Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1944, Soviet pab tub rog tau tshem peb cov yeeb ncuab uas nyob ib puag ncig feem ntau los ntawm Nazis thiab tawm tsam hauv cov tebchaws nyob nruab nrab thiab Sab Qab Teb Hnub Tuaj Europe. Hauv thaj chaw uas tau tso tawm los ntawm pab tub rog German, muaj coob tus pab pawg me tseem nyob, tsim los ntawm kev swb cov yeeb ncuab thiab tsim tawm, uas txuas ntxiv muab riam phom tiv thaiv. Lawv tau nkaum hauv hav zoov, tawm tsam cov tub rog Soviet thiab cov tub rog ib leeg, tau mus rau thaj chaw raug nyiag, nyiag, tua thiab ua phem rau cov neeg hauv zej zog.
Kev ua tsov rog tau txav los ze, tab sis cov yeeb ncuab txuas ntxiv ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav, cuam cov neeg soj xyuas thiab cov neeg ua phem rau hauv thaj tsam ua ntej, xa saboteurs mus rau txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau loj thiab txoj kev loj nrog ua haujlwm cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam kev ua tub rog thiab cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog Soviet.
Ntshai kev ua pauj rau kev ua phem txhaum cai, cov neeg ntxeev siab uas tau ua phem rau lub cev thiab ntau pab pawg neeg hauv tebchaws tau sim khiav mus rau Sab Hnub Poob. Qee tus ntawm lawv, raws li cov lus qhia ntawm German kev txawj ntse, txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw uas tau dim los ntawm cov neeg nyob.
Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev tiv thaiv lub nraub qaum ntawm kev nce qib tau txais qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Soviet Army rau kev dim ntawm cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe, NKVD cov tub rog rau kev tiv thaiv tom qab tau muaj kev sib haum xeeb hauv kev teeb tsa, muaj riam phom tsim nyog, thiab muaj kev paub ntau yam hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntau yam ntawm pab laib, neeg soj xyuas thiab saboteurs.. Cov lus txib ntawm cov tub rog tau ua los ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Loj ntawm NKVD Cov Tub Rog rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Pabcuam Tom Qab ntawm Pab Pawg Tub Rog los ntawm nws tus kheej cov thawj coj ua ntej, uas yog tus saib xyuas rau cov tub rog (feem ntau yog ib pab tub rog rau txhua pab tub rog ntawm thawj lub tebchaws.) thiab cais pawg mobile.
Hauv kev koom tes ze nrog cov tub rog nquag, NKVD cov tub rog rau kev tiv thaiv tom qab (WOT) nyob rau lub sijhawm raug tshuaj xyuas tau daws cov haujlwm hauv qab no: tiv thaiv kev sib tham pem hauv ntej thiab pab tub rog, ua kom muaj kev txiav txim siab ua ntej; sib ntaus tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tus neeg sawv cev, kev ua phem thiab kev soj qab xyuas thiab cov tub sab tawm mus; kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zej zog los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab laib; nqa lub chaw kuaj xyuas thiab kev cuam tshuam. Feem ntau, VOTs tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam ua phem ua ke nrog chav nyob thiab faib cais ntawm Soviet Army.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm Jassy-Kishinev, qhov xwm txheej nyob rau tom qab ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 2nd thiab thib 3 hauv tebchaws Ukraine yog qhov nyuaj dua. Cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog-txhawb nqa kev xav ntawm thaj tsam sab qaum teb ntawm Romania, dim los ntawm cov neeg German los ntawm Soviet Army, tau tso lawv txoj haujlwm tseg. Hauv kev hais daws, cov neeg ua txhaum hauv nroog tau tsim cov neeg laib uas tau koom nrog kev ua tub sab thiab kev dag ntxias, kev ua phem ntawm kev ua phem thiab pab pawg ua phem los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hnyav dua. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov koomhaum tau cuam tshuam ntau, txij li kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Soviet rog hauv Romania lub sijhawm ntawd tseem muaj zog heev. Tag nrho cov no cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ntawm peb cov tub rog, yuam kom Soviet hais kom ua qhov ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog.
Cov tub rog tiv thaiv tom qab ntawm 2 Lub Hauv Pem Hauv Ntej Ukrainian suav nrog 10th, 24th, 37th, 128th frontier regiments thiab 107th cais mobile pab pawg. Kev pov npav ntawm thib 3 Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej suav nrog 17th, 25, 91st, 134th, 336th ciam teb cov tub rog thiab 109th cais pawg tswj hwm pawg. Cov koog no tau rov ua dua nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov tub rog tsis tu ncua thiab kev ua phem thiab kev saib xyuas pab pawg. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau hnyav heev, tshwj xeeb yog nyob ze ntawm kab ua ntej. Yog li ntawd, thaum Lub Yim Hli-Kaum Hli 1944, 142 kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tub rog nrog cov yeeb ncuab yuav tsum yog ib feem ntawm NKVD cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tsuas yog cov tub rog thib 37 (txib los ntawm Lieutenant Colonel V. P. Yaroslavsky), saib xyuas tom qab ntawm 52nd Army, rhuav tshem ntau dua 1,700 thiab ntes 720 tus yeeb ncuab tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm. Ib ntu nthuav. Ib zaug pab pawg tiv thaiv ciam teb ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv kev hais kom ua ntawm Lieutenant Colonel Goncharov, muab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg uas tau pib hauv Romanian pab tub rog, hauv thaj tsam nrog. Palanca tau mus rau qhov chaw ntawm Romanian cov phom loj thiab yaum nws tus thawj coj kom swb. Tsis pub dhau ib teev, cov tub rog tau tshem riam phom tag.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 31, pawg tub rog thib ob ntawm pawg tub rog thib 10 (tau hais los ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm IIKashkadamov), raws li tus Thawj Coj ntawm Alekseev hais kom kov yeej cov tub rog German uas nyob ze lub nroog Vaslui, tshwj xeeb, cov tub rog sib koom ua ke ntawm cov yeeb ncuab., uas tau sim txhawm rau hla kab hauv ntej. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, 230 tus tub ceev xwm German raug tua thiab 112 tus raug ntes.
Pawg tub rog 24th, uas tau saib xyuas tom qab ntawm 27 tus tub rog, ua tiav qhov kev tshawb nrhiav thiab tshem tawm ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj thiab kev soj qab xyuas cov yeeb ncuab, suav nrog cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub ceev xwm tsis ua haujlwm, uas tau tawm tsam cov tsev kho mob thiab tsheb loj thauj neeg ntawm Soviet Army. Raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov tub rog tau rhuav tshem 155 thiab ntes 145 tus yeeb ncuab tub ceev xwm. Hauv tsuas yog peb lub hlis, txij Lub Yim Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Hli 1944, cov tub rog tau sib ntaus 87 kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas nws tau rhuav tshem thiab ntes yuav luag 1,100 tus tub rog German thiab tub ceev xwm. Cov tub rog caij nkoj tshem tawm 13 tus yeeb ncuab minefields, defusing ntau dua 4,200 antipersonnel thiab anti-tank mines.
Thaum lub sijhawm Bulgaria txoj kev ywj pheej, ib feem ntawm VOT ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 3 hauv ntej Ukrainian tau rhuav tshem cov seem ntawm cov tub rog uas swb lawm, nws kev ua phem thiab kev saib xyuas kev sib cais, nqa kev tiv thaiv kev hla hla Danube, pab Cov Tib Neeg Liberation Rebel Army kom tswj hwm kev txiav txim ntawm txoj kev thiab hauv kev sib hais haum. Lub 134th frontier regiment ntawm NKVD pab tub rog nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Major N. A. Egorov, tiv thaiv tom qab ntawm 46th Army. Thaum xub thawj, pawg no tau koom nrog, suav nrog kev tsim ntawm Tub Rog Soviet, hauv kev ua haujlwm kom dim lub nroog Ruschuk, thiab tom qab ntawd ua tiav tshem tawm cov pab pawg ib leeg yeeb ncuab ntawm ntug dej ntawm Danube, ntseeg tau tiv thaiv txoj hauv kev mus rau kev hla tub rog. Rau kev koom tes nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tso lub nroog Ruschuk los ntawm cov tub rog fascist, 134th frontier regiment tau npe Ruschuksky thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 27, 1944.
Kev tshem tawm ntawm Romania thiab Bulgaria los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm pab pawg German tsim qhov xwm txheej zoo rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Yugoslavia thiab Hungary. Cov tub rog 91st thiab 134th ciam teb, uas yog lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv sab nraub qaum ntawm 57th thiab 46th pab tub rog ntawm thib 3 Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej, txawv lawv tus kheej hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Yugoslav av. Yog li, pawg tub rog thib 2 (tus Thawj Coj Loj Blokhin) ntawm 91st tus tub rog ciam teb, tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm thawj qhov kev sib tw ntawm 57th Army, nkag mus sib ntaus sib tua nyob sab hnub tuaj ntawm Belgrade thaum Lub Kaum Hli 16. Hauv peb hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tu ncua, cov tub rog, tau tsoo cov tawv ncauj tsis kam tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab thiab tawm tsam ntau qhov kev tawm tsam, tswj kom nce mus ntau dua 2 kis lus mev thiab mus txog thaj tsam ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau sib txuas, lub chaw ua khoom qab zib thiab lub tsheb tsheb hla hla Dej Sava. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tshwj xeeb tau tshwm sim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm tus choj, qhov uas cov tub rog German tau txhawb nqa los ntawm rau lub tso tsheb hlau luam, 15 rab phom tua tus kheej thiab ob lub roj teeb ntawm rau-rau-phom phom, ua rau ntau tus tawm tsam. Thaum sawv ntxov ntxov ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 20, pab pawg txawb ntawm cov tub rog thiab pawg tub rog thib 6 ntawm Pab Pawg Tub Rog Liberation ntawm Yugoslavia tuaj txog hauv pawg tub rog. Nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke, lawv tau tuav txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau hla thiab tus choj hla tus dej Sava. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Belgrade, pawg tub rog thib ob ntawm 91st pawg tub rog tau rhuav tshem 450 tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm.
Chav nyob ntawm NKVD tau tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub nraub qaum thaum lub sij hawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Hungary. Lawv feem ntau yuav tsum tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam nrog kev ua phem sab nrauv German thiab kev tshawb nrhiav, nrog rau cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov tub rog tsis tu ncua. Rau peb lub hlis xyoo 1944, VOTO ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Front tau tshem tawm peb qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua loj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Hungary, tus txha caj qaum uas yog cov tswv cuab ntawm cov koom haum fascist "Nilash Kerestesh" thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm SS pab tub rog.
Qhov kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1944, pawg tub rog thib 10, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov neeg Hungarian yawg, nrhiav pom thiab swb yeej loj thiab ua phem phem rau cov yeeb ncuab, ntes 204 phom, 10 rab phom tshuab, 6 lub tshuab rab phom, 23,000 puag ncig ntawm ntau yam calibers, 80 lub foob pob tiv thaiv lub tank, 120 kg ntawm tol, 446,000 rubles.
Ob hnub nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1944, cov tub rog ntawm 128th cov tub rog tau ntes 6 tus neeg ua yeeb yam txawj ntse 20 km ntawm lub nroog Budapest, xa mus thoob plaws pem hauv ntej kab nrog lub hom phiaj rau kuv thiab tshuab cov choj, tua hluav taws rau cov roj thiab cov mos txwv. sab nrauv ntawm lub peev Hungarian. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 22, tshem tawm los ntawm 91st cov tub rog nyob ze Lake Balaton tau ntes peb tus neeg txawj ntse German los ntawm SS Zuid-Ost tus neeg tua rog. Hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub nroog Miskolc thaum Lub Ib Hlis 7, 1945, pawg tub rog thib 10 tau cuam tshuam ob pawg ntawm saboteurs-scouts.
Cov chav nyob rau kev tiv thaiv tom qab feem ntau nkag mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam nrog cov seem ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog swb los ntawm Soviet Army. Tshwj xeeb yog sib ntaus sib tua ib feem ntawm VOT lub tsheb tom qab ntawm 3 Lub Hauv Pem Hauv Ntej Ukrainian thaum lub sij hawm kev tshem tawm ntawm cov pab pawg German nyob ib puag ncig hauv nroog Budapest thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsis txaus siab ntawm German kev tawm tsam ntawm Lake Balaton. Hauv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no, 134th, 336th (txib los ntawm Lieutenant Colonel S. A. Martynov) cov tub rog ua tub rog, thiab pab pawg 109th cais kev tswj hwm, hais los ntawm Captain V. G. Gankovsky. Pawg neeg tswj hwm ntawm NKVD tau rhuav tshem ntau dua 950 tus yeeb ncuab cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm, thiab tseem ntes ntau dua 4,000 tus neeg, xiam oob qhab 29 tus yeeb ncuab tua cov ntsiab lus, lub roj teeb cug, 10 lub tsheb nrog mos txwv thiab ob daim ntawv soj ntsuam.
1st Battalion ntawm 134th Border Regiment (commander Captain Zhukov) kuj txawv nws tus kheej hauv kev sib ntaus rau Hungary peev. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 12, pawg tub rog tau tshem tawm pab pawg yeeb ncuab loj hauv Buda, uas tau sim ua kom tawg tawm ntawm ib puag ncig. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws tau raug kaw. Ntawm cov neeg raug kaw yog tus thawj coj ntawm Budapest garrison, Colonel-General P. Wildenbruch.
336th cov tub rog nyob rau pem hauv ntej kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev tshem tawm ib pab pawg yeeb ncuab hauv Budapest. Tsuas yog thawj pab tub rog thib peb hauv peb hnub ntawm kev tawm tsam (Lub Ob Hlis 11-13) tau rhuav tshem ntau dua 970 thiab ntes txog 1400 tus yeeb ncuab tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, thiab tag nrho hauv Budapest cov tub rog tau rhuav tshem 1911, ntes 4143 tus neeg.
Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Austria, 91st pawg tub rog tau ua pov thawj zoo heev. Qee qhov ntawm nws qhov chaw tshaj tawm, siv lub roob siab, nqa tawm kev sib sib zog nqus mus rau hauv yeeb ncuab lub nraub qaum. Qhov kev tawm tsam thib 9 yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Thaum 12-hnub raug tua, nws swb yeej cov tub rog German hauv nroog Mencheld, ntes lub roob siab ntawm thaj tsam Fischbach thiab tiv thaiv lawv tau zoo 5 hnub ua ntej mus rau ntawm Soviet Army Army formations, tom qab ntawd, ua ke nrog rab phom. regiment ntawm 68th Guards Division, tuav lub roob hla mus txog thaum lawv mus txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 4. Thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua rau Vecha, 336th cov tub rog hauv cheeb tsam tau tshem tawm 14 kev ua phem thiab kev saib xyuas kev sib cais thiab pab pawg thiab ntes ntau dua 700 tus neeg ua haujlwm yeeb ncuab.
Hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj heev, cov tub rog nquag tau ua haujlwm ntawm no thaum lub sij hawm kev dim ntawm Poland. Raws li yog ib feem ntawm 1st thiab 2nd Belorussian, 1st Ukrainian, muaj 13 ciam teb regiments thiab peb cais pawg maneuver. Xws li kev sib koom ua ke muaj zog ntawm cov koog los tiv thaiv sab nraub qaum yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua tub rog-kev nom kev tswv hauv tebchaws Poland, ntxiv rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Berlin txoj kev taw qhia, uas cov yeeb ncuab tau mob siab rau nws cov tub rog thiab ntau yam kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tshawb nrhiav formations. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias thaum lub xyoo nyuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm fascist, kev tawm tsam Soviet ib feem ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws Poland tsis tso tseg nws txoj cai tawm tsam peb lub tebchaws. Hauv tebchaws Askiv, tsoomfwv Polish émigré tau tsim, uas nws cov haujlwm tau tsom mus rau tsis yog tsuas yog npaj kev tawm tsam cov neeg German, tabsis tseem tiv thaiv kev xav ntawm Soviet. Qhov no tau dhau los ua qhov pom tseeb tshwj xeeb txij li xyoo 1944, thaum tus sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws, Craiova Rada Narodova, tau tsim qhov tob hauv av ntawm qhov kev pom zoo ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Hauv Tebchaws Polish, uas koom ua ke txhua yam kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm German ntawm Craiova, Rada Narodova tsim cov tub rog uas tau txais lub npe - Army of Ludov.
Kev ua haujlwm ntau ntxiv ntawm Polish tiv thaiv cov neeg phem ua rau tsis txaus siab hauv tebchaws Askiv, vim tias ib feem ntawm cov tub rog tau tawm ntawm kev tswj hwm Askiv. Tsoomfwv émigré pib tawm tsam tawm tsam cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Polish uas nrov npe. Txoj cai no ua rau qeeb kev tawm tsam ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Hauv Tsev, dhau qhov uas Askiv tau tswj hwm los tswj hwm los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov neeg ua haujlwm txib. Thaum Soviet Cov Tub Rog, ua ke nrog 1st Cov Tub Rog ntawm Cov Tub Rog Polish thiab cov tub rog uas tseem tshuav ntawm tebchaws Poland, tau ntiab tawm Nazis los ntawm thaj av Polish, ib feem ntawm Cov Tub Rog Hauv Tsev koom nrog yeem yeem nkag mus rau pab tub rog Polish, tus so tau thov kom tso nqis lawv caj npab Tab sis pab pawg loj ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tsis kam mloog, thiab pib tsim cov tub rog nyob tom qab ntawm peb cov tub rog, ua kev ua phem, cuam tshuam kev sib txuas lus, ua rau cov lag luam puas tsuaj, txuas hniav, tua cov tub rog Polish thiab cov thawj coj ntawm Soviet Army, ua phem rau cov pejxeem. Ib qho ntxiv, rau ntau dua tsib xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov yeeb ncuab tau tsim kom muaj tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas ntawm lub tebchaws Poland thiab txuas ntxiv mus pov cov neeg soj xyuas thiab ua phem.
Muab qhov xwm txheej nyuaj hauv tebchaws Poland tso kev ywj pheej, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam kev ua phem sab nrauv thiab pab pawg tshawb nrhiav thiab kev ua tub sab, kev sib koom ua ke tau tsim los tiv thaiv lub nraub qaum ntawm Soviet chav nyob hauv tebchaws Poland, suav nrog 5 tus tub rog.
Qhov xwm txheej xav tau kev saib xyuas tas li thiab muaj kev nruj nruj los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm WTO txhawm rau ua cov haujlwm nyuaj thiab ntau yam. Yog li, thaum lub sijhawm Belorussian ua haujlwm thaum Lub Xya Hli - Lub Yim Hli 1944, cov pawg ntawm VOT ntawm 2nd Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej (13, 172, 332nd cov tub rog ciam teb thiab 103rd pawg sib cais mobile) sib ntaus 43 sib ntaus. Thaum lub sijhawm Vistula-Oder ua haujlwm, VOT ntawm 1st Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej tau ua kom muaj 102 pawg ua phem thiab swb 14 pab pawg yeeb ncuab mus txog rau pawg tub rog loj.
Cov tub rog NKVD ua tiav lawv cov haujlwm kom tiv thaiv lub nraub qaum hauv Berlin kev ua haujlwm, thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav ntawm kev swb thiab swb ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Txij thaum nruab nrab Lub Plaub Hlis txog Lub Tsib Hlis 2, 1945, 118 pawg neeg ua phem raug tshem tawm, 18 tus tub ceev xwm me tau swb, thiab ntau dua 12,400 tus neeg nyiam ua phem raug rhuav tshem thiab raug ntes. Thiab 105th cov tub rog nyob rau pem hauv ntej, ua ke nrog cov chav ntawm 150th phom sib faib, cua daj cua dub Reichstag nyob rau hauv txhua yam.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm VOT ntawm cov tub rog nquag tau raug ntes nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tus naj npawb tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txawj ntse, ntawm lawv ntau tus neeg tau ntsib uas tau muaj kev paub txog kev ua tub sab. Yog li, cov tub rog tiv thaiv tom qab ntseeg tau ntseeg tau tias tau ua kom raug nyob rau hauv kab hauv ntej, hauv qhov xwm txheej tsim nyog tau pab cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam kom tshem tawm thaj tsam ntawm cov tub rog sib cais, thiab tau pab ua kom yeej cov yeeb ncuab thaum ntxov.
