Niaj hnub no, hauv lub siab ntawm ib tus neeg, lub foob pob yog riam phom, txhais tau tias tua lwm tus neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus hais no tsis yog qhov tseeb tas li, muaj cov foob pob uas tau tsim los cawm tib neeg txoj sia. Cov no yog cov ua ntej ntawm cov tshuaj tua hluav taws niaj hnub no. Ib qho ntawm nto moo tshaj plaws yog Harden lub foob pob hluav taws. Harden lub foob pob hluav taws tua hluav taws thiab tau muag hauv Asmeskas thiab Europe thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19.
Cov cuab yeej siv thoob plaws qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, nws yuav zoo li, yuav tsum tau ploj mus tom qab pom ntau hom kev tua hluav taws. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog rooj plaub. Cov foob pob hluav taws tseem tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub khw niaj hnub no, xws li Tus Qauv Rescuer 01 (SAT119). Cov qauv no tsis txawv ntau los ntawm nws cov neeg ua ntej, uas tau tshwm sim ntau caum xyoo dhau los.
Thawj cov khoom siv tua hluav taws hauv keeb kwm
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias txawm tias thawj zaug sim tsim lub tshuab tua hluav taws tau zoo dua li kev txhim kho tub rog ntau dua li kev tua hluav taws ib txwm muaj rau peb. Nws ntseeg tias thawj tus neeg tshwj xeeb tua hluav taws tau tsim hauv 1715 los ntawm tus kws tsim qauv German Zachary Greil. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg sawv cev tua hluav taws tau thov ua ntej.
Tus kws tsim qauv pom zoo tso lub thawv me me rau rab phom mus rau hauv lub thoob ntoo uas zoo ib yam ntim nrog dej, uas tau muab lub fuse tso rau. Thaum lub sij hawm hluav taws kub, lub fuse tau teeb rau hluav taws, thiab lub plhaub ntoo uas muaj dej tau muab pov rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub. Lub thoob tau tawg thiab dej nyab qee thaj tsam ib puag ncig nws. Xws li cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws tsis tau hais tias zoo, tab sis tseem muaj tsawg kawg qee qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm cov cuab yeej no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev sib piv nrog kev nchuav cov nplaim dej nrog dej.
Kev tsim qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li tsuas yog tom qab ib puas xyoo. Yog li, tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv Tus Thawj Tub Rog George Manby xyoo 1813 tau npaj kom ntim cov ntim tsis yog dej nkaus xwb, tab sis yog cov tshuaj potash. Yog li hauv xyoo ntawd lawv hu ua potassium carbonate lossis potassium carbonate. Cov hmoov yaj hauv dej tau muab tso rau hauv lub nkoj tooj liab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov kua hauv qab siab, thaum lub valve ntawm lub nkoj tau tig, tawg tawm thiab tuaj yeem tua hluav taws. Cov cuab yeej no zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj tua hluav taws niaj hnub no.
Lub peev xwm ntawm lub nkoj tooj liab yog 13 litres, nws tau thauj mus los ntawm lub tsheb tshwj xeeb. Cov cuab yeej no tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm kev tsim khoom nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Manby, uas ua haujlwm ntau ntawm kev tsim cov cuab yeej tua hluav taws, nrog rau ntau yam khoom siv los cawm tib neeg thaum muaj hluav taws. Kev txaus siab hauv cov ncauj lus no tsis ua haujlwm. George Manby tau pom hluav taws txaus ntshai hauv Edinburgh, uas tau thov ntau tus tib neeg lub neej, yog li nws mob siab rau lub ncauj lus no.
Harden lub pomegranate
Xyoo 1871, ib txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev tua hluav taws tau tshwm sim hauv khw - lub foob pob hluav taws. Tus kws tsim khoom Asmeskas Asmeskas Henry Harden, uas nyob hauv Chicago, tau ua daim ntawv pov thawj lub cuab yeej raws li nws lub npe. Daim ntawv patent tau muab rau lub cuab yeej "Harden's Garnet No. 1". Kev tsim khoom ntawm Asmeskas tus tsim qauv yog lub khob iav uas ntim nrog cov kua ntsev tov. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tua hluav taws, thiab lub hwj nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau muab pov rau hauv qhov hluav taws. Lub peev xwm ntawm Harden lub foob pob hluav taws thiab cov khoom sib tua zoo sib xws feem ntau yog los ntawm 700 ml mus rau ib litre.
Txawm hais tias muaj kev txwv siv cov cuab yeej zoo li no thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus, lawv muaj nyob hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntev. Nrog kev hloov pauv me me, lawv tau tsim thiab siv txij xyoo 1870 txog rau 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Ntxiv mus, lawv tau siv dav tshaj plaws tsuas yog txog xyoo 1910s. Tab sis txawm niaj hnub no, cov foob pob hluav taws lossis pov cov tshuaj tua hluav taws tseem nyob hauv khw, txawm hais tias lawv cov duab tau hloov pauv ntau xyoo, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg tau ua haujlwm zoo dua.
Harden qhov kev tsim khoom tau nquag muag ntawm Asmeskas kev ua lag luam, txog thaum xyoo 1877 cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tebchaws Askiv tau txaus siab. Yog li cov cuab yeej ua tiav hauv Ntiaj Teb Qub, qhov uas nws tau tsim los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab Askiv, suav nrog HardenStar thiab Lewisand Sinclair Company Ltd. Yav tom ntej, kev tsim khoom tsuas yog nthuav dav thiab tau pauv mus rau lwm lub chaw tsim khoom hauv Asmeskas thiab Europe.
Kev tshaj tawm thiab ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 tau cog lus tias:
Harden's Zvezda tes foob pob hluav taws yuav cawm koj txoj sia thiab khoom thaum muaj hluav taws. Yog tias tawg, cov kua uas muaj cov tshuaj hauv lub raj mis yuav tua hluav taws tam sim! Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub hwj tsis khov lossis tsis zoo zuj zus."
Raws li daim ntawv tshaj tawm, Harden lub foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem yuav tau $ 45 rau ib lub kaum os.
Harden lub pomegranate nyiam cov neeg siv khoom vim tias nws tau yooj yim siv li sai tau. Lub grenade yuav tsum tau muab pov rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub, iav tawg, tso cov ntsiab lus. Thaum pib, cov kua tshwj xeeb, carbon tetrachloride (carbon tetrachloride), ntws tawm ntawm lub ntim, uas pab tua hluav taws qhib.
Ntxiv mus, cov tshuaj no yog tshuaj lom thiab txaus ntshai rau tib neeg. Yog li ntawd, dhau sijhawm, tag nrho tib neeg lub hauv paus kev lag luam hloov mus rau kev nyab xeeb ntim, hloov qhov sib xyaw sib xyaw ua ke nrog ntsev. Tseeb, qhov xwm txheej no, feem ntau yuav, cov cuab yeej tua hluav taws ntawm lub cuab yeej nws tus kheej raug kev txom nyem qee yam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kev pheej hmoo tuag tsis yog los ntawm hluav taws, tab sis los ntawm txoj kev tua nws, tau raug txo los ntawm ob peb zaug.
Tau ntau xyoo cov neeg tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm pomegranates yog Harden lub Hoobkas hauv Chicago. Nws tau nyob ntawm no tias cov foob pob hluav taws uas nrov tshaj plaws tau tsim, uas tam sim no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov neeg sau khoom thiab cov khoom qub qub nyiam thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm cov rooj sib tham tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem pom cov khoom pov thawj, cov neeg yuav khoom tau ceeb toom ncaj ncees tias lub raj mis ntau xim muaj cov kua uas txaus ntshai rau tib neeg.
Feem ntau, Harden lub foob pob hluav taws tau txuas nrog lub nres, thiab qee qhov muaj lub voj tshwj xeeb txuas rau ntawm lub caj dab, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm dai dai cov tshuaj tua hluav taws ntawm phab ntsa. Cov pomegranates, uas tau tsim tawm hauv Chicago, muaj qhov ntxim nyiam heev, zoo ib yam li naj hoom fwj nrog lub caj dab. Kev tshaj tawm los ntawm cov xyoo ntawd tau hais tias lub Harden pob zeb tiag tiag tau ua los ntawm iav xiav thiab muaj lub hnub qub zoo li lub ntsej muag rau ntawm rooj plaub. Yog li ntawd, lwm lub npe tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo ntawd - Harden txhais tes foob pob hluav taws "Star".
Cov nplaim hluav taws niaj hnub no
Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias niaj hnub no koj yuav tsis xav tsis thoob rau leej twg nrog lub tshuab tua hluav taws, uas yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv ib lub tsheb nrog neeg caij tsheb, cov foob pob hluav taws tseem nyob hauv khw. Cov foob pob hluav taws lossis pov tseg cov tshuaj tua hluav taws tuaj yeem siv tua hluav taws hauv chav tsev, chaw ua haujlwm, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, kev thauj mus los rau pej xeem, thiab hauv thaj chaw muaj neeg coob.
Cov khoom lag luam no tseem nyob hauv kev ua lag luam vim muaj ntau yam, ntawm qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv yog lub ntsiab. Ib tus neeg tsuas yog xav tau pov cov foob pob hluav taws rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub. Kev yooj yim yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, txij li thaum muaj xwm txheej ntxhov siab tib neeg feem ntau poob thiab pib poob siab; nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws ntau tshaj plaws. Lwm qhov zoo ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws, ua rau lawv yooj yim siv, yog tias lawv tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm cov neeg ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog. Qhov kom zoo dua yog qhov hnyav tsawg ntawm cov khoom siv no.
Piv txwv ntawm kev tua hluav taws niaj hnub no yog Rescuer-01 ntaus ntawv (SAT119). Qhov tua hluav taws no tuaj yeem nrhiav tau yooj yim hauv Is Taws Nem, nrog rau cov vis dis aus qhia nws lub peev xwm los tua cov nplaim taws. Lub foob pob no yog lub tank uas ntim nrog cov dej tshwj xeeb thiab cov tshuaj uas ua kom tsis muaj hluav taws kub.
Tus neeg siv tsuas yog xav tau muab cov cuab yeej pov rau hauv cov nplaim taws, lub hwj yuav tawg, thiab cov kua nrog cov tshuaj yuav pib ua. Cov dej los ntawm pomegranate txo qis qhov kub hnyiab, thiab tso cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab ammonia gases ua rau cov pa oxygen tsis txaus, ua rau hluav taws kub tsis zoo. Lub foob pob hluav taws no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tau zoo nyob rau theem pib ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, qhov uas cov tshuaj lom nruab nrab kev sib txuas ntawm thaj chaw loj dua li kis dej.
Cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 8-15 square metres. Qhov no txaus los tua hluav taws pib hauv chav tsev lossis chaw haujlwm. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide thaiv kev nkag mus rau cov pa mus rau qhov chaw tua hluav taws, thiab phosphate thiab ammonium bicarbonate txwv tsis pub cov tshuaj tua hluav taws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Rescuer - 01 lub foob pob hluav taws (SAT119) yog ib puag ncig zoo, nws tsis ua mob rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg. Ib qho kev phom sij yog tsw ntxhiab ntawm ammonia, tab sis txawm hais tias nws tsis zoo rau ib tus neeg, nws tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij.
