Los ntawm qhov kawg mus rau qhov kawg ntawm Jagei hav, pab pawg ntawm cov hmoov av dab tau ya mus, Tus koov ya zoo li tus mos lwj, tab sis tus hma maj nroos zoo li chamois.
Tus dub ib ntsis lub qhov ncauj nrog nws cov hniav, tus dub ua pa nyuaj dua, Tab sis tus mare ua si nrog lub teeb ci, zoo li kev zoo nkauj nrog nws hnab looj tes.
(Rudyard Kipling "Ballad ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Hnub Poob")
Lwm cov neeg ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, piv txwv li, Kyrgyz, tsis muaj lub taub hau ntse dua. Cov neeg Suav tau sau tseg hauv lawv phau ntawv sau tseg tias riam phom hlau ntawm Kyrgyz yog qhov ntse heev uas lawv tuaj yeem hla cov tawv nqaij ntawm tus ntxhw! Tab sis kev tiv thaiv riam phom ntawm Kyrgyz yog qhov qub heev. Lawv tsis siv cov saw xa ntawv, tab sis muaj cov ntsiab lus nrog lamellar shells, uas lawv tau ntxiv nrog cov ntsiab lus tiv thaiv ua los ntawm … ntoo - lub xub pwg nyom, bracers, thiab greaves, uas lawv tau khaws tseg txawm nyob rau xyoo pua 9th -10th.
Cov tub rog ntawm Kyrgyz thiab Kaymaks - cov neeg Turkic ib puag ncig Kaymak (Kimak) ntawm xyoo pua 8 - 19th. Txhuv. Angus McBride.
Txawm li cas los xij, ntuav riam phom ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm Asia tau ua haujlwm zoo tsis yog vim lawv qhov ntse. Cov neeg Suav paub pab pawg Ilou, uas nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Primorye niaj hnub no, sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Great Wall ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Cov tub rog Ilou muaj hneev muaj zog heev, tab sis lawv siv cov xub xub ua los ntawm "pob zeb dub" tawg, tawg nrog tshuaj lom, los ntawm "tus raug mob tuag tam sim ntawd." Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov lus qhia hlau yooj yim tsis xav tau rau txoj hauv kev ua tsov rog no. Nws txaus los tua kom raug thiab ua phem rau tus yeeb ncuab.
Sib ntaus xub. "Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Xwm thiab Txiv neej" hauv Khanty-Mansiysk.
Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas cov riam phom tuag taus, xws li hneev nti thiab xub xub, tau deified los ntawm cov nomads thiab yog ib qho kev lav phib xaub ntawm ntau tus deities uas lawv tau pe hawm. Muaj cov paub deity piav qhia ob qho tib si nrog ib tus xub thiab nrog rab yaj phom uas muaj cov xub, uas ua piv txwv txog xob laim lossis cuam tshuam nrog nag los ua rau lub ntiaj teb. Cov xub, cuam tshuam nrog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev muaj menyuam, tseem yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm Mongolian kab tshoob kev ua koob tsheej.
Kev yos hav zoov xub xub los ntawm Western Siberia. "Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Xwm thiab Txiv neej" hauv Khanty-Mansiysk.
Cov hnub caiv qub ntawm cov neeg ntawm Caucasus "Kabakhi", uas nyob rau hauv cov hnub qub feem ntau muaj nyob rau ntawm kab tshoob lossis ua kev nco, tau muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog hnub no. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw, tus ncej uas muaj qhov siab ntawm 10 lossis ntau dua metres tau raug khawb, nyob rau sab saum toj uas ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig lossis lwm lub hom phiaj tau ua kom muaj zog. Tus neeg caij tsheb, ua haujlwm nrog hneev thiab xub xub, ntaus lub hom phiaj no kom puv thiab tau txais cov khoom plig poob. Cov neeg nyiam sib luag yog Jamba thaum-Tsib Hlis kev sib tw hauv Central Asia, thiab nws cov tib neeg muaj lub koob npe nrov rau cov xib hwb txawj ntse los ntawm lub sijhawm qub. Txawm tias "txiv ntawm keeb kwm" Herodotus tshaj tawm tias, pib txij hnub nyoog tsib xyoos, cov menyuam raug qhia tsuas yog peb yam lus: caij nees, tua hneev taw thiab paub qhov tseeb.
Xub ntawm cov neeg ntawm Western Siberia. "Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Xwm thiab Txiv neej" hauv Khanty-Mansiysk.
Cov nyuj coob (piv txwv li, ntawm lub qhov ntxa ntawm ib qho ntawm Kyrgyz nws tau sau tseg tias tus neeg tuag "tau sib cais los ntawm nws 6,000 tus nees") tau muab cov riam phom zoo li lasso lasso hauv lawv txhais tes. Lawv muaj nws tsis muaj qhov phem dua li Asmeskas nyuj nyoos, uas txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem pov nws ntawm ib tus neeg caij tsheb uas tsis paub nrog cov cuab yeej yooj yim no. Kisten - kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog qhov hnyav ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txoj hlua ntev uas txuas nrog tus ntoo tuav, kuj tseem muaj ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev. Muaj rau txhua tus (feem ntau siv cov hlau hnyav lawv txawm siv cov pob txha loj chiseled), cov riam phom no tau yooj yim ob qho tib si rau kev sib ntaus sib tua caij nees, thiab tawm tsam hma, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau cov xibhwb hauv pawg ntseeg.
Tus thawj coj lees txais cov khoom fij. "Jami at-tavarih" ("Sau cov keeb kwm") Rashid ad-din Fazlullah Hamadani. Thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm xyoo pua 14th. Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv, Berlin.
Lwm yam tseem ceeb heev ntawm riam phom ntawm cov nomads yog cov qes me me, dua ntawm ob lub hom phiaj. Hnyav plaub ntug, zoo li cov nyob sab Europe, tsis yooj yim rau cov neeg caij tsheb, tab sis cov kab me me tuaj yeem siv nrog kev ua tiav sib luag hauv kev ua tsov rog thiab hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Ntau yam riam phom tshwj xeeb tau xuas cov cuab yeej txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, paub nyob hauv Asia txij li ib nrab ntawm ib nrab xyoo thib ib txhiab BC. Sib npaug qub ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Volga mus rau Great Wall ntawm Tuam Tshoj yog cov ntaj ncaj, uas muaj qhov ntev li ib metre lossis ntau dua. Sabers yog qhov tsawg heev ntawm cov khauj khaum nomadic uas tau tshawb pom, uas qhia tias lawv muaj nuj nqis - qhov no yog, ua ntej, thiab qhov thib ob, uas tau ntev lawm muaj tsawg heev ntawm lawv, tsawg kawg los ntawm 8th txog rau xyoo pua 11th. Mace kuj tau paub rau cov neeg nomadic. Feem ntau nws yog pob tooj liab, muaj cov hmoov txhuas nyob rau sab hauv rau qhov hnyav dua thiab muaj cov pyramidal protrusions nyob sab nraud, nrog lub qhov nyob nruab nrab. Nws tau hnav ntawm tus ntoo ntoo, uas, txiav txim los ntawm cov duab ntawm cov khoom me me, tau ntev heev. Hauv cov xwm txheej ntawd, hloov ntawm pob, qhov taub ntawm mace muaj rau rau daim phiaj (lossis "plaub"), sib txawv ntawm ob sab, nws tau hu ua rau -tus tuav, tab sis yog tias muaj ntau daim hlau zoo li no - thawj zaug. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus tub rog yooj yim, piv txwv li, ntawm cov Mongols, muaj cov pab pawg zoo tshaj plaws ua los ntawm ntoo nrog tuab hauv qab.
Cov pob txha ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm Sargat kab lis kev cai los ntawm Yazevo-3 qhov chaw faus neeg. Txhuv. A. Sheps.
Ntxiv rau ntoo, pob txha thiab raj, tawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm pab pawg neeg nomadic. Khaub ncaws thiab khau, tais diav thiab khoom siv nees tau ua los ntawm tawv. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv feem ntau kuj tuaj ntawm tawv. Tawv raws li txheej txheej tau siv txawm tias thaum cov ris tsho nws tus kheej tau ua los ntawm cov hlau.
Twb tau nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, tus kws sim lus Askiv Askiv John Coles tau sim daim tawv tawv, uas tuaj yeem ua tau zoo hauv cov neeg nyob hauv. Lub dart hle nws nrog qhov nyuaj, thiab tom qab kaum tsib qhov nyuaj nrog rab ntaj, tsuas yog txiav me me tshwm rau ntawm nws sab nrauv.
Turkish lossis Mamluk ntaub thaiv npog ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, txoj kab uas hla 46.7 cm. Nyhav 1546 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19, Cov Neeg Qhab Asmeskas uas tau taug kev hauv Great Plains kuj tau ua daim tawv tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov tawv nqaij nyoos ntawm ib tug npua teb tau nteg hla lub qhov taub nrog cov pob zeb kub thiab dej tau nchuav rau lawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, daim tawv nqaij ntsws thiab tuab, thiab ua rau muaj zog dua. Tom qab ntawd cov ntaub plaub tau raug tshem tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab ib puag ncig dawb tau txiav tawm rau daim ntaub thaiv yav tom ntej. Feem ntau nws yog lub voj voog tsis pub tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ntawm ib lub 'meter', uas txhua qhov ntxhib thiab qhov tsis xws luag tau du nrog kev pab ntawm pob zeb. Tom qab ntawd nws tau npog nrog cov tawv nqaij me dua, thiab qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub log tsheb thiab daim ntaub thaiv tau ntim nrog cov ntaub npua los yog antelope cov plaub hau, cov noog thiab cov dav dawb hau, uas tau ntxiv nws qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo ntxiv. Xws li daim ntaub tuab thiab hnyav yog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv xub. Ib tus tub rog muaj txuj ci, tuav nws ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws tus kheej txawm tias los ntawm cov mos txwv nplua nuj los ntawm nws qhov chaw, txawm hais tias, tau kawg, qhov no tsuas yog txhawj xeeb cov mos txwv raug rho tawm los ntawm cov phom yooj yim.
Tawv ntaub thaiv npog nrog cov hlau sib tshooj thiab lub hauv pliaj. Koom nrog Mongol sultan Akbar. Nyob ze Aurangeseb's saber. Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Bangalore, Is Nrias teb.
Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias cov neeg nyob nruab nrab Hnub Nyoog tau ua daim tawv tiv thaiv tsis zoo dua li cov neeg Khab thiab, muaj nyuj coob, tuaj yeem them taus ib qho kev sim hauv cheeb tsam no. Weaving ib lub teeb tiv thaiv los ntawm twigs willow (willow thickets kuj tseem pom nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm steppe dej) thiab npog nws nrog tawv tsis yog tshwj xeeb nyuaj rau lawv. Kev tiv thaiv rau tus tub rog tau dhau los ua qhov ntseeg tau zoo thiab tib lub sijhawm tsis hnyav heev. Ntxiv nrog rau tawv tawv, phaj phom los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tub rog tub rog. Twb yog cov neeg puag thaum ub uas nyob hauv Central Asia thiab Siberia muaj peev xwm ua tau cov plhaub los ntawm cov pob txha lossis cov phaj tuab, sib txuas los ntawm cov hlua tawv. Cov phaj feem ntau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj. Lub kaus mom hlau tsis zoo tau tsim los ntawm daim hlau loj dua ntawm daim duab peb sab elongated. Nyob rau ntau pua xyoo BC, cov kaus mom hlau tau tshwm sim ntawm no.
Hlau daim hlau los ntawm Western Siberia. Txhuv. A. Sheps.
Qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov cuab yeej phom phaj feem ntau yog vim nws yog nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj uas lawv nyuam qhuav tshwm sim, thiab tau siv dav nyob hauv Sumer, Egypt, Babylonians thiab Assyria. Lawv tau paub nyob hauv Suav teb thiab Persia, qhov twg cov neeg nomadic ua lawv cov kev tawm tsam los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb. Cov Scythians, piv txwv li, hauv lawv cov phiaj xwm tau mus txog Tim lyiv teb chaws thiab, yog li ntawd, tuaj yeem ua tau zoo (thiab saws!) Txhua yam uas yooj yim rau kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Selkup arrowheads. Txhuv. A. Sheps.
Yog lawm, cov xwm txheej uas cov tib neeg no yuav tsum tau mus ncig tau txawv ntawm ib leeg. Nws yog ib yam - thaj tsam ntawm Mongolian steppes, thaj av Hiav Txwv Dub lossis Urals ntawm ciam teb ntawm taiga hnyav, thiab lwm qhov ntxiv - hnub poob hauv tebchaws Arabia nrog nws cov xuab zeb thiab xibtes ntoo hauv qhov av qis. Txawm li cas los xij, kev coj noj coj ua tseem yog kev coj noj coj ua, thiab kev kos duab tau dhau los ntawm ib tiam mus rau ib tiam, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi. Thiab yog li nws tau tshwm sim uas cov tub rog thev naus laus zis ntawm Ancient Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab nws txoj kev vam meej tsis tuag hlo li, tab sis maj mam nthuav tawm ntawm cov neeg tshiab uas tsis tau hnov txog ib leeg, tab sis lub neej nomad nws tus kheej tau cuam tshuam nrog. Vim li no txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, uas peb tau tham dhau los, thiab riam phom zoo sib xws, txuas tsis tau txuas nrog lawv qhov chaw nyob.
Txhuv. V. Korolkova
