Lub nroog Wroclaw, cov neeg tooj liab tooj liab thiab diorama ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Racławice (ntu 2)

Lub nroog Wroclaw, cov neeg tooj liab tooj liab thiab diorama ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Racławice (ntu 2)
Lub nroog Wroclaw, cov neeg tooj liab tooj liab thiab diorama ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Racławice (ntu 2)

Video: Lub nroog Wroclaw, cov neeg tooj liab tooj liab thiab diorama ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Racławice (ntu 2)

Video: Lub nroog Wroclaw, cov neeg tooj liab tooj liab thiab diorama ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Racławice (ntu 2)
Video: Tub Tua Ntaj Pauj Kev Chim (Ominusha 2 - Hmong Dub) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Txog cov xwm txheej tom ntej uas ua raws cov no, tus kws sau keeb kwm N. I. Kostomarov tau sau. hauv nws phau ntawv "Lub Xeem Xeem Kawg ntawm Tebchaws" nws tau hais tias: "Igelstrom tau xa General Denisov cov tub rog tawm tsam Madalinsky ntxeev siab thiab cov tub rog uas tau ua raws nws, uas tau nres ntawm Skalmerzh, thiab xa tawm mus rau cov yeeb ncuab raws li cov lus txib ntawm General Tormasov. Cia siab tias cov yeeb ncuab tseem muaj zog me ntsis, Denisov tau muab Tormasov cais me me, tsuas yog ob pab tub rog thiab ob lub tuam txhab pab tub rog, rau rau rau pab tub rog tub rog thiab tub rog Cossack. Kosciuszko tau kawm paub tias Madalinsky nyob hauv qhov txaus ntshai, tawm hauv Krakow thiab txuas nrog Madalinsky ua ntej Tormasov mus txog nws. Nrog Kosciuszkoy yog cov tub rog ntawm Manget thiab Walewski, Zaionchek nrog tib neeg cov tub rog thiab 16 rab phom. Raws li xov xwm Lavxias, nws muaj 7 pab tub rog, 26 pab tub rog thiab 11 rab phom nrog nws, thiab txog li ob txhiab tus txiv neej nrog rab phom thiab rab phom. Ntxiv nrog rau pab tub rog, tshem tawm cov neeg siab zoo los ntawm cov xeev ntawm Ravsky, Sieradz thiab Lenchitsky tuaj rau Kosciuszka thiab raug coj mus - cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis muaj av zoo, uas yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi los plam. … …

Lub nroog Wroclaw, cov neeg tooj liab tooj liab thiab diorama ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Racławice (ntu 2)
Lub nroog Wroclaw, cov neeg tooj liab tooj liab thiab diorama ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Racławice (ntu 2)

Diorama "Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Racławice". Cov tub rog Polish nqa cov neeg raug kaw hauv tebchaws Russia.

Cov tub rog siab phem tau ntsib ntawm lub zos Racławice. Lub hav tob sib cais ob pab tub rog. Tormasov tau tawm tsam. Thaum xub thawj, txhua yam mus tau zoo rau cov neeg Lavxias. Tib neeg cov tub rog caij nees tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam thiab khiav tawm. Tab sis Kosciuszko, tsom nws cov rog, ntaus rau cov neeg Lavxias; cov cosigners tau dhia mus rau tom ntej - npuaj riam phom nrog scythes; cov tub rog Lavxias tau dhau los ua qhov me dua, thiab nws nkag mus rau hauv hav, qhov uas nws tsis yooj yim tig. Tormasov tau xaj kom tsoo nrog rab phom. Tab sis Cov Tub Rog tau ua rau lawv hnyav heev uas cov neeg Lavxias tsis tuaj yeem sawv nws.

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Diorama "Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Racławice". Qhov kawg ntawm kev sib ntaus. Polish cosigners tawm tsam Lavxias roj teeb.

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Ib feem ntawm qhov panorama. "Sib ntaus rau phom".

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Fragment ntawm panorama. "Kev cia siab rau tes mus rau tes: Cov tub rog Lavxias tiv thaiv Polish kosinieri".

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Diorama "Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Racławice". Cov tub rog Lavxias tau sim thim cov phom los ntawm txoj haujlwm. Los ntawm txoj kev, Tadeusz Kosciuszko tau sau cov lus hauv qab no txog Lavxias rab phom loj: "Cov tub rog tub rog Lavxias feem ntau muaj coob leej. Kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog tub rog yog ua ntej los ntawm kev sib tsoo tsis tu ncua ntawm cov phom loj no. Cov neeg siv phom loj tua nrawm heev, tab sis lawv cov hluav taws tswj tsis tau zoo, thiab lawv muaj lub hom phiaj tsis zoo los ntawm cov phom. " Ib tus tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg nws - tom qab tag nrho, tus yeeb ncuab sau, tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd ntau tus neeg uas tau ua haujlwm hauv peb pab tub rog tau sau txog lub xeev tsis zoo ntawm rab phom loj ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias. Yog li nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas Cov Tub Rog tsis tuaj yeem nres cov phom ntawm Lavxias phom hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no!

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Diorama "Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Racławice". Tadeusz Kosciuszko tus kheej coj Kosiners rau hauv kev tawm tsam!

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Ib feem ntawm qhov panorama. Tadeusz Kosciuszko hauv sukman "a la muzhik" ua rau kev tawm tsam cosigners.

Thawj qhov uas yuav tau suav yog Tom Tomatis tus tub rog ntaus rog, pov nws cov phom. Tormasov xa ib lub tuam txhab ntawm Uglitsky regiment mus rau hauv kev tua, tab sis lub tuam txhab no tau ua raws li tus piv txwv ntawm nws cov phooj ywg thiab, tso tseg nws cov phom, khiav tawm. Cov tub rog thib peb tuav ntau tshaj li lwm tus, tab sis qhov ntawd, dhau los, thaum kawg sib xyaw thiab khiav mus rau tom hav zoov. Colonel Muromtsev nrog plaub pab tub rog khiav mus rau tus yeeb ncuab tub rog, tab sis raug tua. Cov phom loj Lavxias tau mus rau cov yeej. Cov neeg Lavxias suav tus lej raug tua: ob tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev, kaum tus thawj coj thiab ntiag tug 425. Ntawm cov neeg raug tua, dua li Muromtsev, muaj lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm, Lieutenant Colonel Pustovalov, uas yav tas los muaj qhov txawv ntawm nws lub siab tawv. Kosciuszko tau ua ob npuaj rau tus tub ceev xwm rau qhov kev ua siab loj tau pom hauv kev ntes cov phom loj ntawm Lavxias.

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Tab sis qhov no yog "me me panorama". Hauv nruab nrab yog kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua, thiab nyob ib puag ncig muaj cov duab hauv cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Lub sijhawm ntawd Denisov maj nroos mus rau Tormasov los pab, tabsis nws lig dhau lawm. Kosciuszko, tau kov yeej cov neeg Lavxias, thim rov qab thiab sawv hauv qhov chaw muaj zog nyob ze Promnik, tsis deb ntawm Krakow. (Kostomarov NI Cov xyoo dhau los ntawm Kev Koom Tes. Cov ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los. - 2nd ed. - SPb., 1870. - SS. 708-709.) Qhov no yog kev piav qhia ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Racławice - yog thawj qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum lub sij hawm sawv tawm tsam Tadeusz Kosciuszko tiv thaiv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Nws tau tshwm sim rau lub Plaub Hlis 4, 1794 nyob ze lub zos Racławice hauv thaj av ntawm Lesser Poland Voivodeship.

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Polish infantry hauv 1794.

Txog kev coj ua ntawm kev ua phem, Kosciuszko ntawm qhov no tau tswj kom sau cov tub rog hauv qab no:

Lub Hwj Chim Muaj Zog Lub npe thiab tus thawj coj Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog

2 battalions. Chapsky Infantry Regiment: 400 bayonets

2 battalions. Infantry Regiment Wodzitsky: 400 tus tub rog

2 battalions. Infantry Regiment Ozarovsky: 400 bayonets

1st pawg tub rog. Raczynski Infantry Regiment: 200 tus tub rog

10 cov tub rog caij nees. Raws li cov lus txib ntawm Madaliński: 400 sabers

10 cov tub rog caij nees. Hlau nplaum cov lus txib: 400 sabers

4 cov tub rog caij nees. Hauv qab cov lus txib ntawm Bernatsky: 160 sabers

2 pab tub rog. Duke ntawm Württemberg: 80 sabers

Tag nrho: 2,440 tus neeg.

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Polish cavalry hauv cov khaub ncaws los ntawm 1794.

Ib qho ntxiv, Tebchaws Poland Voivodeship muaj peev xwm muab cov neeg ntxeev siab nrog 11 rab phom thiab lwm 2,000 tus neeg ua liaj ua teb nrog riam phom hloov pauv mus rau rab hmuv (hu ua "cosigners"), uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no.

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Cosigner nrov plig plawg hauv lawv cov zhupans ib txwm muaj.

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Thiab qhov no tseem yog lawv. Qee qhov pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev luag heev, tsis yog nws?!

Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis muaj lus piav qhia meej txog kev sib ntaus no. Cov lus piav qhia los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv sib txawv qee zaum sib txawv heev. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho, peb tuaj yeem rov kho nws chav kawm nyob rau hauv kwv yees li hauv qab no. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias General Tormasov, tau ntsib tus yeeb ncuab thiab muaj nws lub zog tseem ceeb uas zoo tshaj rau cov yeeb ncuab lub zog, tawm tsam pab tub rog Polish, tig mus rau lawv nrog rau pem hauv ntej. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau nce qib nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua nyob ze, tsim ua kab, xub pwg mus rau xub pwg, hauv ob peb kab. Ntawd yog, txhua yam tau ua tiav hauv qhov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tawm tswv yim ntawm Prussian tub rog lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Frederick II. Qhov kev tsim no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws nquag thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, thaum thawj qib tau ncaws pob tawm ntawm lub hauv caug, thiab qhov thib ob hla lub taub hau ntawm thawj tus. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov txheej txheem peb-iav yog nws qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab kev vam khom ntawm thaj av.

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Zoo, cov no yog cov tub rog Lavxias hauv lub npe nrov "Potemkin khaub ncaws."

Lub caij no, Tadeusz Kosciuszko, uas tawm tsam hauv 1775-1783 Tsov Rog Kev Ywj Pheej, muaj kev tawm tsam ntau dua. Nws cov tub rog, zoo li cov neeg Amelikas thaum sib cav nrog cov neeg Askiv, tau tua cov yeeb ncuab, thov rau thaj av, siv lub ntuj npog. Thaum muaj kev sib tua hluav taws, sib cais cov txiv neej-kosigners, uas Kosciuszko tau hais kom tus kheej, muaj peev xwm ntsiag to hla txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tshem tawm Lavxias thiab xaus rau nws lub nraub qaum. Tormasov tsis pom qhov no, thiab thaum Kosinier tawm tsam nws twb lig dhau lawm. Kev tawm tsam ntawm Kosiners tau nrawm heev uas lawv tau tswj kom ntes tau tag nrho cov phom ntawm Lavxias thiab yog li yuam cov tub rog Lavxias kom khiav tawm ntawm tshav rog. Tab sis, txawm hais tias qhov no yog kev yeej, Kosciuszko cov tub rog tseem tsawg dhau piv rau cov tub rog ntawm Lavxias rau nws kom txiav txim siab ua raws Tormasov qhov kev tshem tawm, yog li tom qab swb kev txom nyem, cov tub rog Lavxias tau txuas ntxiv lawv cov kev ua hauv Lesser Poland Voivodeship.

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Monument rau Bartosz Glovatsky, uas tau tswj kom rivet ib qho ntawm cov phom Russia.

Ntawd yog, kev yeej ntawm Racławice tsuas yog kev tawm dag zog zoo, txawm hais tias nws tau pab txhawb kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam. Tom qab nws, feem ntau ntawm cov tebchaws Polish, nrog rau Lithuania thiab Courland, koom nrog lawv, tom qab ntawd kev tawm tsam pib hauv Warsaw nws tus kheej. Nws yuam cov tub rog Lavxias tawm hauv lub nroog thaum lub Plaub Hlis 17. Zoo, tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua, Kosciuszko tau sau tseg cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb uas txawv lawv tus kheej hauv nws, uas tau txais lub npe ntawm pob kws rau lawv lub siab. Ntxiv mus, hauv kev hwm ntawm kev yeej hauv Warsaw ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau taug kev hauv lawv lub tebchaws hnav khaub ncaws ntawm Malopolska cov neeg ua teb, uas yog, hauv sukmans, uas yog poj niam pw hauv tsev ntev caftans. Ib tus ntawm cov tub rog uas tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua - Bartosz Glovatsky, riveted rab phom Lavxias, tom qab ntawd dhau los ua lub tebchaws hero ntawm Poland.

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Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua niaj hnub no, muaj cov monuments nyob txhua qhov chaw … Zoo, cov neeg ntawm lub xeev me me xav tau "kev yeej zoo" tshaj tus nyob ze muaj zog. Tsis txhob tam sim no, yog li tsawg kawg hauv yav dhau los.

Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog qhov txaus siab tias "kev sib koom ua ke" lub kaus mom hnav los ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hnub ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam Polish, thiab ob txoj kev sib tw braid thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, dhau los ua lub cim ntawm Polish 303rd Fighter Squadron.

Txawm li cas los xij, Kuv twb tau kawm txog cov pab pawg tom qab, thiab nws yog thaum ntawd kuv twb raug nias ntau heev rau lub sijhawm. Txawm hais tias nyob ze rau lub tsev ntawm diorama muaj peb lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau ib zaug: Lub Tebchaws, Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, ntxiv rau lub monument rau cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm UPA, uas kuv kuj tseem nyiam saib heev. Tab sis lub sijhawm twb dhau lawm. Yog li kuv saib daim duab qhia chaw thiab mus, thiab kuv mus nrawm heev. Qhov muag pom tau hais tias muaj pes tsawg lub chaw hais lus hauv Wroclaw, txhua yam ntawm "tsev noj qab haus huv" thiab tsev noj mov, muaj tsawg tus neeg tuaj ncig txawv tebchaws tsawg heev ntawm txoj kev (tsis yog txhua yam, piv txwv li, dab tsi tuaj yeem pom hauv Prague), qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm txoj kev thiab txhua qhov chaw tshiab tiled ru tsev …

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Tsis muaj sijhawm los thaij duab nrawm li no. Tab sis lub pob zeb miv no yooj yim heev uas tsis tuaj yeem ntes tau. Kuv vam tias cov kiv cua ntawm miv thiab miv, ntawm qhov uas muaj ob peb hauv VO, yuav nyiam nws. Nws sawv hauv qee txoj kev thiab zoo li txawm tias yuav muag …

Txog rau qhov chaw sib ntsib - tsheb tavxij nyob ze ntawm Opera House, Kuv tau mus txog ib pliag li ib feeb. Kuv yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem yees duab ntau yam, tab sis "kuv cov poj niam" tswj tau thaij duab ntau.

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Piv txwv li, ntawm no yog daim duab ntawm txoj kev no. Lub tsev nyob ntawm nws tsuas yog zoo li cov khoom ua si lossis los ntawm cov dab neeg hais txog tus ntxhais huab tais thiab cov nplaim taws.

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Zoo, lub moos ntauwd no yog ntawm lub nroog qub. Lawv tau tshwm sim rau nws hauv 1550.

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Kuj tseem muaj lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau pem hauv ntej uas cov duab no sawv, uas lawv tshwj xeeb tau yees duab rau kuv. Tab sis yam tsev khaws puav pheej nws yog dab tsi thiab cov duab no yog leej twg, Kuv tsis tau muaj sijhawm los nrhiav.

Peb yuav tau mus ntsib Wroclaw dua …

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