69 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5, 1941, cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ze Moscow. Nov yog qhov pib ntawm thawj qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm peb cov tub rog hauv Great Patriotic War, nws thawj qhov kev yeej loj. Txog kev tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab, cov neeg German thiab lawv cov phoojywg, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Moscow tau ntau dua li tsuas yog thawj qhov swb loj. Nws txhais tau tias ua rau lawv txoj kev cia siab ntawm kev yeej hauv kev sib tw sai - thiab yog li ntawd, coj lawv mus rau qhov kev poob ntawm kev ua tsov rog tag nrho.
Yog li ntawd, Hnub pib ntawm kev tawm tsam ze Moscow yog qhov tsim nyog tau txais kev pom zoo hauv Russia ua ib hnub ntawm nws cov tub rog lub yeeb koob.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias qhov kev yeej no tau mus rau peb pab tub rog thiab tib neeg ntawm tus nqi hnyav heev. Thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Moscow tau pib nrog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm peb cov tub rog, qhov tseeb, muaj kev puas tsuaj loj uas tau tshwm sim rau Soviet cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, Zaum thiab Bryansk.
Cov lus hais hauv German siab tau npaj tau zoo rau kev pib ua qhov kev txiav txim siab phem rau lub peev ntawm Soviet Union, Moscow. Nyob rau lub lim tiam dhau los, cov tub rog ntawm lawv Pawg Tub Rog Sab Qab Teb (hais los ntawm Field Marshal Gerd von Runstedt) thiab Chaw (txib los ntawm Field Marshal Fyodor von Bock) puag ncig thiab swb feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob (hais los ntawm Marshal Timoshenko) … Thiab pab tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg Sab Qaum Teb (tus thawj coj ntawm Ritter Wilhelm von Leeb) tsis tsuas yog mus txog ze rau Leningrad, tabsis tseem txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv mus rau sab hnub tuaj txhawm rau koom nrog pab pawg Finnish ntawm Field Marshal Carl Gustav Mannerheim hla Lake Ladoga.
Txawm tias thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kiev, thaum kev ua tiav ntawm cov tub rog German tau cim, Wehrmacht High Command tau tsim phiaj xwm rau kev tawm tsam Moscow. Txoj kev npaj no, codenamed Typhoon, tau pom zoo los ntawm Hitler, tau pom zoo los ntawm cov thawj coj thiab cov tub ceev xwm hauv lub rooj sib tham thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1941 nyob ze Smolensk. (Qhov no yog tom qab kev ua tsov rog, hauv lawv cov ntawv sau tseg, lawv yuav qhia tias Hitler txhua lub sijhawm yuam "kev txiav txim siab tuag" rau lawv, thiab cov thawj coj lawv tus kheej ib txwm tawm tsam hauv lawv lub siab).
Lub meej mom ntawm kev kov yeej lub peev ntawm Bolsheviks thiab lwm yam "Untermines" Hitler tau tso siab rau von Bock thiab nws pab tub rog pab pawg "Chaw", uas, txawm li cas los xij, ib feem ntawm pab tub rog los ntawm pab pawg "Sab Qab Teb" thiab "North" tau hloov pauv. Pawg Pab Pawg Tub Rog tam sim no suav nrog pawg thib 2, 4, 9, pab pawg tub rog thib 2, 4 thiab 3. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog 77 qhov kev sib cais, suav nrog 14 daim npog ntsej muag thiab 8 lub tsheb. Qhov no suav txog 38% ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov tub rog thiab 64% ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lub tank thiab cov tsheb sib cais ua haujlwm ntawm Soviet-German pem hauv ntej. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1, pab pawg yeeb ncuab tsom rau Moscow suav txog 1.8 lab tus tib neeg, ntau dua 14 txhiab phom thiab phom, 1700 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 1390 dav hlau.
Tag nrho pawg neeg ntawm pab pawg "Lub Chaw" tau siv rau kev ua phem rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm Andriapol mus rau Glukhov hauv ib cheeb tsam uas tau hla los ntawm sab qab teb los ntawm Kursk kev taw qhia, los ntawm sab qaum teb - los ntawm Kalinin kev coj. Hauv thaj tsam Dukhovshchina, Roslavl thiab Shostka, peb pawg poob siab tau mloog zoo, lub hauv paus yog cov pab pawg tso tsheb hlau luam.
Ua ntej nws pab tub rog, von Bock tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ncig thiab rhuav tshem Soviet pab tub rog nyob rau thaj tsam Bryansk thiab Vyazma, tom qab ntawd nrog pab pawg tso tsheb hlau luam mus ntes Moscow los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb thiab sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tank rog los ntawm cov dav hlau thiab cov tub rog nyob hauv nruab nrab. ntes Moscow.
Qhov kev tawm tsam kuj tau muab logistically. Lub sijhawm yuav dhau mus, thiab German cov kws tshaj lij yuav hais txog qhov tsis tau npaj tseg ntawm lub nraub qaum, teeb meem kev muab khoom, ncua kev sib txuas lus thiab txoj kev tsis zoo. Thiab thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1941, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm German ntseeg tias qhov xwm txheej txaus siab txaus siab nyob txhua qhov chaw. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau lees paub tias zoo, thiab muaj ntau lub tsheb uas ib feem ntawm nws tau thim rov qab mus rau qhov tshwj tseg.
Twb tau dhau los ntawm qhov pib tau pib Ua Haujlwm Typhoon, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2, Adolf Hitler tshaj tawm rau nws cov tub rog: "Hauv peb thiab ib nrab hlis, qhov kev npaj ua ntej kawg tau tsim los tsoo cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab muaj zog txawm tias ua ntej pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no. Txhua qhov kev npaj, kom deb li ntau tau rau tib neeg, tau ua tiav. Kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo no pib hnub no."
Thawj qhov haujlwm "Typhoon" tau tsim los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pawg neeg tawm tsam sab qab teb, coj los ntawm lub nkoj loj Heinz Guderian. Thaum Lub Cuaj Hli 30, Guderian tsoo ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Bryansk Pem Hauv Ntej los ntawm Shostka, thaj tsam Glukhov nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Orel thiab hla Bryansk los ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2, ob pawg tseem tshuav los ntawm cheeb tsam Dukhovshchina thiab Roslavl tau tawm tsam. Lawv qhov kev tawm tsam tau hais qhia hauv kev hloov pauv cov lus qhia rau Vyazma txhawm rau txhawm rau npog lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab Reserve Fronts. Hauv thawj hnub, cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam tau ua tiav. Nws tau tswj kom mus txog tom qab ntawm pab tub rog thib peb thiab thib 13 ntawm Bryansk Pem Hauv Ntej, thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Vyazma - kom nyob ib puag ncig ntawm 19th thiab 20th pab tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab 24th thiab 32nd pab tub rog ntawm Reserve fronts.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, feem ntau ntawm peb cov tub rog, uas tau npog sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb hnub poob mus rau lub peev, tau swb los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv thawj hnub lossis tau nyob ib puag ncig. Ntawm kwv yees li ntawm 1,250,000 tus tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab Chaw Tiv Thaiv, los ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev tawm tsam German, Georgy Zhukov, uas tau hais kom ua ntej ntawm lub Kaum Hlis 10, tswj kom sau tsawg dua 250,000 raws li nws cov lus txib.
Nws zoo me ntsis ntawm Bryansk pem hauv ntej - nws cov tub rog tau tswj kom tawg tawm ntawm ib puag ncig, tab sis poob los ntawm ib nrab mus rau ob feem peb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Field Marshal von Bock, tau kawg, khav theeb, tshaj tawm tias ntawm Vyazma nws tau coj 670 txhiab tus tub rog liab tub rog raug kaw, thiab rhuav tshem 330 txhiab leej, yog li tau txais ib puag ncig thiab zoo nkauj ntawm 1 lab. Tab sis peb qhov kev poob, raug ntes thiab tua, suav tus lej hauv ntau pua txhiab leej.
Kwv yees li 80 txhiab ntawm peb cov neeg tua rog tswj kom tawg tawm ntawm ib puag ncig, ntau ntxiv (tab sis tsis muaj tus lej tseeb ntawm no) tau khiav mus rau cov zos, thiab ob qho lus qhia los ntawm sab xub ntiag. Tom qab ntawd, ntau txhiab leej ntawm lawv yuav koom nrog pab pawg, lossis koom nrog pab tub rog tub rog ntawm General Belov thiab cov tub rog ntawm General Kazankin ua haujlwm nyob rau tom qab German. Tseem tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1943, tom qab qhov kev tso tawm zaum kawg ntawm cov cheeb tsam no, ntau dua 100 txhiab tus tub rog Liab Liab tau "rov tsim dua" rau hauv Pab Tub Rog Liab, feem ntau yog los ntawm "Vyazma ncig". Tab sis qhov no yuav yog tom qab - thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1941 ntau cov lus qhia coj mus rau Moscow tau raug thaiv los ntawm tub ceev xwm xwb.
Cov chav nyob ib puag ncig, hais los ntawm General Mikhail Lukin, tau tawm tsam yuav luag 10 hnub ntxiv, thiab rau lub sijhawm no ua rau 28 qhov kev sib cais hauv German. Tam sim no peb muaj "keeb kwm keeb kwm" uas tau lees tias, lawv hais tias, cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig tau qhia lawv tus kheej tsis tseem ceeb, lawv tuav tsis muaj dab tsi. Tab sis Paulus, lawv hais tias, kav ntev dua peb lub hlis hauv lub rhaub dej! Kuv yuav tsis mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, Kuv tsuas yog hais tias kuv xav txog cov lus hais kom swinish. Tib neeg tau ua tiav lawv lub luag haujlwm rau Niam Txiv raws li qhov lawv ua tau. Thiab lawv tau ua lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv Moscow. Thiab cov tub rog German cov tub rog tsis txaus siab ua kom nrawm ntawm npog npog Moscow yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov tub rog.
Raws li tus kws sau keeb kwm keeb kwm tub rog Viktor Anfilov sau, "feem ntau yog cov tub rog Moscow, tua tub rog, tub rog ntawm cov tsev kawm tub rog thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm Moscow tub rog, NKVD cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog tau tawm tsam tiv thaiv pawg tiv thaiv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Mozhaisk tiv thaiv kab. Lawv tau tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog kev hwm thiab ua kom pom tseeb thiab xa tawm ntawm lub hauv paus chaw khaws cia. Hauv qab npog ntawm kab Mozhaisk, cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob uas tau dim los ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig tuaj yeem tso lawv tus kheej kom nyob ruaj khov thiab rov txhim kho dua."
Thiab nyob rau ib nrab ntawm Kaum Ib Hlis, thaum pab tub rog ntawm "Chaw" pab pawg, tau tawg qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov chav nyob ib puag ncig Vyazma, tau tsiv mus rau Moscow, lawv tau ntsib dua kev tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej thiab raug yuam kom hla nws dua. Txij li Lub Kaum Hli 13, kev tawm tsam hnyav tau nthuav tawm ntawm ciam teb ntawm Mozhaisk thiab Maloyaroslavets, thiab txij Lub Kaum Hli 16, Volokolamsk thaj tsam muaj zog.
Tau tsib hnub thiab hmo ntuj, cov tub rog ntawm Tub Rog Thib 5 tau tawm tsam kev ua phem ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov tub rog tuag. Tsuas yog thaum Lub Kaum Hli 18, cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam tsoo rau Mozhaisk. Tib hnub ntawd, Maloyaroslavets poob. Qhov xwm txheej ze Moscow tau tsis zoo. Nws yog thaum ntawd, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 16, uas yog hnub txaj muag ntawm "zoo Moscow ceeb" tau tshwm sim, txog qhov uas peb cov kws sau keeb kwm muaj kev ywj pheej zoo li nyiam ua rau puab. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsis sib xws rau lawv qhov kev lees paub, tsis muaj leej twg zais qhov kev txaj muag no txawm tias nyob hauv Soviet lub sijhawm, txawm hais tias, tau kawg, lawv tsis hais txog nws. Konstantin Simonov hauv nws zaj dab neeg "Nyob thiab Tuag" (sau rov qab rau xyoo 1950) tau hais txog nws li no: "thaum txhua yam no yog yav dhau los thiab thaum ib tus neeg nyob hauv nws lub xub ntiag tau hais nrog tshuaj lom thiab iab siab txog lub Kaum Hli 16, Sintsov tawv ncauj. nyob ntsiag to: nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau nws nco txog Moscow hnub ntawd, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem pom lub ntsej muag hlub koj, cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ntshai.
Yog lawm, tsis yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Moscow, qhov chaw uas cov tub rog sib ntaus thiab tuag nyob rau hnub ntawd, tab sis hauv Moscow nws tus kheej muaj cov neeg txaus uas ua txhua yam hauv lawv lub zog kom tsis txhob swb nws. Thiab yog vim li cas nws thiaj tsis raug xa mus. Tab sis qhov xwm txheej nyob rau pem hauv ntej ze Moscow zoo li tau txhim kho nyob rau hauv txoj kev tuag tshaj plaws thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog tag nrho, thiab ntau tus nyob hauv Moscow hnub ntawd xav ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg German yuav nkag mus rau tag kis.
Raws li ib txwm nyob hauv lub sijhawm nyuaj siab, kev ntseeg ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tsis tau pom yav dhau los tseem tsis tau pom tseeb rau txhua tus, nws tsuas yog cog lus tias yuav muaj txiv, thiab tsis meej pem, tu siab, txaus ntshai, thiab poob siab ntawm qhov kawg tau ua rau lub qhov muag. Qhov no yog, thiab tsis tuaj yeem tab sis yog, ntawm qhov chaw. Kaum tawm thiab ntau pua txhiab tus neeg, khiav tawm ntawm cov neeg German, sawv thiab khiav tawm ntawm Moscow hnub ntawd, ua rau nws txoj kev thiab cov xwm txheej nrog cov kwj dej txuas mus tas li, maj nrawm mus rau cov chaw nres tsheb thiab tawm ntawm txoj kev loj mus rau sab hnub tuaj; txawm hais tias, hauv txhua qhov kev ncaj ncees, tsis muaj coob leej neeg los ntawm kaum tawm leej thiab ntau pua txhiab leej tom qab raug txim los ntawm keeb kwm rau lawv lub dav hlau."
Qhov tseeb, ntau tus xav tias Moscow nyob ze ntawm kev poob, thiab kev ua tsov rog tau ploj mus. Nws yog thaum ntawd qhov kev txiav txim siab tau tshem tawm ntawm Moscow mus rau Kuibyshev (tom qab ntawd lub npe ntawm Samara) tsoomfwv thiab txhua lub tsev haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov chaw tsim khoom, muaj nuj nqis, kev tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm thiab txawm tias Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Loj. Txawm li cas los xij, Stalin nws tus kheej tseem nyob hauv Moscow - thiab qhov no yog qhov tsis ntseeg nws txoj kev koom tes rau keeb kwm. Txawm hais tias nws tsis paub meej txog kev ua tiav ntawm kev tiv thaiv Moscow.
Raws li Georgy Zhukov rov hais dua, hauv ib qho ntawm cov hnub nyuaj tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua phem rau yeeb ncuab, Stalin nug nws: "Koj puas paub tseeb tias peb yuav tuav Moscow? Kuv nug koj qhov no nrog mob hauv kuv tus plig. Hais lus ncaj ncees zoo li ib tug neeg txawv tebchaws."
Zhukov teb hais tias: "Peb yuav ua kom Moscow ruaj khov. Tab sis tsawg kawg yuav tsum muaj ob pab tub rog ntxiv. Thiab tsawg kawg 200 tso tsheb hlau luam."
Ob qho tib si Stalin thiab Zhukov nkag siab zoo tias lub zog txhais li cas thiab nyuaj npaum li cas nws thiaj tau txais lawv los ntawm txhua qhov chaw.
Peb nyiam tham txog Siberians thiab Far Eastern kev sib cais. Yog lawm, lawv tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, thiab nws yog nyob rau hnub ntawd qhov kev txiav txim tau muab hloov peb rab phom thiab ob lub tank sib cais los ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj mus rau Moscow. Thiab lawv tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv Moscow - tsuas yog tom qab. Saib daim duab qhia chaw ntawm lub tebchaws. Txhawm rau tsuas yog hloov ib feem los ntawm Chita, nws yuav siv sijhawm tsawg kawg ib lub lim tiam, thiab tsawg kawg tsib caug lub tsev. Ntxiv mus, lawv yuav tsum tau hla dhau txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau hla dhau - tom qab tag nrho, kev khiav tawm ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab tib neeg mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj txuas ntxiv.
Txawm tias muaj kev txhawb zog los ntawm thaj tsam Volga thiab Ural tuaj txog nyuaj.
32nd Red Banner Saratov Division ntawm Colonel Viktor Polosukhin, uas tuaj txog tsuas yog nyob rau hnub ntawd Lub Kaum Hli los "tiv thaiv thaj chaw Borodino", tau nyob hauv qhov chaw tsuas yog lub sijhawm xwb vim tias lawv tau pib siv nws los ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj rov qab thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 11. Rau qhov seem, sab xub ntiag yuav tsum tau tuav rov qab los ntawm cov tub rog tub rog, tub rog (Moscow tawm tsam 17 kev sib cais), tua cov tub rog (tsuas yog 25 ntawm lawv tau tsim hauv nroog nws tus kheej, tsis suav thaj tsam) thiab NKVD chav nyob - heev uas peb, ua tsaug rau TV qhia tsis meej, tau siv los sawv cev zoo li snickering cov neeg phem nyob hauv lub kaus mom nrog lub tsho xiav thiab lub tsho liab uas tsuas paub yuav tua lawv nraub qaum.
Thiab rau ob lub hlis cov rog no tau ua rau cov Neeg German qaug zog nrog kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv kev txom nyem hnyav. Tab sis cov neeg German, raws li lawv tus thawj coj rov hais dua, tseem nqa lawv mus: thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, cov tuam txhab suav txog 15-20% ntawm qhov xav tau sib xyaw. Hauv kev faib lub tank ntawm General Routh, uas tau tawg tawm ntau dua li lwm qhov, mus txog Moscow Kwj Dej, tsuas yog 5 lub tso tsheb hlau luam nyob. Thiab txog thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 20, nws tau pom meej tias qhov kev kov yeej Moscow tsis tau ua tiav, thiab thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 30, tus thawj coj ntawm Pab Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw tau xaus lus tias nws cov tub rog tsis muaj lub zog los tawm tsam. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1941, cov tub rog German tau mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv, thiab nws tau tshaj tawm tias German cov lus txib tsis muaj phiaj xwm rau rooj plaub no, txij li qhov kev xav tau yeej hauv Berlin tias cov yeeb ncuab tsis muaj lub zog rau kev tiv thaiv mus ntev lossis rau kev tawm tsam.
Ib feem, los ntawm txoj kev, Berlin tau raug. Txawm hais tias Soviet Lub Hauv Paus tau teeb tsa cov peev txheej los ntawm thoob plaws lub tebchaws, thiab txawm tias los ntawm lwm qhov, nws tsis muaj peev xwm los tsim tus lej zoo dua lossis zoo dua hauv kev siv tshuab thaum pib ntawm kev hloov pauv mus rau kev tawm tsam. Qhov zoo tsuas yog kev coj ncaj ncees. Peb cov neeg tau pom tias "German tsis zoo ib yam", tias "German tsis ua pa," thiab tsis muaj ib qhov twg yuav thim rov qab. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws German Blumentritt (Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm Tub Rog 4, Field Marshal Kluge), "nws tau meej rau txhua tus tub rog ntawm pab tub rog German tias peb lub neej lossis kev tuag vam khom rau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Moscow. Yog tias cov neeg Lavxias kov yeej peb ntawm no, peb yuav tsis muaj kev cia siab. " Tab sis, pom tseeb, lub hom phiaj ntawm Lavxias los tiv thaiv Moscow tau dhau los ua kom muaj zog dua li cov neeg German - coj nws.
Thiab, tshem tawm txhua qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg German, thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj, Soviet cov lus txib tau npaj phiaj xwm tawm tsam - thawj zaug hauv tag nrho Kev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog. Raws li Zhukov txoj phiaj xwm, pem hauv ntej muaj lub luag haujlwm tsoo cov tub rog thib 3 thiab 4 uas tau hem lub peev hauv cheeb tsam Klin-Solnechnogorsk-Istra thiab Guderian thib 2 pab pawg tank hauv thaj tsam Tula-Kashira nrog rau kev tawm tsam tam sim ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd ntim thiab tsoo cov tub rog thib 4 von Kluge, nce mus rau Moscow los ntawm sab hnub poob. Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob raug xaj kom kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab pawg hauv cheeb tsam Yelets thiab pab Sab Hnub Poob hauv kev kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab hauv Tula kev coj. Kev npaj ua ke thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj Hauv Lub Hauv Paus tau ua kom muaj kev sib koom tes ua haujlwm thiab muaj tswv yim ntawm peb lub hauv paus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Soviet tiv thaiv kev ua phem nyob ze Rostov thiab Tikhvin tsis tau hais lus German ntawm lub sijhawm los hloov kev txhawb nqa rau Moscow los ntawm Pab Pawg Pawg Sab Qab Teb thiab Sab Qaum Teb.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm Soviet kev tawm tsam ze Moscow yog tias cov tub rog Liab tsis muaj zog tshaj ntawm Wehrmacht, tshwj tsis yog cov dav hlau. Lub zog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - cov tub rog tank - hauv qhov loj muaj T -26 thiab BT tso tsheb hlau luam; yog li ua rau cov neeg Germans T-34 thiab KV tseem tsawg. Ib lub tsev tsim lub tank - Kharkov, raug ntes los ntawm cov neeg German. Lwm qhov, Leningrad, tau nyob hauv qhov thaiv, qhov muaj peev xwm khiav tawm hauv Urals thiab Siberia tsuas yog nthuav tawm. Thiab tsuas yog cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Stalingrad tseem yog tus xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab. Yog li, cov tub rog German lub peev xwm tuaj yeem sib ntaus sib tua nrog Soviet cov lus sib luag, yam tsis muaj qhov ua tsis tiav rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm T-34 thiab KV.
Thiab txij li Soviet cov lus txib tsis muaj qhov txiav txim siab kom zoo dua rau txiv neej lossis hauv cov cuab yeej siv, txhawm rau ua kom tau zoo dua hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb hauv txhua qhov ntawm lub ntsej muag, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke loj, tawm hauv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm quab yuam hauv cov haujlwm thib ob.
Piv txwv li, tus thawj coj ntawm Kalinin Pem Hauv Ntej, General Ivan Konev, tau tshaj tawm rau Lub Hauv Paus tias, vim tsis muaj zog thiab tso tsheb hlau luam, lub hauv ntej tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav txoj haujlwm. Konev tau thov kom txwv kev ua ntawm lub hauv ntej rau kev ua haujlwm ntiag tug kom ntes Kalinin (tom qab ntawd lub npe Tver). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tau tawm tsam qhov phiaj xwm dav dav ntawm kev tawm tsam, thiab tus lwm thawj ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm General, General Vasilevsky, raug xa mus rau pem hauv ntej. Ua ke nrog Konev, lawv tau tshuaj xyuas kom ntxaws txog Kalinin Pem Hauv Ntej lub zog, tshem tawm kev sib cais los ntawm cov lus qhia thib ob thiab txhawb lawv nrog rab phom loj los ntawm cov peev txheej ua ntej. Tag nrho cov no thiab xav tsis thoob ntawm Soviet kev tawm tsam tom qab txiav txim siab qhov ua tiav ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Kalinin Front.
Kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam tau tshwm sim yam tsis muaj kev ncua sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab tau los ua qhov kev xav tsis thoob rau ob qho kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Wehrmacht thiab hais kom ua ntej. Thawj qhov mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5, 1942 yog Kalinin Front. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 6, kev tawm tsam sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb sab hnub poob pib.
Lub Kalinin Pem Hauv Ntej tsoo dhau kev tiv thaiv yeeb ncuab ntawm Volga sab qab teb ntawm Kalinin thiab txog thaum kawg lub Kaum Ob Hlis 9 tau tswj hwm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Kalinin-Moscow. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 13, kev tsim ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Kalinin Front tau kaw rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Kalinin, txiav tawm txoj kev khiav tawm ntawm Kalinin cov yeeb ncuab pab pawg. Cov tub rog German tau thov kom swb. Tom qab lub sijhawm kawg raug tsis lees paub thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 15, kev tawm tsam rau lub nroog tau pib. Hnub tom qab, Kalinin tau tshem tag nrho cov yeeb ncuab. Cov neeg German poob tsuas yog tua ntau dua 10 txhiab tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 6, pab tub rog ntawm sab xis ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, koom tes nrog Kalinin Pem Hauv Ntej, tau tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam thib 3 thiab 4th Panzer Pawg ntawm Reinhard thiab Gepner. Cov tub rog, uas tau pib ua phem rau thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 6, txhawb ntxiv los ntawm 6 Siberian thiab Ural kev sib cais, tsoo los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv sab qaum teb ntawm Klin. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 1st Shock Army tau coj ncaj qha hla hla Moscow-Volga kwj dej hauv cheeb tsam Dmitrov. Qhov kev kov yeej qhov tob yog 17 km thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 6. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 7, qhov kev kov yeej nthuav dav mus rau 35 km raws ntawm xub ntiag thiab 25 km tob.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 9, General Govorov's 5th Army hla tus dej hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab nyob ntau qhov chaw nyob ntawm ntug dej sab qaum teb. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 11, ntawm sab xis tis ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, txoj kev tawm mus tom ntej tau nkag mus rau Leningradskoye Highway sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Solnechnogorsk. Tib hnub ntawd, Solnechnogorsk thiab Istra raug tshem tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.
Wedge tau tshaj tawm rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 15. Hauv kev sib ntaus rau lub nroog, 2 lub cav thiab 1 lub tank German kev sib cais tau swb. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 20-24, cov tub rog ntawm txoj cai tis ntawm Sab Hnub Poob mus txog txoj kab ntawm Lama thiab Ruza dej, uas cov yeeb ncuab tau npaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ua ntej. Ntawm no nws tau txiav txim siab ncua kev tawm tsam thiab nce lub hauv paus ntawm cov kab tiav.
Hauv nruab nrab txoj haujlwm, pab tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau rub lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm von Kluge's 4th Army. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 11, Pawg Tub Rog thib 5 tau hla dhau kev tiv thaiv German hauv thaj tsam Dorokhov.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 18, Tub Rog Tub Rog 33, tom qab npaj rab phom me me, tau pib ua phem rau hauv kev coj ntawm Borovsk. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 25, 175th SMR ntawm 33rd Army hla dhau Naro-Fominsk los ntawm sab qab teb thiab mus txog nws sab nrauv sab hnub poob, txiav tawm cov neeg German tawm mus rau Borovsk. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 4, Borovsk, Naro-Fominsk thiab Maloyaroslavets tau raug tso dim.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 30, tom qab sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, Kaluga tau raug tso dim los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm ob pab tub rog ntawm sab laug tis ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Tom qab Kaluga, lub nroog Belev, Meshchovsk, Serpeysk, Mosalsk raug coj mus. Txog Lub Ib Hlis 7, pab tub rog ntawm sab laug ntawm Sab Hnub Poob mus txog txoj kab Detchino-Yukhnov-Kirov-Lyudinovo.
Txoj cai tis ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob muab kev pab tseem ceeb rau cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Ua tsaug rau nws qhov kev ua, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 10, cov yeeb ncuab pab pawg hauv cheeb tsam Yelets tau nyob ib puag ncig. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 12, cov tub rog ntawm 5th Cavalry Corps tau swb lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig (tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tswj hwm kom dim ntawm lub dav hlau). Cov tub rog uas nyob ib puag ncig tau sim hla mus rau sab hnub poob, tawm tsam qhov thib 3 thiab 32nd kev sib ntaus sib tua rog. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 15, tus thawj coj ntawm German 134th Infantry Division, General Cohenhausen, tus kheej tau coj qhov kev kov yeej. Cov tub rog caij nees tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, General Cohenhausen raug tua, cov neeg Germans uas seem tau tso tseg lossis khiav hla hav zoov. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv cheeb tsam Yelets, 45th (General Materner), 95th (General von Armin) thiab 134th cov tub rog sib tua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab yeej swb lawm. Cov yeeb ncuab poob 12 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv tshav rog.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1942, thawj theem ntawm kev tawm tsam ze Moscow tau ua tiav. Hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv, cov neeg German tau tsav rov qab 100-250 km. Thiab txawm hais tias tseem muaj ntau xyoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav thiab ntshav tom ntej, nws tau pom meej rau txhua tus: peb yuav tsis swb kev ua tsov rog, thiab yeej yuav yog peb li. Qhov no yog kab tias qhov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Moscow.
