uas xav tau. Ib qho ntxiv, tsis muaj lub rooj tua hluav taws thiab cov lus qhia ua haujlwm txhais ua lus Lavxias.
Thaum lub sijhawm Soviet rov tawm tsam xyoo 1941 - thaum ntxov xyoo 1942, nws muaj peev xwm ntes tau ntau pua rab phom German thiab phom phom tsim nyog rau siv ntxiv, nrog rau cov mos txwv npaj rau lawv.
Kev teeb tsa kev siv cov phom loj tau pib thaum ib nrab xyoo 1942, thaum cov phom loj thiab cov phom phom tau tsim hauv Pab Tub Rog Liab, nruab nrog 75-150-mm tub rog phom, 37-47-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank, thiab 81-mm mortars.
Thawj qhov chaw hais txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov thoob thiab qhov kev siv tau yog qhov tseeb tiv thaiv lub tank thiab kev siv phom loj, nrog rau cov phom. Cov phom loj ua haujlwm ntawm kab hauv ntej thiab los rau hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov yeeb ncuab ib txwm muaj kev poob ntau dua li cov phom loj tua los ntawm txoj haujlwm kaw. Hauv qhov no, hauv kev ua tub rog ua tub rog siv phom loj thiab faib pawg ntawm Red Army, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv. Ntxiv mus, txawm tias xyoo 1944, thaum kev lag luam twb tau rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm kev ua tsov rog thiab qhov ntim ntawm kev tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm riam phom tau nce nrawm dua.
Tom qab Red Army pib ua tiav ntau thiab ntau qhov kev ua tiav ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov xov tooj ntawm cov phom loj nrog cov phom ntes tau nce. Cov phom loj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tau txais ntau thiab ntau dua tsis yog cov tub rog me thiab cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank, tabsis tseem muaj rab phom 105-150-mm.
Cov tshuab siv phom loj German tau siv rau hauv kev tawm tsam kom txog thaum kev swb ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes. Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog, lawv tau khaws cia rau qee lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd, lawv feem ntau tau txiav rau hauv hlau, thiab cov riam phom uas niaj hnub ntes tau, uas muaj cov peev txheej txaus, tau xa mus rau cov phoojywg.
Kab lus no yuav tsom mus rau rab phom German tub rog siv nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm, tsim los muab kev pab tua hluav taws rau cov tub rog.
Lub teeb me me 75 mm phom 7, 5 cm le. IG.18
Los ntawm thawj zaug mus txog hnub kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, rab phom 75-mm 7, 5 cm le. IG.18 tau nquag siv hauv pab tub rog German. Cov phom loj, tsim los ntawm Rheinmetall-Borsig AG xyoo 1927 rau kev txhawb nqa cov phom loj rau cov tub rog, yog suav tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws chav kawm.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, rab phom tau npaj kom kov yeej qhov chaw qhib thiab tiv thaiv cov tub rog, tua cov ntsiab lus, cov phom loj thiab cov yeeb ncuab phom. Yog tias tsim nyog, rab phom loj 75-mm tuaj yeem tua cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv cov tsheb.
Tsis zoo li rab phom ntawm lub hom phiaj zoo sib xws uas muaj nyob hauv cov tub rog ntawm lwm lub tebchaws, German 75-mm lub teeb phom me me muaj lub dav dav siab tshaj plaws loj (los ntawm -10 txog + 75 °) thiab cais cov ntaub ntawv thauj khoom nrog ntau qhov hnyav ntawm tus nqi propellant.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws muaj peev xwm xaiv txoj hauv kev ntawm qhov projectile thiab swb qhov muag tsis pom kev lub hom phiaj uas tau mus nkaum hauv qhov quav ntawm thaj av thiab ntawm qhov rov qab nqes hav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, rab phom muaj kev ua haujlwm siab thiab yooj yim siv. Qhov tseeb, nws tau sib koom ua ke cov peev txheej ntawm cov phom loj thiab cov teeb pom kev zoo.
Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tua yog 400 kg, ua tsaug rau cov neeg coob ntawm rau tus neeg tuaj yeem ua nws ywj pheej txaus nyob deb luv. Cov hlua tshwj xeeb tau siv yog tias tsim nyog. Qhov hnyav nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm khaws cia nrog lub hauv ntej kawg - 1560 kg.
Thawj tsab ntawv, uas tau nkag mus rau pab tub rog xyoo 1932, tau npaj rau kev thauj mus los los ntawm kev tsav tsheb nees thiab muaj cov log log ntoo nrog cov hlau hlau thiab hloov pauv tau.
Xyoo 1937, kev hloov kho kom zoo dua qub nrog cov hlau log log nruab nrog cov log tsheb pneumatic tau mus rau hauv cov kab. Hauv qhov no, muaj peev xwm rub los ntawm lub cev muaj zog ntawm kev nrawm nrawm txog 50 km / h.
Nrog lub thoob ntev ntawm 885 mm (11, 8 calibers), thawj qhov nrawm ntawm qhov tawg tawg tawg ntawm qhov projectile ntawm 7, 5 cm Igr. 18 hnyav 6 kg, nyob ntawm tus neeg tsav lub zog, tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 92 txog 212 m / s. Cov kab hluav taws kub ntawm qhov pom kev siab tshaj ntawm lub thoob ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm tus nqi tsis yog 1 yog 810 m, thiab them tus lej 5 - 3470 m. Tus nqi hluav taws kub yog 12 rds / min.
Cov mos txwv muaj ob hom ntawm cov foob pob tawg loj tawg thiab ob hom kev sib tsoo ntau ntxiv, nrog rau lub hom phiaj tsim cov phiaj xwm. Qhov tawg tawg tawg tawg qhov projectile 7, 5 cm Igr. 18 tau nruab nrog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev pov tseg TNT hnyav 700 g, hauv qhov ntawd, kom pom kev zoo dua ntawm kev tawg, muaj cov pa luam yeeb tsim nrog cov phosphorus liab. Plhaub 7, 5 cm Igr. 18 Al tau qhov txawv los ntawm qhov tseeb tias hmoov txhuas tau ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg ntawm kev tawg, thiab pov tseg ammonal tau siv los ua kev tawg (ntxiv rau TNT).
Lub foob pob tawg tawg tawg tawg tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov chaw tiv thaiv ntoo thiab lub ntiaj teb nrog lub qab nthab tuab txog li 1 m lossis phab ntsa cib mus txog 25 cm tuab. sab, 6m rau pem hauv ntej thiab 3m rov qab. Thaum lub plhaub tawg tom qab kev nplua nuj ntawm qhov siab ntawm 10 m, thaj tsam cuam tshuam yog 15 m mus rau ob sab, 10 m rau pem hauv ntej thiab 5 m rov qab.
Cov mos txwv mos txwv tsis muaj cov phom loj uas ua rau phom loj, tab sis, raws li kev coj ua qhia pom, tua cov foob pob tawg loj tawg rau ntawm tus nqi them tus nqi 5, uas muab qhov siab tshaj plaws pib tshaj tawm, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nrog tuab ntawm 20- 22 hli. Yog li, ntawm qhov tsawg kawg ntawm kev tua ntau, le. IG.18 rab phom tuaj yeem tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub tsheb tiv thaiv lub teeb.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv ntau lub tso tsheb hlau luam, suav cov phom 7, 5 cm Igr. 38 thiab 7, 5 cm Igr. 38HL / A nrog. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm hluav taws ntawm qhov pib ua haujlwm ceev ntawm 260 m / s tsis tshaj 400 m.
Cov cuab yeej nkag mus rau ntawm cov phom loj uas nruab nrog 530 g ntawm TNT-RDX alloy yog 85-90 mm raws qhov ib txwm muaj. Coj mus rau hauv tus account lub kaum sab xis loj ntawm kev nyiam ntawm cov cuab yeej ua ntej ntawm T-34 lub tank, qhov no tsis tas li. Tab sis txawm tias nyob hauv qhov kev nkag mus, cov cuab yeej ua kom tawg ntawm cov dav hlau sib tsoo feem ntau tsis muaj zog. Nrog rau qib kev ncaj ncees ntawm qhov tshwm sim, nws tsuas yog ua tau los tsoo peb caug-plaub nrog rau qhov projectile nce ntxiv ntawm sab. Ib qho ntxiv, kev tiv thaiv lub peev xwm ntawm rab phom le. IG.18 tau raug txo los ntawm kev txwv txoj haujlwm qhia kab rov tav (11 °), uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau tua hluav taws ntawm cov phiaj nrawm.
Qhov projectile nrog lub raj ntev 7, 5 cm Igr. Deut tau npaj los tsim kom pom qhov chaw pom tseeb hauv av. Thiab nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm lub ntsiab lus muab, nws cuam tawm 120 lub ntsej muag xim av txheej hauv lub voj voog thiab 100 lub voj voos liab liab. Kuj tseem muaj qhov projectile rau lub hom phiaj zoo sib xws nrog cov pa luam yeeb tsim.
Hauv Wehrmacht thiab SS cov tub rog, cov phom le. IG.18 tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev tswj hwm, thiab qee zaum, cov tub rog siv phom loj. Hauv tebchaws German cov tub rog thiab sib faib tsheb, lub xeev tau xav kom muaj 20 lub phom phom me me.
75 mm le. IG.18 rab phom tau siv dav heev thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Raws li lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1939, Wehrmacht muaj 2,933 rab phom mos txwv thiab 3,506 txhiab phom rau lawv.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1, 1941, Cov tub rog German muaj 4176 rab phom me me thiab 7956 txhiab phom rau lawv. Thaum pib ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 1945, Cov Neeg Germans muaj 2,594 le. IG.18 units, uas tau nquag siv mus txog thaum kawg kev ua phem ua phem.
Lub teeb 75mm rab phom tau siv dav heev. Xyoo 1942 lawv siv txog 6200,000 txhaj tshuaj, xyoo 1943 - 7796 txhiab, hauv 1944 - 10 817 txhiab leej, thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis - Ob Hlis 1945 - 1750 txhiab txhaj tshuaj.
Coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias 75 mm le. IG.18 cov phom feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog, lawv poob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Piv txwv li, nyob rau lub sijhawm txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1, 1941 txog Lub Ob Hlis 28, 1942, 510 rab phom ntawm hom no tau ploj, thiab txij lub Kaum Hli 1944 txog Lub Ob Hlis 1945 - 1131 phom. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov phom poob los ntawm cov neeg German tau mus rau Red Army.
Thawj cov duab ntawm ntes 75 mm le. IG.18 cannons hnub tim Lub Yim Hli 1941. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov phom thiab mos txwv rau lawv tau raug ntes los ntawm Red Army thaum xyoo 1941 - thaum ntxov 1942.
Kev ntes 7, 5 cm le. IG.18 tau siv tib yam nkaus li Soviet 76-mm regimental cannon ntawm 1927 tus qauv. Ntau pua pua 75-phom loj ntawm German tsim xyoo 1942-1943. tau siv los tsim cov roj teeb loj thiab sib faib ntawm 4-5 rab phom txhua tus hauv cov tub rog phom loj, cov phom loj, cov phom loj thiab cov tub rog rog.
Hauv Pab Tub Rog Liab, ntes tau 75-mm le. IG.18 feem ntau raug tua nrog hluav taws ncaj qha. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias kom tua tau zoo los ntawm cov haujlwm kaw, yuav tsum muaj kev paub zoo txog cov phom loj los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Thiab kev tua phom yog qhov nyuaj rau tus tswv los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis txaus. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1943, GAU tau tshaj tawm rau "75-mm German lub teeb pom kev zoo phom me me. 18 "tua cov ntxhuav thiab cov lus qhia ua haujlwm txhais ua lus Lavxias.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, peb cov tub rog tau ntes txog 1000 rab phom siv tau 7, 5 cm le. IG.18. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tau raug xa mus rau cov tub rog ntawm cov xeev zoo.
Piv txwv li, tom qab tsim lub tebchaws Yelemes Kev ywj pheej, 75-mm cov tub rog siv phom tau siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cob qhia cov tub rog tub rog, uas tom qab tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm National People's Army ntawm GDR.
Tsis ntev tom qab kev kov yeej Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Soviet thawj coj tau tso cai hloov pauv ntawm 7, 5 cm le. IG.18 cov tub rog tua phom thiab mos txwv mus rau cov neeg Suav liab uas tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Kuomintang.
Tom qab ntawd, ntau lub kaum tawm ntawm cov riam phom no tau siv los ntawm Suav cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev tawm tsam hauv Kaus Lim Qab Teb. Vim nws qhov hnyav dua, German ua 75-mm mos mos phom zoo dua rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm Kaus Lim Kauslim ntau dua li hnyav dua Soviet 76-hli tswj hwm phom. 1943g wb.
Infantry 75 mm phom 7, 5 cm I. G. 42
Nyob rau tag nrho, lub teeb phom me me 7, 5 cm le. IG.18 tau txaus siab heev rau German hais kom ua. Txawm li cas los xij, riam phom tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1920s tsis ua tiav raws li qhov xav tau niaj hnub no. Nws yog qhov xav tau ntau ntxiv rau kev tua hluav taws hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav, txhawm rau nce kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov hluav taws thiab thaj tsam ntawm kev tua ncaj qha.
Xyoo 1941, cov kws tsim qauv ntawm Krupp nthuav tawm thawj tsab ntawv ntawm 75-mm kev tswj hwm phom, tom qab tau xaiv 7, 5 cm I. G. 42 (German 7, 5 cm Infanteriegeschütz 42). Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm ntawd, Wehrmacht hais kom ntseeg tias kev ua tsov rog tuaj yeem yeej nrog riam phom uas twb muaj lawm. Thiab tsis tau qhia ntau txaus siab rau rab phom tshiab. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm I. G. 42 tau teeb tsa nrog ncua sijhawm ntev. Thiab thawj pawg ntawm 39 I. G. 42 rab phom tau xa mus rau pem hauv ntej thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1944.
Cov phom ntawm rab phom 21-gauge tau nruab nrog lub qhov ncauj nres. Nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntev, lub foob pob tawg loj tawg ntawm cov le. IG.18 cov tub rog tua phom tau nrawm mus rau 280 m / s thiab muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 5150 m. kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov raug.
Cov tsheb thauj mus los nrog cov txaj tubular zawv zawg tau zoo heev ntawm kev nqa ntawm 7, 5 cm Geb. G. 36 (German 7, 5 cm Gebirgsgeschütz 36). Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw qhia lub kaum sab xis yog 32 °. Thiab, tsis zoo li le. IG.18, I. G. 42 tsis muaj cov cuab yeej zoo li cas. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, cov lus taw qhia hauv kab rov tav dav hlau nce mus txog 35 °.
Kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob ib nrab tsis tuaj yeem tso cai tus nqi hluav taws kom nce mus rau 20 rds / min. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom hauv qhov chaw tua yog 590 kg (190 kg ntau dua li ntawm le. IG.18).
Piv rau kev tsim cov phom 75 hli le. IG.18, I. G. 42 tau tsim tawm tsawg - txog 1450 units.
Infantry 75 mm phom 7, 5 cm I. G. 37
Qhov I. G. 37 yog qhov pheej yig dua ntawm I. G. 42. Ntau qhov chaw hais tias nws tau txais los ntawm superimposing I. G. 42 ntawm kev thauj mus los ntawm Soviet 45-mm tiv thaiv lub tank phom qauv 1937. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas rau kev tsim khoom ntawm I. G. 37, cov tsheb thauj neeg German 37-hli phom tiv thaiv lub tank 3, 7 cm Pak 35/36 tau siv.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws thiab tus nqi hluav taws I. G. 37 tseem zoo ib yam li I. G. 42. Kev siv phom tiv thaiv lub tsheb thauj khoom tsis tso cai tua nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub thoob ntawm ntau dua 25 °, thaum lub sijhawm tua hluav taws ntau tshaj plaws mus txog 4800 m. Txoj haujlwm tua kab rov tav yog 60 °. Qhov hnyav hauv qhov chaw tua - 530 kg.
Kev tsim cov phom loj 7, 5 cm I. G. 37 pib thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1944, thiab thawj pawg ntawm 84 I. G.37 75mm cov tub rog phom loj tau xa mus rau pem hauv ntej thaum Lub Rau Hli 1944. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945, cov tub rog muaj tsawg dua 1,300 ntawm cov phom no.
Kev sib piv ntawm German cov tub rog phom 7, 5 cm I. G. 37 nrog Soviet 76, 2-mm regimental gun mod. Xyoo 1943, uas tseem tau txais los ntawm kev siv 76, 2-mm chim nrog lub zog tsis muaj zog ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom ntawm 45-mm tiv thaiv phom phom. 1942g wb.
Cov phom Soviet tua cov foob pob tawg tawg tawg tawg, uas hnyav 200 g hnyav dua li cov neeg German. Cov phom nws tus kheej hnyav 70 kg ntau dua, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib tua ntawm tib lub kaum sab xis yog 4200 m. Shutter 76, 2-mm regimental gun mod. Xyoo 1943 rov ua dua qhov ntsia liaj qhov rooj ntawm 76-hli kev tswj hwm phom tshiab. 1927 Hauv qhov txuas no, qhov hluav taws kub tsis tshaj 12 rds / min.
Cov mos txwv ntawm cov tub rog hauv tebchaws Soviet suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tsis yog nrog lub foob pob tawg loj tawg, tab sis tseem muaj cov phom loj tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, cov phom ntau ntxiv (70-75-mm cov cuab yeej nkag mus), rab phom thiab rab phom.
Nyob rau hauv lem, cov Germans ntes ntau dua 2000 ntawm peb 76, 2-mm regimental gun mod. 1927 thiab arr. Xyoo 1943 Thiab teeb tsa rau lawv qhov kev tso cov tawg tawg tawg tawg ntau thiab ua rau muaj cov plhaub taum pauv.
Tom qab ntawd, peb cov tub rog rov qab tau txog ib puas rab phom. Vim tias nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej siab dua, ntes cov phom loj ntawm German kev tsim khoom nrog 76, 2-mm sib tsoo ntau ntau yog xav tau ntau hauv Red Army.
75 mm phom 7, 5 cm PaK 97/38
Hauv Fab Kis thiab Poland, Wehrmacht tau ntes ntau txhiab 75-mm faib Canon de 75 mle 1897 (Mle. 1897) phom ntawm Fab Kis ntau lawm thiab ntau dua 7.5 lab puag ncig rau lawv. The Mle. 1897 yug hauv 1897. Thiab nws tau dhau los ua thawj ntu tsim hluav taws kub nrawm nrog rau cov cuab yeej thim rov qab. Tab sis thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, lub tshuab siv phom loj no tsis muaj kev cia siab.
The Mle. 1897, raug ntes hauv Fabkis, tau txais lub npe 7, 5 cm F. K.231 (f), Polish - 7, 5 cm F. K.97 (p). Thaum pib, cov neeg German tau siv lawv hauv lawv daim ntawv qub hauv "kab thib ob" kev sib cais, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Norway thiab Fabkis.
Vim tias qhov tsis txaus ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub peev xwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tso tsheb hlau luam nrog cov phom tiv thaiv phom loj, German cov lus txib thaum kawg xyoo 1941 nco txog cov tub rog Fabkis raug ntes.
Nws nyuaj rau siv cov phom sib faib qub dhau los txhawm rau tua cov tso tsheb hlau luam, txawm tias muaj cov cuab yeej phom-tho qhov hauv cov mos txwv thauj mus los vim lub me me kab rov tav qhia (6 °) tso cai los ntawm ib leeg-nqa tsheb. Qhov tsis muaj kev ncua raug tso cai rau kev rub ntawm qhov nrawm tsis tshaj 12 km / h. Ib qho ntxiv, Cov tub rog German tsis txaus siab rau riam phom yoog raws nkaus li kev txav mus los ntawm nees.
Cov neeg tsim qauv German pom txoj hauv kev tawm: qhov viav vias ntawm 75-mm Fabkis rab phom Mle. Xyoo 1897 tau ntxiv rau lub tsheb thauj neeg German 50 hli phom tiv thaiv lub tank 5, 0 cm Pak. 38 nrog cov zawv zawg tubular thav duab thiab lub log taug kev, muab qhov muaj peev xwm rub nrog lub tshuab ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau txo qis rov qab, lub thoob tau nruab nrog lub qhov ncauj nres. Franco-German "hybrid" tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li lub npe 7, 5 cm Pak. 97/38 ib.
Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom hauv qhov chaw tua yog 1190 kg. Ntsug taw qhia kaum los ntawm -8 ° txog + 25 °, hauv kab rov tav dav hlau -60 °. 75 mm Pak 97/38 rab phom khaws Mle. 1897, uas tau muab tus nqi hluav taws kub ntawm 10-12 rds / min.
Cov mos txwv suav nrog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm German, Fabkis thiab Polish ntau lawm. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua yog 9800 m. Trophy cov duab tawg tawg tawg tawg tau siv rau hauv lawv daim ntawv qub thiab tau hloov pauv mus ua qhov qub.
Lub foob pob ua ntxaij riam phom hnyav 6, 8 kg tawm ntawm lub thoob nrog qhov ntev ntawm 2721 hli nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 570 m / s. Thiab ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 m ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm 60 °, nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 61 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Kev nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv yeej tsis txaus rau kev ntseeg siab tawm tsam T-34 thiab KV-1 tso tsheb hlau luam. Hauv qhov kev sib txuas no, ua kom zoo li qub 7, 5 cm Gr. 38/97 Hl/ A (f), 7, 5 cm Gr. 38 Hl / C (f). Lawv qhov nrawm yog 450-470 m / s. Kev tua hluav taws zoo ntawm kev txav mus rau lub hom phiaj yog mus txog 500 m.
Pak ntau lawm. 97/38 pib thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1942. Thiab nws tau txiav tawm thaum Lub Xya Hli 1943. Ntxiv mus, 160 lub phom kawg tau ua rau ntawm rab phom Pak. 40, lawv tau txais lub npe Pak. 97/40 ib. Piv rau Pak. 97/38, lub tshuab siv rab phom tshiab tau hnyav dua (1425 tawm tsam 1270 kg), tab sis cov ntaub ntawv ballistic tseem zoo ib yam. Hauv ib xyoos thiab ib nrab ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsim tawm, 3712 Pak tau tsim. 97/38 thiab Pak. 97/40 ib.
Thaum xub thawj, 75-mm rab phom tau nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog kev rhuav tshem lub tank.
Tab sis tsis ntev nws tau pom tseeb tias hauv lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv phom phom "Fabkis-German sib xyaw" ua pov thawj tsis zoo. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no yog vim qhov pib qis qis qis ntawm cov phiaj xwm sib sau ua ke, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau thaj tsam ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha thiab raug hluav taws. Txawm hais tias cov kws tshaj lij German tau tswj kom ua tiav qhov yuav luag txhua qhov kev nkag mus ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rau 75-mm qhov projectile, qhov no feem ntau tsis txaus kom ntseeg tau kov yeej cov cuab yeej ua ntej ntawm T-34 lub tank.
Hais txog kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv lub tank, rab phom 7, 5 cm. 97/38 tsis tau zoo tshaj qhov I. G. 37 thiab I. G. 42, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws qhov hnyav hauv kev sib ntaus yog ntau dua. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1943, tom qab pib tsim khoom loj ntawm 7, 5 cm Pak. 40, feem ntau ntawm rab phom Pak. 97/38 tshem tawm los ntawm kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub tank.
Cov phom 75-mm "hybrid" nyob rau ntawm kab ntej tau raug xa mus rau cov phom loj, thiab lawv feem ntau raug rho tawm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab lub teeb ntoo hauv ntiaj teb. Ntxiv rau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj raug ntes hauv Fabkis thiab Poland nrog 75-mm siab tawg pob tawg, cov neeg German tau tua txog 2.8 lab qhov kev txhaj tshuaj no.
Ntxiv rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, 75mm rab phom tau siv rau hauv txoj haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm phab ntsa Atlantic. Ntxiv rau Wehrmacht 7, 5 cm Pak. 97/38 tau xa mus rau Romania thiab Finland. Raws li Lub Peb Hlis 1, 1945, Wehrmacht units tseem muaj 122 rab phom Pak. 97/38 ib
Ob peb kaum os 7, 5 cm Phom phom. 97/38 raug ntes los ntawm Red Army.
Tuav tau 75-mm rab phom, nrog mos txwv thiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev tawm tsam, tau siv tsawg raws li ib feem ntawm Soviet kev tswj hwm thiab kev faib phom loj. Txij li thaum tsis muaj lub rooj tua hluav taws rau lawv, Pak. 97/38 feem ntau raug rho tawm ntawm lub hom phiaj pom kev pom.
150 mm hnyav phom me me 15 cm sIG. 33
Ntxiv rau rab phom 75-mm, Cov tub rog German tau muab cov phom 150-mm txij li xyoo 1933. Hauv xyoo 1940 cov tuam txhab siv phom loj, muaj 6 lub phom loj 7, 5 cm le. IG.18 thiab ob rab phom hnyav 15 cm sIG. 33 (German 15 cm schweres Infanterie Geschütz 33).
Txawm hais tias tus qauv tsim yog 15 cm sIG. 33, tau siv kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb, cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Rheinmetall-Borsig AG tuaj yeem muab rab phom nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo heev. Lub kaum sab xis siab tshaj plaws yog 73º - uas yog, rab phom yog lub suab nrov puv ntoob. Qhov ntau ntawm cov lus qhia kab rov tav, txawm hais tias yooj yim ib leeg -nqaj nqa, kuj tseem loj heev - 11.5º rau sab xis thiab sab laug.
Cov phom tau tsim ua ob yam: rau kev siv lub tshuab thiab lub zog nees.
Nyob rau thawj rooj plaub, cam khwb cia hlau log nrog hlau edging muaj cov log tsheb roj hmab. Kev tshem tawm lub tog raj tso cai rau rub nrog mechtyag ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 35 km / h.
Hauv qhov chaw khaws cia, cov qauv rau cov cuab yeej siv zog ua haujlwm hnyav 1825 kg, thiab cov qauv rau kev sib tw nees - 1700 kg. Txawm hais tias rab phom tau teeb txaus rau qhov ntsuas no, nyob rau xyoo 1930s cov neeg German tau sim ua kom lub teeb phom qis. Thiab lawv ib nrab hloov cov hlau hauv kev tsim tsheb thauj khoom nrog lub teeb sib xyaw. Tom qab ntawd, rab phom dhau los hnyav li ntawm 150 kg.
Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov hlau pom tom qab kev tawm tsam Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, kev tsim cov tsheb nqaj hlau ua los ntawm txhuas hlau tau raug txiav tawm.
Tus qauv sIG towing tsheb. 33 hauv kev sib faib tsheb thiab tsheb sib tsoo yog Sd. Kfz. kaum ib.
Tsis tas li, cov tsheb laij teb tau siv ntau zaus: Fab Kis Unic P107 thiab Soviet "Komsomolets". Feem ntau, cov tsheb laij teb tau siv los rub phom, xub xub tsim los rau nees caij tsheb.
Cov phom tau rho tawm nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib cais. Thiab nws tau nruab nrog lub piston valve. Kev suav, uas suav nrog xya tus neeg, tuaj yeem muab tua nrog qhov hluav taws kub txog li 4 rds / min.
Cannon 15 cm SIG. 33 muaj qhov dav dav ntawm cov mos txwv. Tab sis cov mos txwv tseem ceeb tau txiav txim siab ua kom tawg tawg tawg ntau dua nrog cov khoom sib cais ntawm daim cartridge.
Lub foob pob tawg tawg tawg loj 15 cm IGr. 33 thiab 15 cm IGr. 38 hnyav 38 kg thiab muaj 7, 8–8, 3 kg ntawm TNT lossis amatol. Thaum lub fuse raug teeb tsa rau tam sim ua, cov khoom tawg ua rau ya mus 20 m rau pem hauv ntej, 40-45 m rau sab thiab 5 meters rov qab.
Qhov ua kom tawg loj heev ntawm lub plhaub yog ntau tshaj li txaus los rhuav tshem lub teeb tiv thaiv lub teeb. Cov mos txwv hla dhau mus txog peb meters tuab los ntawm hauv av thiab cov cav ntoo.
Cov tooj dag lossis lub tes tsho hlau, ntxiv rau lub luag haujlwm hmoov loj, muaj txog rau rau qhov hnyav hnyav ntawm cov diglycol lossis nitroglycerin hmoov. Thaum tua cov projectiles 15 cm IGr. 33 thiab 15 cm IGr. 38 ntawm qhov thib 1 (yam tsawg kawg nkaus) tus nqi pib yog 125 m / s, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua yog 1475 m. Thaum tus nqi thib 6 (siab tshaj), nws yog 240 m / s thiab 4700 m, feem.
Kuj rau tua 15 cm sIG. 33 siv 15 cm IGr38 Nb cov pa luam yeeb uas hnyav 40 kg. Cov phiaj xwm zoo li no tau tsim huab huab ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm 50 m, lub sijhawm nruab nrab haus luam yeeb yog 40 s.
Lub plhaub hluav taws 15 cm IGr. 38 Br tau ntim nrog cov thermite ntu, uas tau tawg thoob plaws thaj av nrog cov hmoov tshauv tawm.
Qhov kawg ntawm 1941, cov tub rog pib tau txais 15 cm IGr zoo li qub. 39 HL / A nrog 160 mm cov cuab yeej ib txwm muaj. Nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 24, 6 kg, qhov projectile tau nruab nrog 4, 14 kg ntawm RDX. Tabular qhov ntau ntawm qhov projectile yog 1800 m, qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tsis tshaj 400 m.
Tom qab Stielgranate 42 dhau-caliber feathered mines, sIG. 33 tuaj yeem siv ua cov tshuaj hnyav.
300 mm mos txwv hnyav 90 kg muaj 54 kg ntawm ammatol. Nrog rau qhov pib nrawm ntawm 105 m / s, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua me ntsis ntau tshaj li 1000 m. Cov mine, nruab nrog lub fuse tam sim, tau siv los tshem cov minefields thiab cov hlau thaiv, nrog rau rhuav tshem cov kev tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev.
Rau kev sib piv, 210 mm 21 cm Gr. 18 Stg, tsim los tua los ntawm mortars 21 cm Gr. 18, hnyav 113 kg thiab muaj 17, 35 kg ntawm TNT. Hais txog nws qhov kev puas tsuaj, Stielgranate 42 ntau dua qhov muaj peev xwm kwv yees li sib xws rau Soviet OFAB-100 lub foob pob aerial, qhov tawg uas ua rau lub qhov taub 5 m txoj kab uas hla thiab 1.7 m sib sib zog nqus.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis xyoo 1939, Wehrmacht muaj ntau dua 400 rab phom tub rog hnyav. Nyob rau tag nrho, kwv yees li ntawm 4,600 rab phom raug tua. Txog rau Lub Rau Hli 1, 1941, Wehrmacht muaj 867 rab phom hnyav thiab 1264 txhiab phom rau lawv. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945, 1539 phom me me phom 15 cm sIG tau ua haujlwm. 33.
Qhov kev paub ntawm kev siv kev sib ntaus sib tua tau qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo ntawm 150-mm rab phom mos txwv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hnyav hnyav ua rau nws nyuaj rau yob mus rau hauv tshav rog los ntawm cov rog ntawm kev suav.
Kev tsim kho tus kheej-tawm qauv yog qhov kev daws teeb meem kom ua kom muaj kev txav mus los. Thawj qhov zoo li rab phom tua tus kheej Sturmpanzer Kuv ntawm lub chassis ntawm lub teeb tank Pz. Kpfw. I Ausf. B tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1940. Tom qab ntawd, Sturmpanzer II rab phom tua tus kheej (ntawm Pz. Kpfw. II chassis) thiab StuIG tau siv riam phom 150-mm. 33B (raws li Pz. Kpfw. III). Txij li xyoo 1943, cov tuam txhab ntawm cov phom me me hauv lub tank thiab kev sib faib panzergrenadier tau rov ua dua tshiab nrog Grille cov phom tua tus kheej (ntawm Pz. Kpfw. 38 (t) chassis) - rau chav rau ib lub tuam txhab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov riam phom rub - ob lub teeb thiab hnyav - tau thim los ntawm cov tuam txhab no.
Kev siv rab phom 150 hli hauv German cov tub rog tub rog yog ib qib uas tsis tau muaj dua los. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, tsis muaj lwm pab tub rog muaj cov cuab yeej siv phom loj hauv cov tub rog. Lub zog hluav taws ntawm cov phom no tau muab rau cov tub rog German pab tub rog kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los daws teeb meem ntawm nws tus kheej uas yuav tsum tau muab faib rau hauv cov tub rog ntawm lwm lub tebchaws.
Tus thawj coj tub rog tau muaj lub sijhawm los siv nws "tus kheej" phom loj los koom nrog lub hom phiaj tsis tuaj yeem siv phom tshuab thiab phom. Platoons ntawm lub teeb 75-hli phom me tuaj yeem txuas rau cov tub rog, hnyav 150-mm phom tau ib txwm siv ntawm qib kev tswj hwm.
Cov phom me me tau tso nyob ze rau ntawm ntug kev, uas, thaum ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg, txo lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj tsis tau sai li sai tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 15 cm sIG. 33 muaj qhov sib tua luv luv thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tiv thaiv roj teeb tau zoo, vim qhov uas feem ntau lawv raug kev poob.
Thaum muaj kev tawm tsam yeeb ncuab nrawm, khiav tawm 150mm sIG. 33 tau nyuaj dua li 75-mm le. IG.18, vim qhov uas lawv feem ntau raug tub rog ntawm Red Army ntes.
Cov Tub Rog Liab tswj kom ntes tau ntau pua 150 mm sIG phom. 33 thiab ntau qhov mos txwv rau lawv. Thaum xub thawj, lawv tau siv nyob rau hauv yam tsis muaj kev teeb tsa, raws li lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa hluav taws ntawm cov tub rog thiab kev sib cais. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, zoo li ntawm 75-hli lub teeb tua hluav taws me me, qhov hluav taws kub tau raug tua tsuas yog pom ntawm lub hom phiaj. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias kev tua phom los ntawm cov phom mos txwv hnyav yuav tsum tau paub zoo txog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsub nqi, cov khoom ntawm cov mos txwv thiab lawv cov cim.
Qhov kawg ntawm 1942, ntes 15 cm sIG. 33 pib raug xa mus rau kev sib faib sib faib ntawm cov phom loj uas txuas nrog rau kev faib phom. Qhov twg lawv hloov 122mm howitzers. Txhawm rau kom siv tag nrho cov phom 150-mm, tua cov rooj thiab cov lus qhia ua haujlwm, thiab kev suav tau ua raws li kev qhia tsim nyog.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev hloov pauv tsis yog qhov sib npaug. Lub zog ntawm 150-mm projectile yog, tau kawg, siab dua. Tab sis hais txog kev tua ntau yam, 150-mm hnyav phom me me tsis zoo li qub tsuas yog rau 122-mm M-30 howitzer tshiab, tab sis kuj tseem siv rau qhov tshiab 122-mm mod. 1909/37 thiab 122 mm arr. 1910/30 Nws.
Txawm hais tias muaj qhov phom me me, 150-mm rab phom ntawm German tsim tau siv los ntawm Red Army txog rau hnub kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws tau tshwm sim thaum ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg, hauv cov xwm txheej ntawd thaum nws xav tau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov chaw ruaj khov ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tsis kam.
Thaj, ntes SPGs nrog 15 cm sIG phom. 33 kuj tseem pom daim ntawv thov hauv Red Army.
Cov neeg Yugoslav cov tub rog tau kwv yees kwv yees li ob lub kaum os sIG 150mm phom mos txwv nyob rau xyoo 1944. 33. Thiab lawv nquag siv lawv hauv kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov neeg Germans thiab Croats.
Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog, phom German 15 cm sIG. 33 tau ua haujlwm nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws sab hnub tuaj Europe sab hnub tuaj txog rau nruab nrab xyoo 1950. Raws li qee qhov lus ceeb toom, 150-hli phom me tuaj yeem siv los ntawm Suav cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb thaum muaj kev ua phem rau Kaus Lim Kauslim.
Xijpeem, ib rab phom ntev 15 cm. 33 tau muab tso rau ntawm Beijing Military Museum ntawm Suav Kev Tawm Tsam.
