Bellver Castle - "Kuv lub tsev yog kuv lub chaw puag ncig"

Bellver Castle - "Kuv lub tsev yog kuv lub chaw puag ncig"
Bellver Castle - "Kuv lub tsev yog kuv lub chaw puag ncig"

Video: Bellver Castle - "Kuv lub tsev yog kuv lub chaw puag ncig"

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Anonim

“Cov kab lus tsuas yog chav kawm. Kuv nyob hauv Mallorca, Kuv pom Bellver Castle, uas sawv ntawm ib lub toj hauv Palma. Nws tau hais tias yog ib lub tsev fuabtais ib puag ncig. Yog ua tau, qhia peb txog nws. Kuv nyiam nws heev.

(Lub taub hau)

Teb chaws Europe, raws li peb paub, nyob hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog yog "lub tebchaws ntawm tsev fuabtais" tiag, qhov twg ntau dua 15 txhiab ntawm lawv tau tsim. Tab sis cov tsev fuabtais nyob hauv Europe tau txawv. Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws (ntawm cov uas peb paub) - lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Douai -la -Fontaine hauv Fab Kis lub nroog Angers, tau tsim nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 10 - uas yog ntev npaum li cas lawm. Tab sis cov tsev fuabtais tau yooj yim heev, thiab lawv lub hauv paus yog lub pej thuam donjon.

Bellver Castle - "Kuv lub tsev yog kuv lub chaw tiv thaiv puag ncig"
Bellver Castle - "Kuv lub tsev yog kuv lub chaw tiv thaiv puag ncig"

Qhov no yog li cas Bellver Castle tau pom los ntawm qhov deb los ntawm cov uas tuaj rau cov kob ntawm Mallorca.

Qee lub yees no loj heev, piv txwv li, qhov no yog Tower of London nto moo, txhais los ntawm lus Askiv yooj yim "pej thuam". Tab sis muaj lwm lub qhov taub, piv txwv li, pej thuam ntawm suav ntawm Flanders hauv Ghent, uas tau pib tsim xyoo 1180. Hauv qab no muaj lub qhov taub, chav ua noj thiab chav rau cov qhua, saum toj no - lub tsev teev ntuj thiab chav tsev, thiab qhov no yog qhov txaus nyiam thiab lom zem heev: nws cov duab sab saud nrog cov saib thiab cov tub rog sib tua tau ua tiav tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19 rau cov neeg xav tau kev pab. Ua ntej ntawd, pom tseeb, tsis xav tau lawv!

Duab
Duab

Txhawm rau pom lub tsev fuabtais, koj yuav tsum nce lub roob mus rau nws!

Qhov loj puag ncig donjon hauv Villeneuve-sur-Yonne tau tsim los ntawm Vaj Ntxwv Philip II Augustus ntawm Fabkis thaum xyoo pua 12th. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsev fuabtais tseem xav tau lub tshav puam, ib lub pej thuam tsis txaus! Qhov no yog li cas thiaj li hu ua "concentric castles" tau tshwm sim, ib qho yog Beaumaris Castle hauv Askiv.

Duab
Duab

Tsev fuabtais Beaumaris hauv tebchaws Askiv yog "tsev fuabtais zoo".

Tab sis cov nom tswv feudal uas muaj hwj chim thiab muaj vaj ntxwv xav tau tsev fuabtais tsis yog rau kev ua tsov ua rog xwb. Piv txwv li, Tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv Lub Tebchaws Frederick II tau siv lub tsev pheebsuab octagonal ntawm Del Monte hauv Ltalis ua hom tsev yos hav zoov, thiab rooj plaub thaum cov tsev fuabtais tau tsim nrog lub hom phiaj zoo sib xws yog nyob deb ntawm ib leeg!

Piv txwv li, lub tsev fuabtais tuaj yeem yog lub caij ntuj no lossis lub caij sov. Nov yog lub caij sov nyob rau kuv tus kheej hauv 1300 - 1311. xaj kom tsim vaj ntxwv Spanish Jaime II. Nws sawv ntawm lub roob 112 m siab ntawm qhov deb ntawm 2.5 km los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm Palma. Nws txhua yam pib nrog qhov tseeb tias nws txiv, Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Aragon Jaime Kuv tau txuas Palma rau nws cov khoom hauv 1229, thiab tom qab ntawd xyoo 1235 nws kuj tau ua lub crown ntawm cov kob ntawm Mallorca. Thaum twg, tom qab nws tuag hauv 1276, nws cov tub faib nws cov khoom, nws tus tub yau Jaime II tau txais lub npe ntawm King of Mallorca.

Duab
Duab

Tus qauv ntawm Bellver Castle, qhov uas nws qhov txawv txav txawv txav tau pom meej.

Kev tsim kho ntawm Jaime II tsev fuabtais tau tso siab rau tus kws kes duab vajtse Pere Salva, uas ua tiav kev tsim kho ntawm nws lub tsev loj uas twb muaj lawm xyoo 1311. Sab hauv tau tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab Francisco Cabalti, uas twb tau sim ua kom txaus siab rau nws cov neeg siv khoom zoo. Txog kev tsim lub tsev fuabtais, cov xuab zeb hauv zos tau siv, uas tau khawb av sab xis ntawm tus taw ntawm lub roob uas nws tau tsa. Nws ntseeg tias nws tus qauv yog lub qub chaw tiv thaiv Herodion, uas sawv ntawm ntug dej Sab Hnub Poob ntawm tus Dej Jordan, uas tseem muaj cov duab puag ncig thiab ib lub tsev loj loj thiab peb lub yees loj. Tsawg dua 30 xyoo tom qab, xyoo 1343, lub tsev fuabtais raug tawm tsam: King Pedro IV ntawm Aragon, kov yeej Mallorca, txiav txim siab pib nrog nws. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1344, Mallorca tau txuas rau Aragon, thiab lub tsev fuabtais pib muaj cov neeg txhawb nqa nws tus huab tais kawg, Jaime III, suav nrog nws poj ntsuam thiab tub. Xyoo 1391, cov neeg tawm tsam cov neeg tawg rog tau tawg tawm ntawm cov kob, thiab lub tsev fuabtais tau raug kaw ib zaug ntxiv, tab sis lub sijhawm no nws cov neeg tiv thaiv tau tswj kom rov tua tau zoo. Thiab xyoo 1394, tus vaj ntxwv ntawm Aragon, Juan I, tau dim ntawm no los ntawm tus kab mob plague, kev sib kis uas tau kis rau Europe thiab mus txog Spain. Zoo, tam sim no peb muaj tsawg kawg hauv cov ntsiab lus tau paub txog keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais txawv txawv no, cia peb taug kev ncig nws, zoo li yog peb tau mus xyuas lub nroog zoo nkauj ntawm Palma hauv Mallorca!

Duab
Duab

Nov yog lub tshav puam uas peb yuav pib peb txoj kev mus ncig. Lub tsev pheebsuab nyob sab hauv lub nroog, uas muaj txoj kab uas hla li 50 m. Ob lub tsev qiv ntawv sib dhos ua haujlwm raws nws qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Cov arches ntawm thawj pem teb yog puag ncig. Lawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm 21 kab, thaum lub Gothic arches ntawm ob tau txhawb los ntawm 42 octagonal kab. Qhov no yog cov qauv Italian ib txwm - ua ke ntawm cov qub qub thiab Gothic, uas yog ob qho zoo nkauj thiab tsim nyog.

Duab
Duab

Hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tshav puam muaj lub qhov dej uas muab lub tsev fuabtais nrog dej.

Duab
Duab

Tab sis qhov no yog tib lub tshav puam, tab sis hloov mus ua chav ua yeeb yam. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no tsuas yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua yeeb yam Shakespeare qhov xwm txheej: "Tsis muaj ib zaj dab neeg tu siab hauv ntiaj teb dua li zaj dab neeg ntawm Romeo thiab Juliet." Tsis tas yuav kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw no!

Duab
Duab

Peb mus ncig ntawm lub tshav puam nrog cov duab thiab yog tias ib tus neeg nkees, nws tuaj yeem zaum …

Duab
Duab

Hauv pem teb thib ob, lub qab nthab tseem zoo ib yam ntawm hom Gothic. Kev ntseeg tau thiab ua tau ntev ntawm cov qauv no tau raug pov thawj los ntawm lub sijhawm nws tus kheej!

Nyob rau xyoo 17th, lub tsev fuabtais tau hloov kho tshiab rau kev teeb tsa cov phom loj. Xyoo 1713, ib puag ncig puag ncig tau ua tiav rau sab qaum teb. Thiab nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, lub tsev fuabtais tau hloov mus rau hauv tsev lojcuj rau kev ua phem rau nom tswv tseem ceeb. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tus kws paub lus Spanish thiab kws sau ntawv Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos tau nyob ntawm no, uas tseem suav nws thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb. Fab Kis tus kws tshawb fawb Fab Kis François Arago, raug liam tias yog neeg dag ntxias, kuj tau nkaum ntawm no. Yog li peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yog ib nrab "Spanish tsev fuabtais ntawm Yog", txawm tias tsis muaj ntau lub npe nto npe cuam tshuam nrog lub tsev fuabtais no.

Duab
Duab

Tam sim no peb nce mus rau lub ru tsev thiab pom tias nws tau tiaj tus, tias nws muaj qhov pom zoo ntawm lub nroog thiab chaw nres nkoj, thiab tsuas yog tsis muaj qhov chaw zoo dua rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais.

Duab
Duab

Qhov dav ntawm lub ru tsev yog qhov uas koj tuaj yeem caij tsheb kauj vab dawb ntawm nws.

Duab
Duab

Peb tus yees tau txuas rau lub nroog loj heev, zoo ib yam hauv txoj kev npaj rau tsab ntawv U, thiab ib lub pej thuam donjon, uas los ntawm lub ru tsev (!) - Qhov no yog qhov zoo siab tiag tiag ntawm cov vaj tsev, muaj tus choj choj xya meters ntev. Qhov siab ntawm tus pej thuam no yog 25 m, nws muaj plaub plag tsev thiab ncaj qha mus rau sab qaum teb. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm tus pej thuam yog 12 m, thiab nws tau npog nrog lub nplhaib ntawm 38 mashicules. Qhov siab ntawm hauv av qis tshaj, qhov uas lub qhov taub nyob, yog tsib meters. Peb tus yees loj loj zoo li tus nees yog taw qhia rau lwm qhov peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, thiab 4 tus yees loj qhia, feem, sab qaum teb hnub poob, sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj.

Xyoo 1931, lub tsev fuabtais tau raug coj los ntawm lub nroog ntawm Mallorca kom hloov mus ua lub tsev cia puav pheej. Tab sis xyoo 1936 nws tau hloov dua tshiab mus rau hauv tsev loj cuj. Tam sim no rau 800 tus neeg ntxeev siab tawm tsam. Thiab lawv kuj tau tso txoj kev loj uas niaj hnub no coj mus rau lub tsev fuabtais. Xyoo 1976, nws tau qhib Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog, los ntawm thawj tus neeg nyob hauv Palma mus txog Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab. Kuj tseem muaj kev sau cov duab puab uas yog los ntawm Cardinal Despuch. Lub tshav puam sab hauv tau hloov kho kom haum rau ntau yam kev ua si. Piv txwv li, nws muaj lub suab paj nruag zoo nkauj nrog rau Balearic Symphony Orchestra.

Duab
Duab

Tam sim no cia peb tshawb xyuas me ntsis ntxiv ntawm nws, thiaj li hais lus, kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv. Saib: lub tsev fuabtais ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov pob zeb qhuav, ib yam li cov neeg nyob ruaj khov, tab sis lub tsev fuabtais tseem muaj cov phab ntsa sab nrauv uas muaj qhov khoob rau cov phom loj, thiab tom qab nws muaj lwm lub pas dej!

Duab
Duab

Muaj nws yog, lub pas dej no, hlua nrog pob zeb ntawm txhua sab!

Duab
Duab

Tus choj mus rau qhov khaws cia yog nqaim heev, thiab muaj qhov khoob rau cov phom ntev saum toj no.

Duab
Duab

Lub qhov rooj yog qhov nqaim thiab, sawv hauv qab mashiculi, nws tsis tuaj yeem tawg nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev, vim tias lawv yuav tsuas yog pov pob zeb ntawm koj los saum toj no!

Nyob rau thawj qib ntawm ob-zaj lus citadel muaj chav dej thiab chav ua haujlwm. Tsuas muaj qhov nqaim nqaim hauv phab ntsa, khiav raws tag nrho ib puag ncig. Hauv pem teb thib ob yog chav tsev muaj koob muaj npe, chav ua noj thiab lub tsev teev ntuj. Cov ntaiv txuas rau hauv pem teb yog muab kauv, uas tseem tiv thaiv cov neeg tawm tsam mus rau sab saud, tab sis cov neeg tiv thaiv, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Duab
Duab

Qhov zoo siab, tau siv los ua kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub tsev fuabtais lub ru tsev, tab sis vim qee qhov lawv tau raug tshem tawm thaum lub sijhawm rov tsim dua tshiab nyob rau xyoo 17th.

Duab
Duab

Lub hauv paus loj nkag mus rau lub tsev fuabtais ntawm lub tsev fuabtais nyob ze rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, thiab tus choj zoo li tus ntawv L coj mus rau nws, yog li leej twg nkag mus hauv lub tsev fuabtais yuav tsum tig rov qab mus rau nws lub ntsiab pej thuam. Muaj lwm qhov nkag, nyob rau sab hnub poob sab hnub poob, thiab nws tau teeb tsa ib yam nkaus.

Duab
Duab

Raws li tau sau tseg, lub tsev fuabtais tsev muaj tsev khaws khoom pov thawj dai kom zoo nkauj nrog mosaic …

Duab
Duab

… Thiab qhov twg koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab puab thiab ntau ntxiv!

Hauv kev xaus, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias vim nws qhov chaw nyob ntawm ib lub toj rau cov phom loj thaum ub ntawm 15th - 16th caug xyoo. lub tsev fuabtais no yog lub txiv ntoo tawv kom tawg, txij li rab phom ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yuav tsum tua nws los ntawm hauv qab. Tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, nrog kev nce qib ntawm cov phom loj, txhua lub tsev fuabtais, txawm tias zoo tshaj plaws, dhau los ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau nws.

Duab
Duab

Lub foob pob hnyav hauv nruab nrab tab tom tua ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Teeb duab los ntawm tus kws kos duab niaj hnub no.

Pom zoo: