100 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 15, 1919, lub taub hau ntawm German Communist Party Karl Liebknecht raug tua. Thaum pib xyoo 1919, nws tau coj kev tawm tsam tawm tsam tsoomfwv Social Democratic ntawm Tebchaws Yelemees. Cov neeg ntxeev siab xav tsim kom muaj hwj chim Soviet hauv tebchaws Yelemes, yog li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Social Democratic Party tau txiav txim siab tshem tawm cov thawj coj ntawm kev tawm tsam.
Karl Paul Friedrich Lub Yim Hli Liebknecht yug thaum Lub Yim Hli 13, 1871 hauv nroog Leipzig hauv tsev neeg ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab tus nom tswv Wilhelm. K. Marx thiab F. Engels dhau los ua nws txiv yawg. Thiab ntawm leej txiv sab, nws cov yawg koob yog Martin Luther - tus tsim ntawm Kev Hloov Kho, yog ib tus tsim ntawm txoj kev coj tshiab ntawm kev ntseeg Vajtswv - Protestantism (Lutheranism). Yog li, Karl tau sau los ua ib tus neeg tseem ceeb ua nom tswv.
Tom qab tsev kawm ntawv theem siab, Karl kawm ntawm Leipzig thiab Berlin cov tsev kawm qib siab, kawm txog kev cai lij choj thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam, kev xav thiab keeb kwm. Xyoo 1897 nws tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav kws lij choj. Xyoo 1900 nws tau koom nrog Qib ntawm Social Democratic Party ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees (SPD), uas nws ua haujlwm sab laug-tis radical. Xyoo 1904 nws tau tiv thaiv hauv tsev hais plaub Lavxias thiab German cov neeg tawm tsam uas raug liam tias nyiag cov ntaub ntawv tawm tsam hla ciam teb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau tawm tsam txoj cai tswjfwm ntawm tsoomfwv Lavxias thiab German.
Karl Liebknecht tau tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam txoj cai hloov pauv ntawm cov thawj coj SPD. Lub hauv paus ntawm nws txoj haujlwm pabcuam nom tswv yog kev tawm tsam kev ua tub rog. Ntawm Congress ntawm Social Democratic Party ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees hauv Bremen xyoo 1904, Liebknecht tau qhia txog kev ua tub rog raws li qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua lag luam peev nyiaj txiag, thiab xav tau kev coj ua tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam kev ua tsov rog thiab tsim kom muaj Kev ywj pheej rau cov koom haum hluas rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas los tawm tsam kev ua tub rog. Tus kws lij choj txhawb nqa Thawj Koog Lavxias Kev Tawm Tsam. Xyoo 1906, ntawm Mannheim Party Congress, thuam German cov tub ceev xwm rau kev pab Lavxias tsarism hauv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, nws tau hu rau cov neeg ua haujlwm German ua raws li tus piv txwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab proletariat.
Karl Liebknecht, ua ke nrog Rosa Luxemburg, dhau los ua ib tus thawj coj tseem ceeb ntawm sab laug ntawm German Social Democracy. Nws tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg tsim ntawm Socialist Youth International (koom haum hluas ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Thib Ob) hauv 1907 thiab nws tus thawj coj txog 1910. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, Socialist International ntawm Cov Hluas tau coj thoob ntiaj teb thiab tiv thaiv kev ua tsov rog. Nyob rau thawj lub rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov koom haum koom haum hluas, sib tham hauv tib 1907, Liebknecht tau tshaj tawm txog kev tawm tsam kev ua tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws phau ntawv "Militarism thiab Anti-Militarism" tau luam tawm. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, Liebknecht tau tshuaj xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tub rog nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis muaj kev ntseeg thiab kev xav txog qhov xav tau rau kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv chav kawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus thawj coj sab laug tau raug kaw thaum kawg xyoo 1907 (ib xyoos thiab ib nrab xyoo hauv tsev loj cuj) ntawm kev liam ntawm "kev ntxeev siab siab."
Xyoo 1908, thaum tseem raug kaw hauv Glatz fortress, Liebknecht tau raug xaiv los ua tus lwm thawj ntawm Prussian Landtag (sib sau ua ke ntawm cov neeg sawv cev) los ntawm Berlin, xyoo 1912 - tus thawj ntawm German Reichstag. Tus neeg tswjfwm tseem hais tawm tsam cov tub rog German, uas, raws li nws, tau npaj los ua kom tsis sib haum ntawm kev ua tsov rog ntiaj teb. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1913, Liebknecht los ntawm rostrum ntawm Reichstag hu ua cov kws tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, coj los ntawm "huab tais cannon" Krupp, ua kom sov. Raws li Karl Liebknecht, tsuas yog kev sib koom siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov neeg ua haujlwm loj tuaj yeem nres cov peev txheej tub rog.
Tom qab muaj Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Liebknecht, tsis zoo rau nws tus kheej cov lus thiab kev ntseeg, xa mus rau qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm SPD pawg hauv Reichstag thiab tau pov npav rau kev ua tsov rog rau tsoomfwv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau rov qab mus rau nws txoj haujlwm yav dhau los sai thiab thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1914 Liebknecht ib leeg hauv pawg pov npav tawm tsam kev ua tsov rog. Ua ke nrog Rosa Luxemburg nws pib tawm tsam tawm tsam kev coj noj coj ua ntawm SPD, uas txhawb kev ua tsov rog. Liebknecht tau piav txog kev ua tsov rog raws li kev ua phem. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1915, nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm Social Democratic faction ntawm Reichstag rau nws qhov tsis txaus siab pov ntawv tawm suab rau kev ua tsov ua rog.
Xyoo 1915 Liebknecht tau npaj ua tub rog. Nws txuas ntxiv tawm tsam kev tawm tsam kev ua tsov rog, siv lub peev xwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Reichstag thiab Prussian Landtag. Tus kws lij choj sab laug tau koom nrog cov lus hais ntawm Lavxias Bolsheviks txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev tsov rog tsis muaj zog ua kev tsov rog. Los ntawm rostrum ntawm Reichstag, nws tau hais kom cov neeg ua haujlwm tig lawv cov riam phom tawm tsam lawv cov yeeb ncuab hauv chav kawm. Hauv daim ntawv "Tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb hauv nws lub tebchaws!", Uas tau tawm thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1915, Liebknecht tau sau tseg tias tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg German yog German kev ua phem. Hauv nws cov lus rau Zimmerwald Lub Rooj Sib Tham, nws kuj tau hais tawm cov lus hais tias: "Kev ua tsov rog hauv ntiaj teb, tsis yog kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb! Soj ntsuam thoob ntiaj teb kev sib koom siab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, tawm tsam pseudo-national, pseudo-patriotic kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov chav kawm, thoob ntiaj teb chav kawm tawm tsam kom muaj kev thaj yeeb, rau kev hloov pauv kev sib raug zoo. " Liebknecht kuj tau thov kom tsim kom muaj International tshiab.
K. Liebknecht ua ke nrog R. Luxemburg koom nrog tsim cov pab pawg tawm tsam "Spartacus" (txij li Kaum Ib Hlis 1918 - "Union of Spartacus"). Lub npe "Spartacus" ncaj qha hais txog keeb kwm yav dhau los, mus rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Spartacus. Nws tus phab ej tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm German thiab Soviet. Nrog lub teeb pom kev ntawm Lenin, daim duab ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam, Spartacus, tau sib npaug nrog tus hero-martyr uas tuag nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm "tiv thaiv cov tub qhe."
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1916, los ntawm Rostrum ntawm Prussian Landtag, Karl Liebknecht tau hu rau cov tub rog ntawm txhua lub tebchaws sib cav kom tso lawv cov riam phom thiab pib tawm tsam tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab, cov peev txheej. Nws hu xov tooj rau Berlin cov neeg ua haujlwm kom tawm rau lub Tsib Hlis 1 rau kev ua qauv qhia nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: "Ua nrog tsov rog!", "Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub tebchaws, koom ua ke!" Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 1, 1916, thaum lub Tsib Hlis Hnub Qhia tawm los ntawm "Spartak", cov neeg tawm tsam tau hu kom tawm tsam tsoomfwv ua tsov rog ntawm kev kov yeej. Txog qhov kev hais lus no nws tau raug ntes thiab tsev hais plaub tub rog tau txiav txim rau Liebknecht raug kaw rau lub sijhawm 4 xyoos thiab 1 hlis, kom raug ntiab tawm ntawm pab tub rog thiab tshem tawm txoj cai pej xeem rau 6 xyoo. Nws tau ua nws txoj haujlwm nyob hauv Lucau raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj.
Tshaj tawm thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1918 nyob rau hauv pej xeem qhov kev nyuaj siab - qhov no yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm Qhov Reich Thib Ob. Tom qab tawm hauv tsev lojcuj, Liebknecht tau koom tes nrog hauv kev tawm tsam. Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 8, nws tau hu xov tooj rau kev rhuav tshem tsoomfwv. Ua ke nrog R. Luxemburg nws tau teeb tsa cov ntawv xov xwm "Red Banner". Liebknecht tau tawm tswv yim kom tob zuj zus ntawm Kaum Ib Hlis Kev Tawm Tsam, uas ua rau lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Reich Thib Ob thiab huab tais, thiab tsim kom muaj kev ywj pheej. Feem ntau, kev tawm tsam Kaum Ib Hlis tau teeb tsa los ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv German - kev lag luam thiab tub rog, uas, raws li kev coj ua ntawm txoj kev yeej ntawm kev ywj pheej ywj pheej, tau sim khaws feem ntau ntawm cov txiv ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Kaiser Wilhelm II tau ua "scapegoat" los liam txhua qhov kev ua tsov ua rog txhaum cai rau nws. Cov nyiaj txiag thiab kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau txhawb lawv tus kheej zoo heev hauv kev ua tsov rog thiab xav khaws lawv cov peev, nce hwj chim, thiab sib tham nrog tus tswv ntawm London, Paris thiab Washington. Yog li ntawd, kev tsov rog tau tso tseg, txawm hais tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tseem tuaj yeem tiv taus thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm Entente. Tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm German peev (thiab Western peev feem ntau) yog kev tawm tsam rog, cov neeg tawm tsam. Txoj cai-tis Social Democrats, uas tau tsim tsoomfwv tom qab Lub Kaum Ib Hlis Kev Tawm Tsam, yuav tsum faus qhov kev hloov pauv hauv tebchaws Yelemes.
Yog li ntawd, K. Liebknecht thiab R. Luxemburg tsim lub Koom Txoos Kav Tos Liv (KKE). Kev tsim cov rooj sib tham ntawm tog tau muaj nyob hauv Berlin txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis 30, 1918 txog Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1919. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 5, 1919, thaum muaj kev tawm tsam loj, Spartak kev tawm tsam (Lub Ib Hlis Tawm Tsam) pib hauv Berlin. Cov neeg tawm tsam tau tawm tsam rau kev tsim cov koom pheej Soviet. Kev tawm tsam tag nrho tau tshwm sim, tsis tau npaj thiab teeb tsa tsis zoo, thiab hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tawm tsam tsis muaj peev xwm ua tiav. Tsoomfwv Communist tseem nyob rau thaum nws tseem yau thiab tsis tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub koomhaum muaj zog ntawm kev hloov pauv. KKE cov neeg tawm tsam tsis tuaj yeem yeej hauv pab tub rog, suav nrog cov neeg tawm tsam feem ntau ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog, uas tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub Kaum Ib Hlis cov xwm txheej. Qee lub tsev tshaj tawm tsis muaj kev ncaj ncees, lwm tus txhawb nqa tsoomfwv Social Democratic. Nws tseem tsis tau muaj peev xwm txeeb riam phom los ua haujlwm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Qhov kev tawm tsam tsis tau txhawb nqa hauv feem ntau lwm lub nroog ib yam nkaus. Cov koom pheej Soviet tau tsim tsuas yog hauv Bremen (qhov chaw uas tau tawm tsam thaum lub Ob Hlis 1919). Bavarian Soviet koom pheej tau tsim tom qab - Plaub Hlis 1919.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsoomfwv Social Democratic, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm German peev thiab cov thawj coj, tau hla mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam. German "dawb" tau coj los ntawm ib tus thawj coj ntawm SPD Gustav Noske. Tsoomfwv cov tub rog tau txhawb ntxiv nrog cov neeg tua rog los ntawm pab pawg sab xis, rov kho dua thiab cov tub rog ua haujlwm pab dawb (freikor). Yav tom ntej, ntawm lawv lub hauv paus, kev tsim tub rog ntawm Nazis yuav raug tsim, ntau tus thawj coj tub rog-nom tswv ntawm Peb Reich tau hla lub Tsev Kawm Freikor. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 11, 1919, tsoomfwv cov tub rog nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Noske thiab Pabst (tus thawj coj ntawm freikor) nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog. Kev tawm tsam hauv Berlin tau poob dej hauv cov ntshav. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 15, Pabst cov neeg tua rog tau ntes thiab tua neeg phem Karl Liebknecht thiab Rosa Luxemburg.
Yog li, kev tawm tsam hauv tebchaws Yelemes, uas ntau tus neeg Lavxias tiv thaiv kev cia siab rau (Russia thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau dhau los ua cov thawj coj ntawm kev hloov pauv ntiaj teb), tsis tau tshwm sim. Karl Liebknecht thiab Rosa Luxemburg tau dhau los ua kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ib hom hero-martyrs uas ua raws txoj kev ntawm Spartacus.
