Laser rab yaj phom tsab
Thaum Tsov Rog Txias Txias, kev nruj nruj ntawm nom tswv tau zoo thiab qee lub sij hawm mus txog qhov txwv tsis pub muaj neeg laus. Thiab lub tswv yim ntawm "Soviet cosmonaut" piv rau "American cosmonaut" zoo li muaj tiag. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau muab caj npab rau peb cov neeg nyob sib ze tsis yog thaum tsaws hauv cov ces kaum nyob deb ntawm peb ntiaj chaw (rau qhov peb cov neeg tsav dav hlau tau muaj - SONAZ (caj npab me me ntawm cov khoom siv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev) TP -82, thiab Asmeskas cov neeg tsav dav hlau muaj riam " Astro 17 ") tab sis kuj yog thaum muaj kev sib cav tam sim ntawd.
Cia saib seb riam phom zoo li cas rau Soviet cosmonaut yuav tau tuav raws li txoj kev npaj ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd …
Thawj qhov riam phom uas nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw yog rab yaj phom Makarov, uas yog ib feem ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas lub dav hlau thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev txij li Yuri Gagarin tau ya dav hlau. Txij li xyoo 1982, nws tau hloov pauv tshwj xeeb uas tsim los kom muaj txoj sia nyob thiab tiv thaiv tus kheej thaum muaj xwm txheej tsaws tsaws thaum muaj xwm ceev SONAZ-"caj npab me me ntawm cov khoom hnav thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev", tseem paub nyob hauv TP-82 npav, rab phom peb-rab phom ib astronaut.
Cov neeg Asmeskas, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau siv txoj hauv kev yooj yim dua rau qhov teeb meem thiab txiav txim siab muab riam phom rau lawv cov neeg taug kev mus saum ntuj, hu ua "Astro 17" thiab ua raws li cov lus dab neeg ntawm Bowie riam.
Thawj zaug sim tsim riam phom, qhov ua rau puas tsuaj uas yog lub teeb ci laser, tau ua tiav rov qab rau xyoo 1970, ob qho tib si hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab hauv USSR. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm no nyuaj rau siv, suav nrog kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis kev nce qib ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho hauv USSR, nws tau txiav txim siab thawj zaug tias qhov riam phom no yuav tsis tuag. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv tus kheej thiab ua rau cov yeeb ncuab lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab kho qhov muag tsis zoo.
Xyoo 1984, nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm Almaz program, txhawm rau tiv thaiv eponymous Soviet OPS (chaw nres tsheb nyob puag ncig) thiab DOS (cov chaw nyob ntev mus), Salyut los ntawm cov kws saib xyuas lub hnub qub thiab cov cuam tshuam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tub Rog ntawm Lub Tswv Yim Missile Forces (Cov Phiaj Xwm Cuam Tshuam Missile) tau tsim los raws li -Rau qhov zoo heev riam phom - rab phom fiber ntau laser.
Cov pab pawg tshawb fawb tau los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev, Tus Neeg Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm RSFSR, Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb, Xibfwb, Tus Thawj Coj Loj Viktor Samsonovich Sulakvelidze. Tus kws kho mob ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb, xibfwb Boris Nikolaevich Duvanov tau koom nrog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm rab phom laser. Tus kws tshawb fawb A. V. Simonov, kws tshawb fawb L. I. Avakyants thiab koom nrog V. V. Gorev.
Cov neeg tsim qauv teeb tsa lawv tus kheej lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov riam phom me me rau kev xiam oob qhab cov yeeb ncuab tshuab.
Laser riam phom prototypes. Los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis: Ib rab phom Laser Pistol, Laser Revolver, Laser Pistol.
Hauv thawj theem ntawm kev txhim kho, cov kws sau ntawv ntawm kev tsim khoom yav tom ntej pom tias rau lub hom phiaj no lub zog hluav taws xob qis kuj txaus - tsis pub dhau 1 - 10 J.
Pyrotechnic flash teeb, uas muaj lub zog txaus thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm yog qhov nqaim heev, tau siv los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev kho qhov muag.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau yooj yim thiab ntseeg tau: lub teeb nyem hluav taws xob rov ua dua tus qauv tsim ntawm 10 hli caliber daim kab xev, uas tau muab tso los ntawm qhov kaw los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm hauv chav, uas yog chav teeb pom kev zoo. Los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob piezo pulse hauv daim cartridge, sib xyaw ntawm cov ntawv zirconium thiab cov ntsev hlau tau hlawv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nyem nrog qhov kub ntawm yuav luag 5000 ° C tshwm sim, lub zog no tau nqus los ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm rab yaj phom tom qab chav teeb pom kev zoo thiab hloov pauv mus rau lub plawv. Riam phom 8 -lub charger tsis siv neeg - rov ua dua yog ua tiav ntawm tus kheej. Lub zog tawm ntawm lub nqaj tso tawm yog mus txog 20 meters.
Lub tshuab rab phom laser kuj tau tsim, uas, tsis zoo li rab yaj phom, muaj lub peev xwm tua tus kheej-cocking, tab sis tau ntim 6 zaug.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm rab yaj phom laser, zoo li txhua lub laser, yog lub zog nruab nrab, lub twj tso kua mis thiab qhov kho qhov muag resonator.
Raws li qhov nruab nrab, cov neeg tsim qauv xaiv thawj yttrium-aluminium garnet siv lead ua, uas tsim cov nqaj hauv cov duab hluav taws xob ntau ntawm lub zog twj tso kua mis tsawg. Cov iav tso rau ntawm nws qhov kawg tau ua haujlwm ua tus resonator. Lub teeb roj me me-tso tawm lub teeb nyem tau siv rau kev kho qhov muag. Txij li txawm tias lub zog loj tshaj plaws hnyav 3 - 5 kg, nws yuav tsum tau muab cais los ntawm rab yaj phom.
Ib rab phom tua phom ib rab phom loj ua rau hauv lub cev ntawm rab phom me dua.
Nyob rau theem thib ob, nws tau txiav txim siab los hloov lub zog nruab nrab nrog cov ntsiab lus fiber -optic - hauv lawv, zoo li hauv garnet siv lead ua, hluav taws xob tau pib los ntawm neodymium ions. Vim qhov tseeb tias txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov "filament" yog li 30 μm, thiab cov nplaim ntawm cov khoom sib sau ua ke los ntawm nws cov ntu (los ntawm 300 txog 1000 daim) loj heev, qhov qis qis qis (lub zog tso qis tshaj) poob qis, thiab resonators ua tsis tseem ceeb.
Qhov teeb meem tseem nyob nrog qhov me me qhov muag qhov muag pom qhov muag. Hauv nws lub peev xwm, nws tau txiav txim siab siv cov teeb hluav taws xob pov tseg pov tseg.
Txhua lub kaum-millimeter lub tog raj kheej muaj cov tshuaj pyrotechnic sib xyaw-zirconium ntawv ci, cov pa oxygen thiab hlau ntsev, thiab cov xov tungsten-rhenium npog nrog cov tshuaj tua hluav taws kom hlawv nws.
Ignited los ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm lwm qhov chaw, xws li lub teeb kub hnyiab tawm hauv 5-10 milliseconds ntawm qhov kub li ntawm 5000 degrees Kelvin. Ua tsaug rau kev siv cov zirconium ntawv ci, lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm lub teeb pyrotechnic yog peb zaug siab dua li ntawm cov qauv piv txwv siv magnesium. Cov hlau ntsev ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw "kho" lub teeb hluav taws xob rau qhov nqus tau ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov tshuaj pyrotechnic sib tov yog tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis ua rau tawg tuaj.
Yim lub teeb nyem nyob hauv lub khw, zoo ib yam li rab phom ntawm rab phom. Tom qab txhua "tua" lub teeb siv tau raug pov tawm zoo li lub thawv ntawv, thiab cov mos txwv tom ntej yog pub rau hauv chav teeb pom kev zoo. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog rau hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog lub roj teeb ntawm hom "Krona" tsau hauv phau ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb hauv qab lub thoob.
Cov khoom siv fiber ntau-optic nqus cov hluav taws xob los ntawm lub teeb ci, uas ua rau lub laser mem tes hauv nws, qhia los ntawm rab phom rab phom mus rau lub hom phiaj.
Cov nqaj tawm los ntawm cov phom ntawm cov riam phom khaws nws qhov kub hnyiab thiab qhov muag tsis pom kev nyob deb li ntawm 20 meters.
Nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm rab yaj phom laser nrog lub teeb nyem pyrotechnic, rab phom laser nrog 6-round nruas ntawv xov xwm thiab ib zaug txhaj ib zaug poj niam lub laser rab yaj phom kuj tau tsim.
Cov neeg tsim khoom tau hais qhia qhov ua tau ntawm kev hloov kho rab yaj phom los ntawm kev siv riam phom ua tub rog mus rau hauv cov cuab yeej siv kho mob (pom tseeb, qhov no yuav tsum tau hloov lub tshuab nqus dej qhov muag).
Txhua txoj haujlwm sim tau ua los ntawm txhais tes. Qhov kawg ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tuam txhab, cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov teeb tau twb tau tsim los lawm, tab sis kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam tau tso qhov kawg rau kev txhim kho txoj haujlwm. Cov kab tsim tawm tau raug txiav tawm, txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv los ntawm inertia, tab sis kom txog thaum cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov teeb tsim tawm.
Tam sim no, rab yaj phom laser nrog lub teeb nyem pyrotechnic tau lees paub tias yog lub cim ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm qeb 1 thiab tau nthuav tawm hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cov Phiaj Xwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog npe tom qab Peter Great.
Txog rab phom tom qab feeb thib ob:
