Debrecen haujlwm (Lub Kaum Hli 6-28, 1944)
Txog qhov kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli 1944, 2nd Ukrainian Front nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Rodion Malinovsky tau tawm tsam los ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb (nws tau tsim tsis yog yav dhau los Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb Ukraine) thiab ib feem ntawm Pab Pawg Pawg F. Tag nrho ntawm 32 kev sib cais (suav nrog 4 lub tank, 2 lub cav thiab 3 lub cavalry) thiab 5 pab tub rog (3 lub tub rog thiab 2 lub tank). Cov tub rog German muaj kwv yees li 3,500 rab phom thiab phom, muaj txog 300 lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam, phom tua phom thiab 550 lub dav hlau.
2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej suav nrog 40th, 7th Guards, 27th, 53rd thiab 46th armies, 6th Guards Tank thiab 5th Air Armies, 2 cavalry mechanized groups thiab 18 1st Panzer Corps. Ob Romanian sib koom ua ke pab tub rog (1st thiab 4th), Tudor Vladimirescu Volunteer Division thiab Romanian Aviation Corps kuj tseem nyob hauv qab Soviet. Raws li ib feem ntawm pab pawg no muaj: 40 phom sib faib, 17 Romanian cov tub rog sib cais, 2 thaj chaw muaj zog, 3 lub tank, 2 lub tshuab ua haujlwm thiab 3 pab tub rog, 10, 2 txhiab rab phom thiab phom, 750 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom rau tus kheej, ntau dua 1, 1 txhiab lub dav hlau.
Raws li txoj kev npaj los ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj Plaws Lub Hauv Paus, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm Soviet pab tub rog nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Soviet-German pem hauv ntej (2nd thiab 4th Ukrainian fronts) yog kev tshem ntawm Hungary thiab Transylvania thiab tshem Hungary los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Yog li, qhov xwm txheej tau tsim rau Red Army kom mus txog ciam teb ntawm Austria, thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm Czechoslovakia, thiab muaj kev hem thawj rau yav qab teb lub teb chaws Yelemees. Cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tau kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab Debrecen pawg (6th German thiab 3rd Hungarian armies) thiab tso tawm Northern Transylvania (kov yeej 8th German thiab 2nd Hungarian armies). Ib qho ntxiv, Malinovsky cov tub rog tau mus rau tom qab ntawm Carpathian pawg (1st German lub tank thiab 1st Hungarian armies), pab rau 4th Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej thiab 38th Army ntawm 1st Ukrainian Front in Carpathians.
Cov lus hais hauv ntej tau txiav txim siab xa lub tshuab tseem ceeb hauv nruab nrab ntawm Debrecen axis, raws Oradea, Debrecen, Nyiregyhaza kab. Pab pawg poob siab ntawm pem hauv ntej suav nrog 53rd Army nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Ivan Managarov, 6th Guards Tank Army ntawm Andrey Kravchenko thiab pab pawg cavalry cav (KMG) ntawm Issa Pliev (2 cavalry thiab 1 cov neeg ua haujlwm tshuab). Cov tub rog 46th nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Ivan Shlemin thiab 1st Romanian Army ntawm Corps General V. Atanasiu tau nce mus rau sab laug tis ntawm xub ntiag. Sab laug ntawm sab xub ntiag tau nce mus txog thaj tsam ntawm Yugoslavia hauv Segedian kev taw qhia, thiab xav tias yuav nyob ruaj khov ntawm sab xis ntawm tus dej Tissa. Ntawm sab xis, 40th raws li cov lus txib ntawm Philip Zhmachenko (hauv Syget cov lus qhia) thiab 7th Guard Army ntawm Mikhail Shumilov (raws li Dezh thiab Satu Mare) thiab 27th Army ntawm Sergei Trofimenko (hauv Kluzh qhia) tau nce qib Romanian 4th Army of Corps General G. Avramescu thiab cov kws kho tsheb cav pab pawg ntawm Lieutenant General SI Gorshkov (1 lub tank thiab 1 pab tub rog tub rog) kuj nyob ntawm no. Tom qab ntawd, ib feem ntawm cov rog ntawm txoj cai tis tau raug xa mus rau lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm.
Hla Tissa
Hmo ua ntej ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nyob rau ib nrab ntawm lub Cuaj Hlis xyoo 1944, Soviet dav dav dav dav tau tsoo lub zog ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tshuam tsheb nqaj hlau, txuas hniav, chaw khaws khoom thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm Hungary thaj chaw. Kev ya dav hlau tseem tsoo Budapest, Satu Mare, Debrecen thiab lwm lub chaw Hungarian. Kev tawm tsam tau pib rau 6 Lub Kaum Hli nrog luv tab sis muaj rab phom loj thiab npaj huab cua. Soviet rab phom loj thiab dav hlau tau tsoo ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm, tiv thaiv, tua cov ntsiab lus thiab thaj chaw tom qab.
Nyob rau Debrecen axis, Soviet pab tub rog yuav luag tam sim ntawd ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb. Nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm kev tawm tsam, 6th Guards Tank Army thiab ib feem ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 27th Army tau nce mus rau qhov tob ntawm 20 km. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog Soviet yuav tsum tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab kev tawm tsam hnyav nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Oradea thiab Salonta. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev hloov pauv mus rau kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Managarov thiab Pliev ntawm Elek thiab Kartsag thiab ntawm sab laug tis ntawm lub hauv ntej ntawm Shlemin's 46th Army ntawm Subotica thiab Szeged, kev tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog Hungarian tau tawg. 53rd Army ntawm Managarov thiab KMG Pliev, nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm 5th Air Army ntawm General SK Goryunov, yeej yeej thib 3 Hungary Army. Cov tub rog Soviet tsis tsuas yog tsoo los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab qhov kev tiv thaiv, tabsis tseem nce mus txog 100 kilometers hauv peb hnub, mus txog thaj tsam Kartsag. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 8, Pliev pab tub rog caij tsheb nqaj hlau mus txog rau sab qab teb hnub poob mus rau Debrecen. Nyob rau tib hnub ntawd, Soviet pab tub rog hla Tissa thiab ntes tau ntau tus choj.
Yog li, los ntawm kev kov yeej ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab kev tawm tsam sai ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, pab pawg Debrecen ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tau ntim los ntawm sab hnub poob, uas tau tsim kev hem thawj ntawm ib puag ncig thiab ua kom puas tsuaj ntawm cov tub rog German-Hungarian hauv Transylvania thiab ua phem rau lawv txoj haujlwm ntawm kab Carpathian. Cov lus hais hauv German tau xaj kom thim cov tub rog. Nrhiav los ntawm kev tsim ntawm 40th, 27th thiab 4th Romanian armies, cov tub rog German-Hungarian tau thim rov qab rau Nyiregyhaza.
Cov lus txib German, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog thiab kaw qhov sib txawv hauv kev tiv thaiv, cuam tshuam ntau ntxiv thiab tshwj tseg cov rog thiab txhais tau tias mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau kab Oradea-Debrecen. Twb tau nyob rau Lub Kaum Hli 8, German 3rd Panzer Division tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam hauv cheeb tsam Kartsag. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 18, Pawg Panzer 24th thiab Division 4 SS Motorized Division tau raug pov rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Feem ntau, German cov lus txib tau tsom mus rau 13 qhov kev sib cais, suav nrog 5 lub tank thiab tsheb. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov lus txib hauv ntej txhawb nqa pawg tawm tsam tseem ceeb nrog kev pab ntawm kev tsim tawm los ntawm sab xis, los ntawm cheeb tsam Regin-Turda-Pawg Tub Rog 7 thiab Gorshkov pawg tub rog-tshuab ua haujlwm.
Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab tawv ncauj, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 12, Soviet cov tub rog tau coj Oradea, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 20 - Debrecen. Tsim kev tawm tsam rau sab qaum teb, Pliev cov tub rog tsoo rau hauv lub nroog Nyiregyhaza thaum Lub Kaum Hli 21. Cov tsev kawm qib siab Soviet tau mus txog Tissa River, txiav txoj kev khiav tawm ntawm pab tub rog German-Hungarian. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, German cov lus txib, txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov kev hem thawj ntawm ib puag ncig, yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kev tawm tsam muaj zog nrog cov tub rog ntawm peb pab tub rog thiab ib lub tank tub rog. Cov tub rog German muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam kev sib txuas lus ntawm KMG Pliev. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 27, Pliev cov tub rog tawm ntawm Nyiregyhaza thiab thim rov qab mus rau lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej.
Kev tawm tsam ntawm Soviet pab tub rog ntawm Szeged (Hungary). Lub Kaum Hli 1944
Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, kev faib ntawm 53rd thiab 7th Guards armies tau mus txog Tisza hauv Szolnok - Polgar sector. Ntawm sab laug, cov chav ntawm Shlemin's 46th Army tau tuav tus choj loj ntawm Tisza, mus txog Danube hauv cheeb tsam nroog Bahia thiab sab qab teb. Ntawm sab xis ntawm sab xub ntiag, 40th, 4th Romanian thiab 27th pab tub rog tau nce mus txog 110-120 km thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 20 thiab hla ciam teb Hungarian ob peb hnub tom qab. Yog li, cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej sab laug tau yuam Tissa thiab nyob nrog tus choj loj, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub dav pem hauv ntej lawv mus txog tus dej, thiab ntawm sab xis yog tuaj ze ntawm tus dej.
Kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav, txawm hais tias nws tsis daws qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb. Nws tsis tuaj yeem thim Hungary los ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tau kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab Debrecen pawg, nce qib 130 - 275 km hauv ntau qhov haujlwm thiab tuav lub hauv paus loj ntawm tus dej Tissa, tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev txiav txim siab phem hauv Budapest kev coj. Thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, Sab Qaum Teb Transylvania tau raug tso dim nyob rau thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm Hungary. Cov tub rog German-Hungarian raug kev txom nyem hnyav, poob ntau dua 40 txhiab tus neeg raug kaw nkaus xwb. Ib qho ntxiv, cov phiaj xwm ntawm German hais kom tsim txoj kab ruaj khov ntawm kev tiv thaiv raws kab ntawm Transylvanian Alps tau thwarted. Cov tub rog German-Hungarian tau thim mus rau Hungarian Plain.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej yog qhov kev tawm ntawm lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Malinovsky pem hauv ntej mus rau tom qab ntawm Carpathian cov yeeb ncuab pawg tau tsim kev hem thawj loj rau cov tub rog German-Hungarian ntawm Carpathian ciam teb thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev dim ntawm Transcarpathian Rus. Thaum ib nrab Lub Kaum Hli 1944, German hais kom pib thim cov tub rog nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub chaw thiab sab laug tis ntawm 4th Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej. Qhov no tau tso cai rau cov tub rog ntawm 4th Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej, uas yav dhau los tau nyam ntawm tus yeeb ncuab txoj kab Carpathian uas muaj zog, txhawm rau caum tus yeeb ncuab thiab ua tiav kev ua haujlwm Carpathian-Uzhgorod, tso Mukachevo thiab Uzhgorod. Transcarpathian Rus (Ukraine) tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Soviet Ukraine, qhov no ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm thaj av Lavxias.
Ib qho ntxiv, nyob hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Debrecen kev ua haujlwm, kev nom kev tswv hauv Hungary tau hloov pauv. Hauv pab tub rog Hungarian, kev khiav tawm thiab kev khiav tawm mus rau ib sab ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tau hnyav dua. Thiab Horthy tsoomfwv tau sib tham ntau ntxiv nrog Tebchaws Askiv thiab Tebchaws Meskas, tau mus xaus qhov kev ua tsis ncaj ncees nrog USSR. Tseeb tiag, txoj kev nom tswv no tsis tau ua tiav. Qhov tsim nyog raug tso tawm thiab hloov los ntawm txoj cai-tis radical Salashi, uas txuas ntxiv kev ua tsov rog mus txog thaum kawg. Cov tub rog German ntxiv tau coj tuaj rau hauv Hungary.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Budapest (Lub Kaum Hli 29, 1944 - Lub Ob Hlis 13, 1945)
Kev tawm tsam ntawm Budapest pib yuav luag yam tsis muaj kev ncua. Twb tau nyob rau Lub Kaum Hli 29, cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Front tau tsoo tus yeeb ncuab. Kev ua haujlwm tau koom nrog cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej thiab kev tsim ntawm 3rd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej raws li cov lus txib ntawm Marshal ntawm Soviet Union Fyodor Tolbukhin. Tolbukhin cov tub rog tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm Belgrade (Belgrade ua haujlwm) thiab tau koom nrog hauv Hungary los koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam Budapest.
Lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tawm tsam nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ncig thiab kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab pawg Budapest, tso lub nroog Hungarian, kom thim Hungary los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, los tsim cov kev npaj ua ntej rau kev tshem tawm ntawm Czechoslovakia thiab Austria. Lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau xa mus rau sab laug tis ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej los ntawm Shlyomin's 46th Army, txhawb ntxiv los ntawm 2nd thiab 4th Guards Mechanized Corps. Shlemin cov tub rog tau nce mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Budapest, hla lub nroog thiab xav tias yuav coj lub peev Hungarian. Qhov thib ob tshuab los ntawm thaj tsam sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog Szolnok tau xa los ntawm Shumilov's 7th Guards Army thiab Kravchenko's 6th Guards Tank Army. Nws yuav tsum hla dhau Budapest los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Tus so ntawm cov tub rog pem hauv ntej tau muab txoj haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab hauv nruab nrab thiab ntawm sab xis sab xis, nce mus rau hauv kev coj ntawm Miskolc. Cov tub rog ntawm 3rd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej, tom qab ua tiav qhov kev mob siab rau ntawm cov tub rog nyob hauv thaj chaw Banat, yuav tsum tau nqa tus choj hla ntawm sab xis ntawm ntug dej Danube hauv Hungary thiab tsim kev tawm tsam sab hnub poob thiab sab qaum teb.
Cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam los ntawm Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb thiab cov tub rog Hungarian. Cov tub rog German-Hungarian tso siab rau thaj tsam muaj zog Budapest thiab peb kab kev tiv thaiv. Adolf Hitler txuas qhov tseem ceeb rau Hungary. Cov peev txheej roj kawg tau nyob ntawm no. Nws txawm hais tias nws yuav zoo dua muab Berlin ntau dua li Hungarian roj thiab Austria. Yog li ntawd, cov xov tooj ntawm tes muaj zog tau mob siab rau hauv Hungary, suav nrog xaiv SS pab tub rog. Hauv Hungary, Cov Neeg Germans thiab Hungarians tau mus nres Soviet cov tub rog, tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob mus ntxiv.
Tank thiab infantry units ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej ntawm Budapest
Soviet ua phem pab pawg ntawm Lieutenant L. S. Brynina hauv kev sib ntaus hauv txoj kev hauv Budapest
Muab xam los ntawm Soviet 122-mm howitzer M-30 hauv kev sib ntaus rau Budapest. Ntawm sab xis, koj tuaj yeem pom tus choj Erzsebet, tshuab los ntawm pab tub rog German, txuas nrog Buda thiab Kab Tsuag.
Cov tub rog ntawm 3rd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej kev sib ntaus rau Budapest
Sab laug sab laug ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tsoo los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv hauv Budapest kev coj, qhov twg cov tub rog Hungarian tau tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2 tau mus los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau ze rau Budapest. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv ua tsis tau lub nroog. Cov lus txib German tau hloov 14 kev sib cais (suav nrog 3 lub tank thiab ib lub tsheb sib cais ua haujlwm) mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Hungarian peev thiab, tso siab rau ua ntej cov cuab yeej muaj zog tiv thaiv, nres Soviet kev tawm tsam. Kev hais kom Soviet tshem tawm qhov kev tawm tsam hauv Budapest cov lus qhia thiab txuas ntxiv nws hauv lwm qhov haujlwm ntawm hauv ntej. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tawv ncauj thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 11-26, Cov tub rog Soviet tsoo dhau los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv ntawm Tisza thiab Danube thiab nce mus txog 100 kilometers nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob. Cov tub rog Soviet tau mus txog kab tiv thaiv sab nrauv ntawm lub peev Hungarian.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5, cov tub rog ntawm lub hauv paus thiab sab laug tis ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Front rov pib ua phem rau Budapest. Chav nyob ntawm 7th Tus Saib Xyuas, 6th Guards Tank Army thiab Pliev cov pab pawg cavalry mus txog Danube sab qaum teb ntawm Budapest thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 9. Vim li ntawd, cov yeeb ncuab pawg Budapest tau txiav tawm txoj kev khiav tawm mus rau sab qaum teb. Ntawm sab laug, Schlemin's 46th Army hla Danube sab qab teb ntawm Budapest. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Soviet tsis tuaj yeem nqa Budapest lub sijhawm no ib yam nkaus. Cov neeg Germans thiab Hungarians nres Soviet pab tub rog ntawm "Kab Margarita". Cov lus txib German, nrog 250,000 tus tub rog nyob hauv cheeb tsam Budapest. cov pab pawg, uas vam khom rau lub zog ruaj khov ntawm kev tiv thaiv, tuav rov qab Soviet kev tawm tsam. Cov tub rog German thiab Hungarian ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav, kev sib ntaus sib tua coj tus yam ntxwv tawv ncauj heev. Cov lus txib hauv tebchaws Soviet tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv raug ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lub zog (qhov no yog vim muaj qhov tsis txaus hauv kev txawj ntse) thiab tsis tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas tus yeeb ncuab lub peev xwm kom raug. Ntawm txoj cai tis ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej, Soviet pab tub rog nyob Miskolc thiab mus txog ciam teb ntawm Czechoslovakia.
Lub sijhawm no, Lub Rooj Sab Laj thib 3 hauv tebchaws Ukrainian (peb lub tebchaws Soviet thiab ib lub tebchaws Bulgarian sib koom ua ke thiab ib pab tub rog) koom nrog kev tawm tsam rau Hungary. Tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm Belgrade, Soviet pab tub rog, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm Danube Flotilla, hla Danube thiab nce mus rau Velence thiab Balaton pas dej. Ntawm no lawv koom nrog pab pawg thib 2 Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej.
Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 10-20, 1944, ob pab tub rog tau npaj rau qhov kev tawm tsam tshiab. Cov tub rog Soviet tau ua tiav qhov kev ncig thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm Budapest pawg los ntawm kev tshuab los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb hnub poob, thiab tso lub nroog Hungary. Cov tub rog ntawm ob sab, kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab hnyav (German-Hungarian rog muaj 51 lub tebchaws German thiab Hungarian sib faib thiab 2 pab tub rog, suav nrog 13 lub tank thiab cov tsav tsheb), tau hloov pauv hauv cov lus qhia thiab, tom qab 6 hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, koom ua ke hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub nroog Esztergom. Cov tub rog German tau tawm tsam, tab sis raug swb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, 188 txhiab tus neeg tau nyob ib puag ncig 50-60 km sab hnub poob ntawm Budapest. pawg yeeb ncuab.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj ntshav ntxiv, Soviet cov lus txib tau xa cov neeg sawv cev nrog qhov kev thov kom swb. Tus tauj ncov loj Ilya Ostapenko pawg tau raug xa mus rau Buda, thiab tus thawj coj Miklos Steinmetz raug xa mus rau Kab Tsuag. Cov neeg German tau tua tus neeg sawv cev Soviet. Yog li, Budapest, nrog nws ntau dua ib lab cov pej xeem, los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm German cov lus txib thiab tsoomfwv Salash, uas nws tus kheej tau khiav tawm hauv nroog, tau tag sijhawm los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav uas ntau txhiab tus neeg pej xeem tuag. Cov lus txib German tsis tau tso tseg Hungary thiab txuas ntxiv txhim kho Pawg Tub Rog Sab Qab Teb. Txhawm rau tuav Hungary, 37 kev sib faib tau raug pauv, uas tau tshem tawm los ntawm cov haujlwm hauv nruab nrab (Berlin txoj kev taw qhia) ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab lwm yam lus qhia. Thaum pib xyoo 1945, 16 lub tank thiab cov tsheb sib cais tau sib koom ua ke sab qab teb ntawm Carpathians. Qhov no yog ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog German nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj. Cov neeg German tsis tau muaj qhov sib xws ntawm cov tub rog tank hauv ib qho kev qhia ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj.
Lub tank hnyav German Pz. Kpfw. VI Ausf. B "Royal Tiger" ntawm 503rd lub nkoj ntaus rog hauv Budapest
Ua kom puas thiab hlawv tawm lub tank hnyav Pz. Kpfw. VI Ua. E "Tsov" los ntawm 3rd Panzer Regiment ntawm 3rd SS Panzer Division "Death's Head". Lake Balaton cheeb tsam.
German Panzergrenadiers ntawm Sd. Kfz. 251 hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog Soviet
Ua kom puas lub Hungarian teeb lub tank 38M "Toldi Kuv" los ntawm qhov thib ob Hungarian lub tank faib faib hauv Budapest. Ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau - Lub tank nruab nrab Hungarian 41M Turan II
Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau txuas ntxiv hauv Hungary. Cov lus hais hauv tebchaws German tau sim ua kom thaiv cov pawg Budapest puag ncig nrog kev tawm tsam muaj zog. Cov tub rog German-Hungarian tau pib peb lub zog tawm tsam. Hauv qee kis, muaj 50-60 German tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau 1 km ntawm ntu kev ua tiav. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2-6, 1945, Cov tub rog German tau nce mus txog 30-40 km raws txoj cai ntawm ntug dej Danube. Tshwj xeeb yog qhov muaj zog yog kev tawm tsam thaum Lub Ib Hlis 18-26 (kev tawm tsam thib peb) los ntawm thaj tsam sab qaum teb ntawm Lake Balaton. Cov neeg German tau tuaj yeem tshem tawm ib ntus thib 3 Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej thiab mus txog rau sab hnub poob ntawm ntug dej Danube.
Txhawm rau nres tus yeeb ncuab kev tawm tsam, tus thawj coj ntawm thib 3 Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej, Marshal Tolbukhin, tau siv kev paub dhau los ntawm Tsov Rog Kursk. Cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws tau tsim kev tiv thaiv qhov tob nrog qhov tob ntawm 25-50 km. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tau ua los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav, uas tau qhia tawm lub sijhawm txav ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog, nrog rau rab phom loj thiab dav hlau, uas tau npaj ua ntej kev tawm tsam hauv kev hem thawj. Los ntawm kev sib koom tes ua haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog thib 3 thiab thib 2 ntawm lub tebchaws Ukrainian, cov yeeb ncuab txoj kev kov yeej tau raug tshem tawm. Txog thaum pib Lub Ob Hlis, pem hauv ntej tau ruaj khov, cov neeg German tau siv lawv lub peev xwm ua phem.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum cov tub rog German tau sim ua kom tsis txhob muaj pawg Budapest, ib feem ntawm cov rog ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej - tshwj xeeb tau tsim Budapest pab pawg ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv kev hais kom ua ntawm Tus Thawj Coj General Ivan Afonin, thiab thaj tsam ntawm nws raug mob, Ivan Managarov (3 rab phom loj, 9 rab phom loj), cua daj cua dub Budapest. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tawv ncauj. Tsuas yog Lub Ib Hlis 18 lawv puas coj mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog - Kab Tsuag, thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 13 - Kuv yuav. Kwv yees li 140 txhiab tus yeeb ncuab tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm tau raug kaw.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Cov tub rog Soviet nyob ib puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem yuav luag 190,000 pab pawg yeeb ncuab, tso ob feem peb ntawm lub tebchaws thiab coj Budapest los ntawm cua daj cua dub. Thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntev (108 hnub), 40 pawg thiab 3 pawg tub rog tau swb, 8 kev sib faib thiab 5 pawg tub rog tau raug puas tsuaj tag.
Kev ua tiav kev ua tiav ntawm Budapest kev ua haujlwm tau hloov pauv txhua qhov xwm txheej zoo ntawm sab qab teb tis ntawm Soviet-German pem hauv ntej. Sab qab teb flank ntawm cov tub rog German tau nkag mus tob. Cov lus txib German tau yuam kom nrawm tshem cov tub rog los ntawm Yugoslavia. Cov tub rog ntawm 2nd thiab 3rd Ukrainian fronts tau tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev dim ntawm Czechoslovakia thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm Vienna.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 22, Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Hungary tau tsim. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 28, Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg tau tshaj tawm lub tebchaws tshem tawm kev ua tsov rog nyob rau sab Germany. Hungary tau tshaj tawm kev ua tsov rog rau lub tebchaws Yelemes. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 20, 1945, Cov neeg sawv cev Hungarian hauv Moscow tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus ua rog. Kev ywj pheej ntawm Hungary los ntawm Soviet pab tub rog thwarted cov phiaj xwm ntawm London thiab Washington siv Hungary thaj chaw hauv lawv tus kheej nyiam.
