Astana nrhiav tsim riam phom niaj hnub ntawm nws tus kheej
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 14, Kazakhstan tau pib tsim kho lub teb chaws thawj daim cartridge cog, uas yuav tsum tau muab cov tub rog nrog cov hom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov mos txwv mos txwv. Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem kev lag luam, cov koom pheej tseem tab tom txhim kho cov tub rog-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, siv zog tsawg kawg ib nrab muab cov tub rog ua tub rog nrog cov khoom ntawm nws tus kheej kev tsim khoom.
Kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam nyuaj kuj tseem txhawb los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Middle East thiab thaj chaw ntawm yav dhau los USSR, uas, hauv Astana qhov kev xav, yog qhov muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai.
Txog thaum kawg tus neeg saib xyuas Soviet
Qhov pib ntawm kev tsim kho cov ntoo cog tau muab rau tus kheej los ntawm Minister of Defense of Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) Imangali Tasmagambetov. Qhov chaw nyob hauv Karaganda ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Saryarka thaj chaw tshwj xeeb kev lag luam. Kev tshaj tawm xov xwm los ntawm chav saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv piav qhia tias tsob ntoo tau tsim "los xyuas kom muaj qib tsim nyog ntawm kev nyab xeeb hauv tebchaws, nrog rau kev txiav txim siab txo qis ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas muaj cov mos txwv rau caj npab me me." Hom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov mos txwv me me nyob rau hauv cov koom pheej ntawm yav dhau los USSR tau teem rau kev tsim khoom: 5, 45x39, 7, 62x54, 9x18, 9x19 mm. Ua tsaug rau lub tuam txhab tshiab, Kazakhstan cia siab tias yuav tsis tsuas yog npog cov kev xav tau sab hauv rau cov cartridges ntawm cov ntsuas no, tab sis kuj tseem tsim kev xa tawm.
Cov lus hais tias kev tsim kho cov nroj tsuag cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis hauv cov peev txheej muaj tsis yog qhov tseeb. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis, lub tsev sab saud tau pom zoo hloov pauv tsis pub dhau tsib lab phom ntawm cov mos txwv mus rau Kyrgyzstan nyob sib ze, uas tab tom yuav tas sij hawm. Yog tias cov tub rog Kazakh, uas tsis tau ua rog nrog leej twg, tsis tau tswj kom tua lawv ntawm thaj chaw kawm, tom qab ntawd tseem tsis tau muaj qhov tsis txaus. Qhov tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev yuav khoom hauv Russia. Qhov laj thawj tiag rau kev tsim cov nroj tsuag yog tias Kazakhstan xav kom muaj kev ywj pheej los ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ze sab qaum teb hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo li cov neeg txhawb nqa, txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm nws tus kheej kev lag luam tiv thaiv thiab hlau. Tsuas yog kev siv tooj dag tom qab ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab yuav yog, raws li kev kwv yees, kwv yees li 300 tons hauv ib xyoos. Kev siv cov khoom siv raw thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv ib cheeb tsam, raws li Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan hais txog, yuav ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov neeg xa khoom sab nraud.
Cov cuab yeej tsim khoom rau tsob ntoo yuav muab los ntawm Canadian tuam txhab Waterbury Farrel, nws lub peev xwm tom qab ua haujlwm yuav yog 30 lab daim cartridges hauv ib xyoos. Kev tsim kho tau npaj ua kom tiav los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 2017. Ntawd yog, hauv ob xyoos koom pheej yuav tuaj yeem muab nws tus kheej nrog cov mos txwv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov mos txwv loj heev ntawm Soviet yuav nyob hauv cov chaw khaws khoom ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan. Tsuas yog daim cartridges 5, 45x39 mm, raws li tau sau tseg ntawm cov rooj sib tham tsis ntev los no hauv Senate, Kazakhstan muaj ntau dua ib plhom leej.
Cov tsheb tiv thaiv nrog lub qhov muag ntawm Tuam Tshoj
Cov xwm txheej ntawm ob xyoos dhau los hauv Crimea, kev nqis tes ua sai sai ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntxiv rau cov tsheb uas muaj lub log tsheb loj hauv CIS lub tebchaws. Kazakhstan ua raws txoj hauv kev pov thawj thiab tsim kev tsim cov cuab yeej siv log tsheb nrog South African lub tuam txhab Paramount Group. Kev sib koom ua ke "Kazakhstan Paramount Engineering" koom nrog tsim peb hom tsheb tiv thaiv: Marauder, Maverick thiab Mbombe, uas tau txais lub npe "Arlan", "Nomad" thiab "Barys" hauv Kazakhstan.
"Arlan" yog lub tsheb tiv thaiv uas hnyav 13 thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm tsib tons nrog kev npaj log 4x4. Nrog ob tus neeg coob thiab yim tus paratroopers. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm lub hull muab kev tiv thaiv kuv thiab tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo ntawm STANAG 4569 qib 3. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev loj yog 120 kilometers toj ib teev, kev caij nkoj ntau yog 700 kilometers. Thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas hauv Kazakhstan, raws li cov peev txheej hauv cheeb tsam, "Arlan" tiv thaiv qhov tawg ntawm yim kg ntawm TNT, tua los ntawm Kalashnikov phom ntev ntawm 5, 45 thiab 7, 62 mm caliber los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 50 meters, los ntawm SVD - los ntawm 100 meters. Qhov tseeb, Kazakhstani corps tseem tsuas yog. Cov cav thiab txuas txuas rau Arlan yuav muab los ntawm Lavxias KamAZ. Yav tom ntej, nws tau npaj yuav nce qhov feem ntawm nws tus kheej cov khoom mus rau 40 feem pua. Tus nqi ntawm lub tsheb tsis muaj npe, thawj lub tsheb tiv thaiv lub tsheb raug nqi kwv yees li ib nrab lab. Cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom muab rau kev tsim khoom ntawm 120 lub tsheb hauv ib xyoos.
Lub tuam txhab tau pib nrog kev cia siab rau kev xa tawm. Daim ntawv pom zoo daim ntawv tso cai muaj peev xwm xa mus rau 12 lub tebchaws, suav nrog Russia thiab Suav. Qhov kawg ntawm Lub Ib Hlis, thaum Imangali Tasmagambetov mus ntsib Jordan, tau pom zoo daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev muab 50 Arlans rau cov tub rog ntawm lub nceeg vaj. Rau kev lag luam uas nyuam qhuav pib tsim khoom sib dhos, daim ntawv cog lus no, yog tias ua tiav, yuav ua tiav zoo. Thaum pib, Astana, pom tseeb, tau suav rau hauv Lavxias lag luam ib yam nkaus. Tab sis raws li qhov xwm txheej tam sim no Moscow tsis zoo li yuav Arlans. Txoj phiaj xwm tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov rau xyoo 2016 muab rau kev yuav khoom ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv ntawm peb tus kheej kev tsim khoom. Ntxiv mus, tau raug hlawv los ntawm kev koom tes nrog Ukraine, Russia tsis txaus siab txog kev tso tub rog xaj mus txawv tebchaws - txawm tias zoo li cov xeev sib koom ua ke.
Nrog kev tso tawm ntawm Nomad thiab Barys, tsis muaj qhov tseeb. "Nomad" yog rau tub ceev xwm. "Barys" yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev npaj cov tub rog. Nws yuav tsum tau tsim ua ob qho qauv: 6x6 thiab 8x8. Lub rau-lub log sib txawv ntawm "Arlan" los ntawm yuav luag ob zaug nws qhov hnyav (22.5 tons) thiab muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv. Ntxiv rau tus thawj coj, tus tsav tsheb thiab tus tua phom "Barys" tau tsim los rau yim tus tub rog caij nkoj nrog riam phom tag nrho. Kev npaj cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm nrog cov tsheb no yuav xav tau kev siv nyiaj ntau, uas tau mus dhau lub sijhawm nyuaj vim tias tus nqi roj poob. "Barys" yog qhov tseem ceeb hloov kho niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog, tab sis tsoomfwv tseem tsis tau muaj txoj haujlwm los hloov Soviet cov tub rog tiv thaiv tub rog -60, -70 thiab -80 nrog nws, uas tau nkag siab zoo los ntawm Ministry of Defense ntawm koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas tshaj tawm xov xwm luam tawm ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm Barys hais tias nws cov khoom tuaj yeem hloov kho tau yog tias cov tub rog hauv av xav tau cov cuab yeej zoo li no.
Optics xa tawm tseem tsis tau pom
Nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no, Kazakhstan tau pib tsim txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm ntu tshiab ntawm kev lag luam tub rog. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2011, kev tiv thaiv loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws tau tuav Kazakhstan Engineering, Turkish tuam txhab ASELSAN thiab pawg kws saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv Turkish tau tsim kev sib koom ua lag luam, uas cov tsim tau txais feem 50, 49 thiab 1 feem pua ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Nws tau tsom mus rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hmo ntuj thiab nruab hnub, ntsuas cua sov, pom qhov muag pom, thiab lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws. Txij li yav dhau los tsis muaj kev tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis zoo hauv Kazakhstan, nws tuaj yeem xav tias qhov kev faib tawm ntawm nws tus kheej cov khoom siv kho qhov muag yuav ua kom haum.
Tsis zoo li kev sib dhos tsim cov tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog, qhov twg twb muaj cov qauv thiab txawm tias thawj qhov kev xa khoom rau nws tus kheej cov tub rog thiab rau kev xa tawm tau npaj, me ntsis paub txog Astana txoj kev vam meej hauv kev tsim cov tub rog qhov muag. Kev xa tawm cov cuab yeej tsim khoom los ntawm Kazakhstan ASELSAN Engineering tau tham txog thaum Imangali Tasmagambetov tsis ntev los no mus rau Jordan, tab sis tsis muaj kev cog lus tshwj xeeb tau kos npe. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2015, nws tau tshaj tawm tias xyoo no lub tuam txhab npaj yuav pib tsim cov iav tsom iav rau qhov ntsuas cua sov siv lub nanotechnology. CIS lub tebchaws thiab Qaib Cov Txwv raug txiav txim siab ua lag luam rau lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem suav rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv Lavxias, vim tias hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsis sib haum nrog Ankara, Moscow tsis zoo li yuav yuav cov tub rog Turkish-cov khoom lag luam nyuaj sau hauv Kazakhstan.
Qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws yog nrog kev tsim cov khoom siv tub rog. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2011, Kazakhstan Engineering thiab Spanish tuam txhab Indra Sistemas S. A. tsim kev sib koom ua lag luam uas Astana tau txais 49 feem pua. Nws yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev tsim cov radar, kev siv hluav taws xob ua tsov rog, kev tshawb nrhiav thiab lwm yam xov tooj cua siv tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib yam paub txog kev ua tiav hauv txoj kev qhia no. Lub chaw xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus rau Kazakh pab tub rog tseem yog Alma-Ata cog npe tom qab S. M. Kirov. Raws li Ministry of Defense ntawm Koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan, tsib xyoos dhau los, lub tuam txhab tau muab ntau dua 100 yam khoom siv sib txuas xov tooj rau cov tub rog ntawm lub tebchaws, uas ntau dua 40 - hauv 2015. Tib lub tsev cog khoom xyoo tas los tau muab kho dua tshiab ntawm R-142N1 cov lus txib thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsheb raws KamAZ cov tsheb thauj khoom, tsim kev sib tham thiab hloov khoom siv rau lawv.
Caspian saib xyuas
Kev sim tsim cov khoom sib dhos kuj tseem tau ua los ntawm Astana hauv kev lag luam dav hlau. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2010, kev sib koom ua lag luam Eurocopter Kazakhstan Engineering tau tsim nrog Airbus Helicopters. Raws li cov phiaj xwm, nws cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum yog 10-12 EC-145 helicopters hauv ib xyoos, sib sau ua ke los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsheb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua tiav kev sib dhos tsis yooj yim. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov nyoob hoom qav taub tau muab rau Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan tseem suav nrog hauv cov koog, kev hloov pauv ntawm txhua lub tshuab dhau los ua qhov xwm txheej. Thaum kawg ntawm 2012, Sab Kazakh sab tau tham nrog Lavxias Nyoob hoom qav taub qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev teeb tsa kev tsim khoom sib dhos ntawm Ka-226T ntawm Lub Khoos Tshav Dav Hlau Kho Vaj Tsev No. 405 hauv Alma-Ata hauv tebchaws. Cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv tsev tau kwv yees ntawm 200-250 lub dav hlau, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tsuas yog 100 lub dav hlau zoo li no tau ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws. Tab sis qhov teeb meem tsis dhau qhov kev sib tham.
Kev ua tiav ntawm Kazakhstani cov tub rog-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj hauv kev tsim tub rog nkoj yog qhov pom tau ntau dua, uas muaj lub hom phiaj yog vim li cas. Hauv Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, ntau lub tuam txhab loj rau kev tsim riam phom rau Soviet Navy tau khiav tawm ntawm no. Tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm USSR, lawv tau rov tsim kho ib nrab rau cov khoom lag luam rau pej xeem thiab ua tiav yam tshiab ntawm kev ua haujlwm - kev tsim kho cov nkoj me me. Kev tswj hwm thaj tsam loj ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Caspian, nplua nuj hauv cov roj av khaws cia thiab ntses, Kazakhstan xav tau nws tus kheej lub nkoj saib xyuas.
Kev tsim nkoj ua tub rog tau ua tiav los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab hauv nroog Uralsk - Zenit cog thiab NII Gidropribor. Thawj zaug hauv ob thiab ib nrab xyoo dhau los tsim 23 lub nkoj los ntawm 13 txog 250 tons. Gidropribor tsim cov nkoj loj nrog kev txav mus los txog li 70 tons. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2016, Kazakhstan Engineering tshaj tawm txog kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Zenit, uas yuav tso cai rau nws tsim cov nkoj txog li 600 tons ntawm qhov hnyav.
Kev ua tub rog rau kev xav tau sab hauv
Lub tebchaws ntawm kev koom tes ua tub rog-txuj ci ntawm Kazakhstan qhia tias, txawm hais tias nws koom nrog CSTO thiab EAEU, Astana tau tsom mus rau kev txhim kho kev koom tes nrog cov thawj coj tiv thaiv kev lag luam ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv, European Union thiab South Africa. Ntxiv mus, qhov kev xav no tau tshwm sim nws tus kheej ntev ua ntej pib muaj teeb meem hauv tebchaws Ukraine, uas ua rau muaj kev ntshai ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov koom pheej thiab ib feem ntawm cov tebchaws uas muaj npe nyob rau sab qaum teb Kazakhstan, nyob hauv Lavxias thiab haiv neeg hais lus Lavxias, tuaj yeem rov ua txoj hmoo ntawm Crimea. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev tsom mus rau kev koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv txawv teb chaws yog lub siab xav ua raws ntau txoj cai txawv teb chaws txoj cai, nrog rau kom tau txais kev nkag mus rau cov tub rog thev naus laus zis niaj hnub txhawm rau txhawm rau tsim lawv tus kheej cov khoom lag luam thiab xa tawm mus rau yav tom ntej.
Ntawm txoj hauv kev no, Kazakhstan ntsib ntau yam teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog qhov kev lag luam nyob hauv ib puag ncig, tsis muaj lub hauv paus tsim khoom, tsim nyog muaj peev xwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog. Hauv kev hais txog nyiaj txiag, kev tsim khoom me me ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Yog li ntawd, kev suav yog rau kev lag luam ntawm Russia thiab lwm lub tebchaws EAEU. Tab sis nrog Western kev rau txim thiab teeb meem nrog Ankara, qhov kev cia siab rau Moscow kom yuav khoom siv tub rog, uas yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm European lossis Turkish cov tub rog-kev tsim khoom lag luam nyob hauv qab Kazakh hom, ze rau xoom. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas Astana tau mob siab rau npaj npaj xa cov khoom siv tub rog mus rau cov tebchaws ntawm Middle East. Tab sis lawv muaj lawv tus kheej kev ua tub rog-kev sib raug zoo uas tau tsim nyob rau ntau caum xyoo, thiab nws nyuaj rau nkag mus rau hauv khw no.
Hauv Soviet cov tub rog-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov kws tsim khoom yog ib txwm Slavs. Nws yog qhov xav tau kev tsim kho thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab tshiab uas tau piav qhia ntau txog kev nkag los ntawm cov neeg European mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Kazakh SSR hauv xyoo ua tsov rog. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv peb lub hlis twg ntawm ib puas xyoo uas tau dhau los txij thaum tau txais kev ywj pheej, cov koom pheej tau poob ib nrab ntawm nws cov neeg Lavxias thiab ntau qhov kev muaj peev xwm hauv kev siv tshuab thiab lwm yam lag luam tsuas yog poob lawm. Vim li ntawd, nws nyuaj rau nrhiav cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog rau cov tub rog ua lag luam niaj hnub no. Lawv tau sim daws qhov teeb meem los ntawm kev qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv Western cov tsev kawm txuj ci thev naus laus zis nyob hauv Bolashak txoj haujlwm, uas yuav luag tshwj xeeb rau Kazakhs koom nrog. Tab sis txoj hauv kev no cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv mus rau Western txheej txheem txuj ci, uas siv sijhawm thiab muaj peev xwm tsim nyog.
Qee qhov kev ua tiav tiav hauv kev ua tub rog kev lag luam nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no tsis tso cai rau peb tham txog qhov muaj kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam hauv Kazakhstan. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov lag luam txawv teb chaws thiab tsim kom muaj kev xa tawm ntawm MPP, muaj feem ntau uas cov tuam txhab tshiab yuav nyob twj ywm me me los ua ke kev tsim khoom rau sab hauv.
