Nyob rau Hnub Hnub ntawm Navigator ntawm Lavxias Navy. Yuav ua li cas cov kev pabcuam navigational ntawm Lavxias navy tau tsim thiab tsim

Cov txheej txheem:

Nyob rau Hnub Hnub ntawm Navigator ntawm Lavxias Navy. Yuav ua li cas cov kev pabcuam navigational ntawm Lavxias navy tau tsim thiab tsim
Nyob rau Hnub Hnub ntawm Navigator ntawm Lavxias Navy. Yuav ua li cas cov kev pabcuam navigational ntawm Lavxias navy tau tsim thiab tsim

Video: Nyob rau Hnub Hnub ntawm Navigator ntawm Lavxias Navy. Yuav ua li cas cov kev pabcuam navigational ntawm Lavxias navy tau tsim thiab tsim

Video: Nyob rau Hnub Hnub ntawm Navigator ntawm Lavxias Navy. Yuav ua li cas cov kev pabcuam navigational ntawm Lavxias navy tau tsim thiab tsim
Video: Kolossi Castle (crusaders Castle) in Cyprus 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 25, Cov tub rog Lavxias, uas nws cov kev pabcuam cuam tshuam nrog kev tso cov chav kawm ntawm nkoj, nkoj, dav hlau thiab helicopters ntawm Lavxias Navy, taug kev thiab saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv khoom siv, ua kev zoo siab Hnub Hnub ntawm tus neeg tsav nkoj ntawm Lavxias Navy. Hnub Navigator ntawm Lavxias Navy tau ua kev zoo siab txij li xyoo 1997-tom qab nees nkaum xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Xya Hli 15, 1996, tom qab ntawd Tus Thawj Coj-Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lavxias Navy, Admiral ntawm Fleet Felix Gromov, tau kos npe xaj xaj 253 " Ntawm kev qhia txog cov hnub so txhua xyoo thiab cov hnub ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. " Nws tau txiav txim siab ua kev zoo siab rau hnub so ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj thaum Lub Ib Hlis 25 - hauv kev hwm hnub ntawm kev tshaj tawm Txoj Cai ntawm Peter the Great hauv 1701, raws li uas Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Ua Lej thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb tau tsim, nrog rau navigational kev pab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab fleet. Yog li, yog tias peb coj 1701 los ua qhov pib, tom qab ntawd xyoo 2016 Lavxias cov tub rog caij nkoj ua kev zoo siab 315 xyoos ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm.

Ntawm lub hauv paus pib ntawm kev pabcuam navigational. Tsev kawm ntawv qhia kev

Duab
Duab

Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Ua lej thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb, qhib los ntawm Peter Great, tau dhau los ua thawj lub tsev kawm tub rog uas tau qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov tub rog Lavxias, nrog rau cov tub rog loj thiab cov kws tsim txuj ci rau pab tub rog hauv av. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau nyob hauv Moscow, hauv Sukharev Tower thiab yog thawj lub hauv paus rau Armory Chamber ntawm Pushkar Prikaz, uas yog coj los ntawm Field Marshal Fyodor Golovin (1650-1706). Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau coj los ntawm Yakov Vilimovich Bruce (1669-1735). Qhov tseeb, nws lub npe yog James Daniel Bruce, nws yog neeg Scottish los ntawm kev yug los, tus sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe Scottish Bruce, uas nws cov neeg sawv cev tau nyob hauv tebchaws Russia txij xyoo 1647. Jacob Bruce nws tus kheej tau kawm hauv tsev, tom qab ntawd xyoo 1683 nws tau cuv npe hauv Amusement Regiment, tom qab ntawd maj mam nce qib hauv pab tub rog. Bruce nrog Peter ntawm nws txoj kev mus txawv tebchaws nyob rau xyoo 1697. Xyoo 1700, nyob rau hmo ua ntej ntawm kev qhib lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws twb muaj npe nyob rau hauv Major General ntawm Lavxias Kev Pabcuam. Txhawm rau teeb tsa txoj kev kawm, cov kws qhia txawv tebchaws tsim nyog tau raug caw tuaj koom lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis cov tub ceev xwm Lavxias uas tau muaj kev paub txog kev siv phom loj thiab kev tsim vaj tsev kuj tau ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv.

Ntawm thawj tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv - Askiv Askiv Henry Farvarson - xibfwb qhia ntawv hauv University of Aberdeen, lej thiab lej astronomer; Englishmen Stefan Gwynne thiab Richard Grace, tus kws sau lej lej Lavxias zoo Leonty Filippovich Magnitsky - tus sau thawj phau ntawv txhais lus Lavxias hauv kev ua lej "Arithmetic, uas yog, lej ntawm cov lej sib txawv los txhais ua lus Slavic …", luam tawm xyoo 1703 Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Ua Lej Zej Zog thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb tsom mus rau tau npaj rau kev npaj cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv kev ua lej, engineering, phom loj thiab tshawb fawb txog dej hiav txwv. Cov kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv tau xa mus rau pab tub rog thiab tub rog, tab sis kuj tseem mus rau kev ua haujlwm pej xeem - raws li cov kws qhia ntawv hauv lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv, kws tsim vaj tsev, kws tsim vaj tsev, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv ntau lub tuam tsev. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau faib ua tsev kawm qis thiab qib siab. Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv qis lawv qhia nyeem ntawv, sau ntawv, lej lej, duab geometry thiab trigonometry. Lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab qhia German, lej thiab kev qhuab qhia tshwj xeeb - tub rog, rab phom loj thiab kev tsim vaj tsev. Cov menyuam yaus ntawm cov neeg muaj koob npe, cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua haujlwm, los ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11 txog 23 xyoos tau mus kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Lawm, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau tsev neeg muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm Russia - Volkonsky, Dolgoruky, Golovins, Khovansky, Sheremetyevs, Urusovs, Shakhovsky thiab ntau lwm tus - nrawm muab lawv cov menyuam rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv no, tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Txog lub Cuaj Hlis 28, 1701, 180 tus neeg tau txais neeg ua haujlwm, txog rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 19, 1701 - 250 tus neeg, txog rau lub Plaub Hlis 1, 1704 - 300 tus neeg. Lub sijhawm kawm ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Zauv thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb yog kwv yees li 10-15 xyoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais kev qhia paub ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog, ntawm rab phom thiab cov phom loj, hauv cov rog thiab txawv teb chaws. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv uas tsis tau mob siab rau ntau thiab muaj qhov txawv los ntawm kev kawm tau zoo tau muab rau cov kws txawj ntse, cov neeg tsav nkoj, cov tub rog, cov phom, thiab lwm yam. Xyoo 1706, tom qab Fyodor Golovin tuag, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau raug xa rov mus rau Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Tub Rog, thiab xyoo 1712 - mus rau Admiralty Chancellery. Lub sijhawm no, kev tswj hwm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau ua los ntawm General-Admiral Count Fyodor Apraksin (1661-1728).

Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 16 (27), 1712, Peter the Great tau kos npe rau tsab cai lij choj ntawm kev nthuav dav lub tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm kev tsim cov chav kawm engineering thiab cov phom loj ntxiv: thaum lawv kawm tiav cov lej, kawm geometry ntau npaum li nws tsim nyog rau engineering; thiab tom qab ntawd muab tus kws tshaj lij los qhia kev txhim kho thiab ib txwm khaws tag nrho 100 tus neeg lossis 150 leej, uas yog ob feem peb, lossis tsis xav tau, yog los ntawm kev ua neeg ncaj ncees … "(Tsab Cai ntawm Peter I, Lub Ib Hlis 16, 1712). Txawm li cas los xij, twb tau nyob hauv tib lub xyoo 1712, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm kev siv phom loj thiab kev tsim vaj tsev raug xa mus rau St. Kev txhim kho ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws kuj xav tau kev txhim kho kev kawm zoo ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov kws tshaj lij rau cov nkoj thiab cov kev pabcuam hauv av. Xyoo 1715, cov chav kawm navigator, nrog rau chav kawm phom loj thiab kev tsim vaj tsev, tau pauv mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov uas Naval Academy tau tsim los ntawm lawv lub hauv paus. Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Lej thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb, uas yog Captain Brunz tau raug xaiv los ua lub taub hau xyoo 1717, dhau los ua lub tsev kawm npaj rau ntawm Naval Academy. Xyoo 1753 Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Zauv thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb tau raug tshem tawm. Ua ke nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev qhia txog tub rog, kev pabcuam ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj hauv lub nkoj tseem tau txhim kho. Rov qab rau xyoo 1701, Peter the Great tau qhia txog txoj haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj, uas nws muaj peev xwm suav nrog kev tswj hwm dav dav ntawm kev siv dej thiab kev pabcuam tsav dav hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Peter the Great tau hais kom ua tib zoo saib xyuas tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj, uas nws kev qhuab qhia nws tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm: "Cov neeg tsav nkoj yuav tsum tsis raug tso cai rau hauv taverns, rau lawv, ua siab phem, tsis txhob yig kom qaug cawv thiab ua rau muaj kev sib cav. "Lossis" Cov navigators thaum sib ntaus sib tua tsis txhob mus rau lub lawj sab saud, vim tias lawv chim tag nrho kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lawv cov tsos phem ". Xyoo 1768, Catherine II tau tshaj tawm "Cov Cai Tswj hwm kev tswj hwm ntawm lub nkoj thiab cov nkoj", uas tseem tau muab rau tus thawj tswj hwm tshaj li cov neeg tsav nkoj. Xyoo 1797, Txoj Cai Tshiab ntawm Lub Nkoj tau pom zoo, raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm xibfwb ntawm kev tshawb fawb astronomy thiab kev tshawb nrhiav, uas nyob ntawm lub nkoj ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub nkoj, tau tshwm sim ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm lub nkoj, tswj hwm txhua tus neeg tsav nkoj thiab kev cob qhia midshipmen, txhawm rau suav qhov chaw ntawm lub nkoj, chaw nres nkoj, qhov nqaim, saib cov nthwv dej, hloov rab koob sib nqus, thiab lwm yam.

Marine Academy

Xyoo 1715, raws li peb tau sau tseg saum toj no, Maritime Academy tau tsim, nyob hauv St. Petersburg - hauv tsev A. V. Kikina ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm tus dej. Tsis yog koj. Tam sim no, lub tsev ntawm Winter Palace nyob ntawd. Txhawm rau kawm ntawm Maritime Academy, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Moscow Mathematics and Navigation School thiab Narva Navigation School uas muaj los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau pauv mus rau St. Petersburg. Yeej, cov no yog cov tub ntxhais hluas los ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe uas tau ua tub rog thiab tau xa mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv txhawm rau txhim kho lawv cov kev paub hauv kev ua tub rog. Yog li, Naval Academy tau dhau los ua thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia (lej thiab kev qhia tsev kawm ntawv tau qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm rau pab tub rog, rau pab tub rog, thiab rau kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm pej xeem). Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cov npe ntawm cov kev kawm txuj ci ntawm Maritime Academy tau suav sau los ntawm Emperor Peter the Great nrog nws tus kheej tes. Tus qauv ntawm Naval Academy tau ua tub rog. Cov tub rog tau koom ua ke hauv 6 pab pawg ntawm 50 leej neeg. Cov kws paub dhau los raug xaiv los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog. Lawv tau txais kev pab los ntawm cov pab - ib lossis ob tus tub ceev xwm thiab ob tus tub ceev xwm ntawm ib pab tub rog. Tsis tas li, ntau tus "txiv ntxawm" tau raug xaiv rau txhua tus tub rog - cov tub rog uas muaj kev paub dhau los, muaj qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm tus kheej zoo. Lawv lub luag haujlwm suav nrog ua kom muaj kev qhuab qhia ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm kev kawm. Los ntawm txoj kev, ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov tub rog, tab sis nyob hauv cov tsev ntiav. Kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau ua los ntawm tus thawj coj, uas tau raug xaiv los ua Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Baron P. Saint Hilaire. Kev tswj hwm ncaj qha ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm nws tus kheej tau ua los ntawm Henry Farvarson, uas yav dhau los tau qhia ntawm Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Ua Zauv thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb. Cov neeg ua haujlwm qhia tseem ceeb ntawm Maritime Academy kuj tau pauv los ntawm kev ua lej thiab kev qhia tsev kawm ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1717, Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Saint-Hilaire tau raug hloov los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Naval Academy los ntawm Suav Andrei Artamonovich Matveev (1666-1728), tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias thiab tus kws tshaj lij, tus qub tub txib ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws hauv Vienna, ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. ntawm tus Emperor ntawm Roman Empire Dawb Huv. Txawm li cas los xij, twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1719, Matveyev tau raug xa mus rau tus thawj tswj hwm thiab tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Justitz Collegium, thiab Tus Thawj Tub Rog Grigory Grigorievich Skornyakov-Pisarev, uas yav dhau los tau qhia txog kev siv phom loj ntawm Naval Academy thiab Moscow Mathematics thiab Navigation School, tau dhau los ua lub taub hau. ntawm Naval Academy. "Nws yog tus txiv neej nruj, nruj, piv txwv ntawm qhov uas tsawg kawg yog qhov tseeb, txawm tias yog los ntawm lub sijhawm nws tseem hluas, tsuas yog kev khiav tawm, uas yog xyoo 1706 hauv lub tuam txhab foob pob, tau ua los ntawm cov tub rog hluas tawm ntawm ntshai tias "nws tau poob nws tus tub rog lub pas nrig"; hauv qhov kev pabcuam nws yog tus neeg ua haujlwm txias thiab nyiam ua haujlwm, tus hlub txhua yam kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ua haujlwm, "cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig rov hais txog Grigory Skornyakov-Pisarev.

Naval Academy tau kawm tshwj xeeb rau Lavxias lub nkoj hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm nkoj, kev tsim kho nkoj, kev tiv thaiv, thiab kev siv phom loj ntawm tub rog. Xyoo 1718, kev cob qhia cov neeg tshawb fawb, cov kws sau paj lug thiab cov kws sau paj huam kuj tau pib. Tau ntev, Maritime Academy tsis muaj lub sijhawm kawm tas li nyob hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv niaj hnub no. Lub sijhawm kawm ntawv nyob ntawm tus neeg paub thiab lub peev xwm ntawm txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm. Thaum nws kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nws yuav tsum tau kawm txog lej, trigonometry, astronomy, kev taw qhia, kev siv phom loj thiab lwm yam kev qhuab qhia. Xyoo 1732, Empress Anna Ioannovna nthuav qhia lub tsev pob zeb loj nyob ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm Bolshaya Neva embankment thiab kab thib 3 rau qhov xav tau ntawm Maritime Academy.

Nyob rau Hnub Hnub ntawm Navigator ntawm Lavxias Navy. Yuav ua li cas cov kev pabcuam navigational ntawm Lavxias navy tau tsim thiab tsim
Nyob rau Hnub Hnub ntawm Navigator ntawm Lavxias Navy. Yuav ua li cas cov kev pabcuam navigational ntawm Lavxias navy tau tsim thiab tsim

Naval Cadet Corps - los ntawm Elizabeth mus rau Kev Hloov Pauv

Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov tub rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman tau ua tiav los ntawm peb lub tsev kawm ntawv - Naval Academy, Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Nkoj thiab Midshipmen Company. Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus nug ntawm kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cob qhia rau cov tub ceev xwm txuas ntxiv los tham. Thaum kawg, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna tau pom zoo nrog txoj haujlwm ntawm Vice Admiral Voin Yakovlevich Rimsky -Korsakov, uas tau thov tsim ib lub tsev kawm ntawv rau lub nkoj nrog rau txoj haujlwm dav dua - zoo li Av Gentry Corps, uas tau kawm cov tub ceev xwm rau cov tub rog hauv av. Hlis ntuj nqeg 15, 1752Elizaveta Petrovna tau kos npe rau tsab cai lij choj ntawm kev tsim ntawm Marine Gentry Cadet Corps los ntawm Naval Academy. Tom qab ntawd, Lub Tsev Kawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Lub Tuam Txhab Midshipmen tau raug tshem tawm. Tsuas yog cov neeg muaj keeb kwm muaj txiaj ntsig uas tau kawm nyob rau ntawd hauv kev ua tub rog thiab kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm thiab tau txais qib naval muaj txoj hauv kev nkag mus rau Marine gentry cadet corps.

Ib yam li Naval Academy, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau raug teeb tsa raws li kev ua tub rog. Cadets thiab midshipmen (cov tub ntxhais kawm qib ob thiab qib peb tau raug hu ua cadets, thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm qib kawm tiav thawj zaug raug hu ua midshipmen) tau raug coj los ua peb lub tuam txhab, zoo ib yam rau peb chav kawm. Xyoo 1762, kaum xyoo tom qab nws tsim, cov tub rog tau hloov npe yooj yim li Naval Cadet Corps. Tom qab qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 1771, nws tau raug xa mus rau Kronstadt, muab tso rau hauv lub tsev ntawm Italian Palace, uas lub tsev kawm ntawv tau nyob mus txog thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1796, thaum nws tau xa rov qab mus rau St. Txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev hloov mus rau St. Petersburg tau kos npe los ntawm Emperor Paul I, uas tau ntseeg tias lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm hauv nkoj yuav tsum tau nyob hauv ib puag ncig tam sim ntawm cov lus txib ntawm lub nkoj. Alexander kuv kuj ua raws txoj kab no. Nws pom zoo nrog kev xav ntawm tus kws sau tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm Hauv Fleet, hnub tim 1804, thiab lees paub qhov xav tau los tswj hwm kev qhia zoo rau cov neeg tsav nkoj, txhawb kev kawm ntxiv rau cov neeg tsav nkoj tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm Naval Cadet Corps, teeb tsa kev qhia paub rau midshipmen tab tom kawm paub tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsav nkoj, caw cov neeg paub ntau tshaj thiab paub txog kev tsav nkoj.

Maj mam, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv lub tsev tau loj hlob, lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm tau zoo tuaj. Yog li, xyoo 1826, 505 cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog caij nkoj tau kawm hauv cov tub rog. Xyoo 1827, Cov tub ceev xwm tau tsim los ntawm cov tub rog, thiab xyoo 1862 lawv tau hloov pauv mus rau Kev Kawm Txuj Ci ntawm Marine Sciences. Xyoo 1877, raws li Kev Kawm Txuj Ci ntawm Marine Sciences, Nikolaev Naval Academy (tam sim no yog Naval Academy) tau tsim. Rov qab rau xyoo 1827, Vaj Ntxwv Nicholas Kuv tau pom zoo "Txoj Cai ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nkoj Nkoj". Raws li txoj cai no, tau tshaj tawm tus kws tshuaj xyuas ntawm Naval Navigators Corps tau pom zoo, uas tau tuav los ntawm General-Hydrograph (xyoo 1837, Lub Chaw Haujlwm General-Hydrograph tau hloov pauv mus rau Lub Chaw Haujlwm Hauv Cheeb Tsam). Tus kws tshuaj xyuas ntawm Naval Navigation Corps tau ua tus saib xyuas ob tus neeg soj ntsuam ntawm lub nkoj - Hiav Txwv Dub thiab Baltic. Hauv Caspian thiab Okhotsk flotillas, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas kev pabcuam hauv nkoj tau ua los ntawm cov thawj coj loj ntawm kev tsav nkoj ntawm flotillas. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 13, 1827, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Naval Navigators Corps tau pom zoo - 1 tus thawj, 4 tus tub rog, 6 tus tub rog tub rog, 25 tus thawj tub rog, 25 tus thawj tub rog, 25 tus thawj tub rog, 50 tus tub rog thib ob, 50 tus tub ceev xwm, 186 tus neeg ua haujlwm. Kev qhia neeg ua haujlwm rau cov neeg tsav nkoj tau ua nyob hauv Nikolaev thiab Kronstadt cov tsev kawm navigational. Xyoo 1853, Txoj Cai Kev Nkoj Nkoj tau xaj tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj kom nyob ntawm lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub nkoj. Txawm li cas los xij, twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1857, txhua qhov kev tswj hwm ntawm cov kev pabcuam hauv nkoj tau raug xa mus rau qib ntawm cov nkoj thiab flotillas. Xyoo 1885, pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj tau raug tshem tawm, tom qab uas cov kev ua haujlwm hauv nkoj tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb ntawm lub nkoj mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv nkoj ntawm cov nkoj thiab flotillas.

Hauv xyoo 1860. Naval Cadet Corps tau dhau qhov kev hloov pauv loj loj. Nws tau hloov lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Naval thiab daim ntawv qhia tshiab tau qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, twb dhau xyoo 1891 lub npe qub ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv - Naval Cadet Corps - tau rov qab los. Yog li nws tau raug hu mus txog 1906, thaum nws tau hloov pauv los ua Nws Tus Huab Tais Siab Tshaj uas yog tus txais cuab tam rau Tsarevich Naval Corps. Los ntawm 1916 txog 1918 lub tsev tau rov hu ua Naval School. Xyoo 1861, txoj cai tshiab rau lees paub cov tub ntxhais kawm mus rau Marine Corps tau tsim, pib los ntawm Admiral-General Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich. Raws li txoj cai no, cov tub hluas hnub nyoog 14 txog 17 xyoo tau txais mus rau hauv cov tub rog - cov menyuam ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe, cov pej xeem hwm, hwm cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, cov tub ceev xwm. Hauv pawg neeg, kev rau txim rau neeg raug tshem tawm txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawb kev nco qab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog nruab nrab.

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Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. cov tub rog tau tswj hwm los ntawm tus thawj coj (nws kuj yog lub taub hau ntawm Naval Academy), tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog thiab midshipmen tau txiav txim siab ntawm 320 tus neeg, coj ua ke rau hauv 6 chav kawm - 3 cov tub ntxhais kawm (dav dav) thiab 3 cov laus (tshwj xeeb). Cov txiv neej hluas uas tau paub txog qib ntawm peb qib kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv tiag tiag tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qib kawm ib txwm muaj. Rau kev nkag mus, nws yuav tsum tau xeem qhov kev xeem nkag ntawm qhov kev sib tw. Cov menyuam ntawm tub ceev xwm tub rog tau txais txoj cai tshwj xeeb rau npe hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tom qab ua tiav cov kev kawm theoretical thiab cov tswv yim, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev tau txais qib tub rog ntawm midshipman. Xyoo 1906, kev qhia txog lub nkoj yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov nkoj ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias lub nkoj. Cov neeg kawm tiav ntawm lub cev, mus rau nkoj, tau txais lub npe ntawm lub nkoj midshipman thiab tsuas yog tom qab dhau ib xyoos ntawm kev xyaum dhau kev xeem thiab tau txais qib tub rog ntawm midshipman. Cov neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem xeem dhau qhov kev xeem thiab pom tias ua tsis tau zoo rau kev pabcuam ntawm lub nkoj tau raug lawb tawm los ntawm kev pabcuam tub rog nrog lub npe ntawm tus tub rog thib ob hauv kev ua tub rog lossis kev ua haujlwm ntawm qib 10. Ntau xyoo dhau los ntawm Naval Cadet Corps, ntau txhiab tus tub ceev xwm ntawm Lavxias Lub Nkoj tau raug cob qhia nyob ntawd, ntawm nws cov neeg kawm tiav tau xyaum ua txhua tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias lub nkoj ntawm 18th - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th. Nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm, Naval Cadet Corps kawm tiav los ntawm Admirals Fyodor Ushakov thiab Mikhail Lazarev, Alexander Kolchak thiab Pavel Nakhimov, Vice Admirals Vladimir Kornilov thiab Andrei Lazarev, Rear Admirals Vladimir Istomin thiab Alexey Lazarev, yav tom ntej Soviet Vice Admiral Alexander Nemitts thiab ntau ntau, lwm tus thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog zoo tshaj plaws thiab tus phab ej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv hiav txwv.

Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Qib Siab npe tom qab M. V. Frunze

Tom qab kev hloov pauv, kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim hauv lub neej ntawm Naval Cadet Corps, uas, thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, tsis tau cog lus tias yuav muaj dab tsi zoo rau nws. Xyoo 1918, cov tub rog tub rog tau raug kaw, thiab nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw Cov Kev Kawm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tau qhib. Cov chav kawm tau tsim los rau 300 tus tub ntxhais kawm tau txais los ntawm cov kws tsav nkoj tshwj xeeb - tsoomfwv Soviet tau npaj los npaj lawv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thawj coj thiab cov kws tshaj lij hauv 4 lub hlis. Tab sis tsis ntev nws tau pom tseeb rau Soviet kev coj noj coj ua uas rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub teb chaws cov tub rog rog, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim kev ua haujlwm puv ntoob ntawm kev qhia txog tub rog, thiab tib lub sijhawm tsim kev pabcuam kev tsav nkoj. Tom qab Lub Rau Hli 3, 1919, raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm RSFSR, lub hauv paus ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm txhua lub Hiav Txwv, Dej thiab Dej Hiav Txwv Cov Tub Rog ntawm Lub Tebchaws tau tsim, txoj haujlwm ntawm tus chij navigator tau qhia hauv nws, uas tau nyob los ntawm NF Rybakov. Tab sis twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1921 cov ntawv no tau raug tshem tawm. Raws li kev qhia ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv nkoj ntawm lub nkoj, rau lub hom phiaj no xyoo 1919, cov chav kawm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub nkoj tau hloov pauv mus rau Tsev Kawm Ntawv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm txib ntawm lub nkoj nrog lub sijhawm kawm peb thiab ib nrab xyoo. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau muab faib ua chav saib xyuas tub rog, uas tau kawm txog cov neeg tsav nkoj, cov tub rog siv rab phom loj thiab cov miners, thiab ib lub tuam tsev qhia txuj ci, qhov chaw kws kho tshuab, tshuab hluav taws xob thiab tshuab hluav taws xob tau kawm. Cov cai rau kev nkag mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv kuj tau txhim kho - tam sim no, tsis zoo li cov chav kawm, tsis yog tsuas yog cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm RKKF, tab sis tseem yog cov tub ntxhais hluas cov tub ntxhais hluas tau txais lub sijhawm los nkag rau ntawd. Lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov neeg thov tau txiav txim siab rau cov tub ntxhais hluas - 18 xyoo, rau cov tub rog caij nkoj - 26 xyoos. Cov neeg thov yuav tsum muaj kev kawm theem nrab thiab ua tiav kev xeem nkag mus. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 18, 1922, thawj qhov kev kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv tau tshwm sim. Cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua teb 'Red Fleet tau txais 82 tus thawj coj tshiab thiab cov kws tshaj lij. Tib yam xyoo 1922, tshwj xeeb kev ua tub rog tau raug rho tawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv - txij lub sijhawm ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij - kws siv tshuab thiab tshuab ua haujlwm - cov kws siv hluav taws xob tau pib kawm nyob hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Ua Haujlwm Naval (tam sim no - Cov Tub Rog (Polytechnic) Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Admiral ntawm Fleet Naval Academy Soviet Union N. G. Kuznetsova). Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1922, Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Naval tau hloov npe mus rau Tsev Kawm Ntawv Naval, qhov kev qhia tau muab rau kev qhia txog kev qhia cov tub rog caij nkoj yam tsis muaj kev faib tshwj xeeb. Cov kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem hais kom nkoj mus rau nkoj ntawm qib 2, kev paub ntxiv yuav tsum tau txhim kho thiab ntxiv dag zog ntawm Cov Hoob Kawm rau Kev Txhim Kho Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Cov Lus Qhia (tom qab ntawd - Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb Tshwj Xeeb hauv Chav Kawm) thiab ntawm Naval Academy.

Xyoo 1926, kev xav tau ntau ntxiv ntawm RKKF rau cov neeg ua haujlwm navigational tsim nyog, ntawm ib sab, mus rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm txoj kev kawm kev mus ncig, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, rau kev rov kho dua ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm tus chij navigator hauv Soviet Navy. Tus neeg tsav nkoj ntawm RKKF yog K. A. Migalovsky (tsis ntev los no txoj haujlwm tau hloov pauv mus rau tus kws tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev pabcuam navigational). Xyoo 1926, Naval Command School tau txais lub npe uas tseem nyob txog 1998 - ntau tshaj li xya caum xyoo nws tau hu ua V. M. V. Frunze (txij li xyoo 1939 - MV Frunze Higher School Naval School). Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tsim 4 chav haujlwm - navigational, hydrographic, phom loj thiab mine -torpedo. Raws li nyob rau hauv tsarist Russia, kev kawm tub rog siab dua tau dhau los ua neeg muaj koob npe nyob hauv Soviet Union. Xyoo 1940, 3,900 daim ntawv thov tau txais los ntawm cov neeg thov rau 300 tus tub rog. Xyoo 1930, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tswj hwm kev pabcuam navigational thiab saib xyuas kev qhia ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj tau muab rau Hydrogeographic Directorate. Raws li kev tswj hwm, tau tsim Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg (Permanent Navigation Commission). Xyoo 1934, tau tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Red Army Navy Directorate tau qhia.

Chij navigator Bulykin

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Xyoo 1937, Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm ntawm Navy tau tsim, uas, raws li ib feem ntawm chav qhia kev sib ntaus sib tua, txoj haujlwm ntawm tus chij navigator tau qhia. Xyoo 1938, Philip Fedorovich Bulykin (1902-1974) tau raug xaiv los ua txoj haujlwm no. Kawm tiav ntawm Naval Academy npe tom qab V. I. M. V. Frunze 1928 tso tawm, Philip Bulykin tau pib ua haujlwm ua tus neeg tsav nkoj ntawm tus neeg caij nkoj "Comintern", tom qab ntawd tau tsiv los ua tus neeg tsav nkoj mus rau lub nkoj "Politruk", qhov uas nws tau ua haujlwm kom txog thaum xyoo 1930. Xyoo 1930, Bulykin tau los ua tus neeg tsav nkoj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Paris Township ", thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau nce qib thiab tsa tus thawj coj ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam. Xyoo 1934-1935. Bulykin tau ua tus navigator ntawm pab tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv xyoo 1935-1936. - tus chij navigator ntawm pawg tub rog caij nkoj. Xyoo 1936-1937. Philip Fedorovich tau hais kom tus rhuav tshem Nezamozhnik, thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 1937 Tus Thawj Tub Rog thib 3 Bulykin tau raug xaiv tsa ua tus coj kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Nkoj Dub. Los ntawm txoj haujlwm no nws tau nce mus rau tus neeg tsav nkoj uas tseem ceeb hauv Tus Thawj Coj ntawm RKKF USSR. Cov kev pabcuam navigational ntawm lub nkoj (kev tshuaj xyuas kev mus ncig, tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov kev pabcuam navigator, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev qhia kev caij nkoj) Bulykin tau coj mus rau xyoo 1938-1947, xyoo 1943-1947. Nws tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm USSR Navy, qhov uas nws tau txais hauv xyoo 1946 lub xub pwg pluaj ntawm tus thawj tub rog tom qab, thiab tom qab ntawd raug tshem tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm thiab hloov mus rau chav haujlwm ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Qib Siab Tshwj Xeeb Chav Kawm raws li tus kws qhia ntawv laus. Txij li thaum Lub Yim Hli 1949, Bulykin tau coj Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab uas muaj npe tom qab V. I. M. V. Frunze. Xyoo 1954 nws so haujlwm vim kev noj qab haus huv.

Tsov rog thiab sijhawm tom qab tsov rog

Tom qab kev hloov pauv ntawm chav haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1939 rau hauv Kev Sib Koom Kev Qhia Ua Haujlwm ntawm RKKF, kev tshuaj xyuas kev taug kev tau tsim nyob hauv nws (txij xyoo 1942.tau raug hu ua kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev pabcuam navigational), uas tau coj los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm tus thawj navigator ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam Kev Qhia Ua Haujlwm ntawm RKKF. Qhov tseeb, txoj haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ua haujlwm tau qhia rau xyoo 1943, thiab xyoo 1945 qhov kev tshuaj xyuas kev qhia kev caij nkoj tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv chav qhia kev mus ncig ua haujlwm ntawm Kev Sib Koom Kev Qhia Ua Haujlwm ntawm USSR Navy. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias thaum xyoo 1943-1945. Raws li ib feem ntawm Navy, muaj Scuba Diving Directorate, nws cov neeg ua haujlwm suav nrog tus neeg tsav nkoj scuba laus, thiab xyoo 1954-1960. cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tshaj tawm tus thawj coj ntawm kev dhia dej. Kev nqes dej hauv qab yog suav tias yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws, yog li ntawd, cov neeg taug kev hauv dej tuaj yeem muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv hiav txwv no. Tom qab qhia txog kev tshaj tawm ntawm tus thawj coj hauv xyoo 1943, nws txoj haujlwm tseem tau txiav txim siab. Tus thawj coj ntawm Navy yog tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb hauv kev saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm. Hauv kev hwm tshwj xeeb, tus thawj coj ntawm Navy tau subordinate rau tus chij navigators ntawm fleets, flotillas thiab lub taub hau ntawm navigator lub department ntawm qib siab tshwj xeeb chav kawm ntawm Navy. Kev muaj peev xwm ntawm tus thawj coj saib xyuas suav nrog: tswj hwm qib kev qhia txog kev caij nkoj thiab kev taw qhia hauv cov nkoj thiab flotillas, tshuaj xyuas cov kev pabcuam navigator thiab kev cob qhia kev sib ntaus ntawm cov nkoj thiab kev tsim, tswj cov khoom ruaj ntseg ntawm fleets thiab flotillas nrog cov cuab yeej siv, hla kev faib cov khoom siv ntawm cov nkoj, cov nkoj thiab cov nkoj. Nws kuj tseem yog lub luag haujlwm los teeb tsa kev qhia ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm Cov Chav Kawm Tshwj Xeeb Qib Siab ntawm USSR Navy, tshuaj xyuas cov tsev kawm kev qhia txog kev tsav nkoj rau kev tswj ntawm kev qhia ua navigator. Txij thaum ntawd los txog rau tam sim no, kev muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Navy ntawm USSR (tom qab ntawd - Lavxias Lavxias) feem ntau tseem tsis hloov pauv.

Kev qhia ncaj qha ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj hauv lub sijhawm raug tshuaj xyuas, zoo li ua ntej, tau ua tiav ntawm V. I. M. V. Frunze. Thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau raug tshem tawm mus rau Astrakhan. Cov kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv lub tebchaws Soviet los ntawm kev ua phem ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab nws cov phoojywg. 52 tus neeg kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic tau txais lub npe siab ntawm Hero ntawm Soviet Union, cov tub rog ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau koom nrog hauv Kev Ua Phem Yeej ntawm Red Square. Hauv xyoo tom qab tsov rog, kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev kawm tub rog tau txuas ntxiv mus. Thaum pib xyoo 1960. Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Qib Siab npe tom qab M. V. Frunze hloov mus rau kev hais kom ua thiab kev tsim vaj tsev profile, cov kws qhia ntawv tau qhia thiab lub sijhawm kawm tau nce mus txog 5 xyoos. Los ntawm 1959 txog 1971 lub tsev kawm ntawv suav nrog cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm kev ua nom ua tswv, uas tau qhia cov tub ceev xwm nrog kev kawm tub rog-nom tswv siab dua thiab kev tsim nyog ntawm tus neeg tsav nkoj. Xyoo 1967, raws li Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Txoj Cai Kev Ncaj Ncees, cais Kiev Higher Naval Political School tau tsim. Nyob rau tib 1967, cov kws qhia foob pob hluav taws thiab cov phom loj ntawm VVMU im. M. V. Frunze tau pauv mus rau Kaliningrad, qhov chaw uas ib ceg ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv pib ua haujlwm, tom qab ntawd hloov pauv mus rau Kaliningrad Higher Naval School (tam sim no yog FF Ushakov Baltic Naval Institute).

Tsis yog nyob ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Qib Siab. M. V. Frunze, nyob rau xyoo tom qab ua tsov rog, kev qhia ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm navigator ntawm USSR Navy tau ua tiav. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1947, Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Npaj Ua Tub Rog Baku tau pauv mus rau Konigsberg kov yeej los ntawm cov neeg German, hloov npe Kaliningrad, xyoo 1948 nws tau hloov npe ua Kaliningrad Naval School, xyoo 1954 - mus rau Baltic Higher Naval School, tom qab ntawd - mus rau Baltic Higher Naval Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Diving. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov tub ceev xwm - cov neeg tsav nkoj thiab cov ntawv ntsuas dej rau lub nkoj submarine Soviet tau kawm ntawm no ntawm engineering -hydrographic thiab navigational faculties. Xyoo 1967 g.58th cov tub ceev xwm hauv chav kawm tau tsim hloov chaw ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv raws li cov phiaj xwm kev qhia rau cov thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog sib ntaus thiab cov thawj ntawm RTS cov nkoj foob pob hluav taws thiab cov nkoj me me tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv ib ceg ntawm Leningrad Higher Naval School lub npe tom qab MV Frunze uas yog ib feem ntawm kev taug kev thiab artillery faculties. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 7, 1969, Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Kaliningrad tau tsim, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd suav nrog ob lub tsev kawm ntawv - rab phom loj thiab navigational. Ntawd yog, ntxiv rau Leningrad, cov neeg tsav nkoj tau kawm hauv Tsev Kawm Kaliningrad. Xyoo 1998, Kaliningrad Higher School Naval School tau hloov npe los ntawm Baltic Naval Institute, uas xyoo 2002 tau muaj npe tom qab Admiral F. F. Ushakov.

Lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv qhia txog tub rog, qhov kev qhia ntawm navigators rau USSR Navy tau pib xyoo 1951, yog Pacific Higher Naval School (TOVVMU). Nws keeb kwm pib xyoo 1937, thaum, raws li kev txiav txim siab los tsim lub tsev kawm tub rog nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob, Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tub Rog thib Peb (Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Naval thib 3) tau tsim, nyob hauv Vladivostok. Thawj xyoo ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tsim los ntawm thawj xyoo cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Frunze Naval School, xa los ntawm Leningrad mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob kom kawm txuas ntxiv. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 5, 1939, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau hloov npe hu ua Pacific Naval School (TOVMU), thiab xyoo 1940 nws tau txais lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, tom qab ntawd lo lus "siab dua" tau ntxiv rau lub tsev kawm ntawv lub npe. Thaum lub Cuaj Hli xyoo 1951, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tshawb nrhiav thiab siv lub tshuab torpedo tau qhib ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, xyoo 1969 - cov kws qhia xov tooj cua engineering, xyoo 1978 - cov kws qhia xov tooj cua sib tham, xyoo 1985 - cov tub rog nyob rau ntug dej hiav txwv thiab cov tub rog caij nkoj. Xyoo 1998, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau hloov npe ua S. O. Makarov Pacific Naval Institute, tab sis xyoo 2014 lub npe V. I. S. O. Makarov. Tam sim no, lub tsev kawm ntawv khaws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb - navigator, mine thiab torpedo, xov tooj cua engineering, xov tooj cua sib txuas lus, tub rog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv thiab riam phom ya dav hlau, tab sis ntxiv rau, lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm nyob hauv nws. Hauv nws, cov tub ceev xwm yav tom ntej ntawm Lavxias Lub Nkoj tau kawm tiav, suav nrog cov uas yuav ua haujlwm hauv lub taub hau navigator thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab yeej siv.

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Ua ke nrog kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov tub rog kev kawm txuj ci, kev txhim kho ntawm kev pabcuam navigational ntawm USSR Navy txuas ntxiv mus. Yog li, xyoo 1952, cov kev cai lij choj ntawm cov kev pabcuam tsav tsheb tau hloov kho thiab ua tiav, txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev taw qhia thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua tau muab rau lub nkoj. Xyoo 1975, tus Thawj Coj Thawj Coj ntawm USSR Navy, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union S. G. Gorshkov (1910-1988) tau qhia txog lub nkoj ua haujlwm hauv cov nkoj, tau coj los ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm cov nkoj thiab cov neeg nyob hauv qab rau cov thawj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov nkoj. Tus thawj coj ntawm USSR Navy tau ua haujlwm qis rau cov cuab yeej suav nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv nkoj thiab teeb tsa tus neeg tsav nkoj txoj haujlwm. Kev hloov pauv tshiab ntawm Admiral Sergei Gorshkov tau tsom mus rau txhim kho tus neeg tsav nkoj cov kev pabcuam thiab tau piav qhia, ntawm lwm yam, los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus thawj tub rog nws tus kheej tau paub ua ntej txog tus navigator kev pabcuam. Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Naval. M. V. Frunze xyoo 1931, Sergei Gorshkov pib nws txoj haujlwm ua tub ceev xwm hauv kev ua haujlwm navigational - thawj zaug yog tus neeg tsav nkoj ntawm lub nkoj Frunze hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Dub, tom qab ntawd, hauv Pacific Fleet, tus neeg tsav nkoj ntawm 2Tomsk, tus neeg tsav nkoj loj ntawm pab tub rog, tom qab ntawd. raws li tus thawj coj ntawm lub nkoj saib xyuas kev puas tsuaj, tub rog tub rog.

Kev pabcuam thiab kev qhia ntawm navigators hauv tebchaws Russia niaj hnub no

Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1, 1998, raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm MV Frunze Higher Naval School thiab Lenin Komsomol Higher Naval Diving School, tau tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tshiab ntawm tub rog - lub Tsev Kawm Qib Siab St. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 25, 2001, ua kev qhuas txog 300th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev nrhiav Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Ua Lej thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb, uas tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev kawm tub rog hauv tebchaws Russia, St. Petersburg Naval Institute tau txais ob lub npe tshiab - "Peter the Great Naval Corps - St. Petersburg Military Marine Institute ". Tam sim no, lub koom haum cob qhia cov neeg lis haujlwm ntawm Lavxias Lub Nkoj ntawm cov haujlwm hauv qab no: 1) navigator (nkoj nkoj), 2) navigator (submarines), 3) hydrographic, 4) anti-submarine thiab trawling riam phom ntawm cov nkoj nto, 5) riam phom ntawm submarines, 6) tiv thaiv submarine, torpedo thiab kuv cov cuab yeej ntawm submarines. Cov kawm tiav ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16-22 xyoos thiab cov tub rog ua haujlwm yuam thiab cog lus ua haujlwm thaum muaj hnub nyoog txog 24 xyoos muaj lub sijhawm los nkag rau hauv tsev kawm thiab dhau los ua tub rog. Cov kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau txais qib tub rog ntawm "tus tub rog" thiab, ntxiv rau cov tub rog, tseem yog cov neeg tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev taw qhia, kev ntsuas dej, kev tswj lub tshuab tsis siv neeg, khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev siv lub cev kom zoo. Yog li, Marine Corps ntawm Peter the Great - St. Petersburg Naval Institute tseem yog ib lub tsev kawm tseem ceeb tub rog kev kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, cob qhia navigators rau saum npoo av thiab cov nkoj submarine ntawm Lavxias Navy.

Tam sim no, cov kev pabcuam navigator ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev teeb tsa kev tswj hwm kev sib ntaus ntawm Navy ntawm Lavxias Federation. Nws koom tes zoo nrog txhua qhov kev tswj hwm hauv nruab nrab thiab tswj lub cev ntawm Navy, feem ntau nrog Kev Pabcuam Hydrographic ntawm Navy - Tus Thawj Coj Loj ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Oceanography ntawm RF Ministry of Defense. Cov kev pabcuam navigator ua tiav cov haujlwm tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau kev saib xyuas, kev saib xyuas, thiab kev ua haujlwm raug ntawm kev pabcuam kev qhia paub. Ib qho ntxiv, cov kev pabcuam navigational npaj kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov chav sib ntaus sib tua. Ntau tus neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias rog rog pib lawv txoj haujlwm ua tub rog raws li cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm cov nkoj ntawm ntau qib. Cov neeg tsav nkoj ua haujlwm tau zoo los txhim kho kev tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias lub dav hlau, kom ntseeg tau nws cov haujlwm niaj hnub tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 25, cov lus txib ntawm Lavxias Navy ua kev zoo siab rau txhua tus neeg tsav nkoj thiab cov qub tub rog ntawm kev pabcuam kev caij nkoj ntawm lawv cov hnub so haujlwm, thiab peb tsuas tuaj yeem koom nrog cov kev zoo siab no thiab xav kom txhua qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau Lavxias ua yeeb yam, tshwj tseg thiab so cov navigators, ua tiav cov uas tab tom kawm lossis tab tom yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev qhia haujlwm koom nrog qib ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txoj haujlwm zoo thiab tsim nyog no.

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