Ottoman pirates, admirals, cov neeg taug kev thiab cov neeg sau duab

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Ottoman pirates, admirals, cov neeg taug kev thiab cov neeg sau duab
Ottoman pirates, admirals, cov neeg taug kev thiab cov neeg sau duab

Video: Ottoman pirates, admirals, cov neeg taug kev thiab cov neeg sau duab

Video: Ottoman pirates, admirals, cov neeg taug kev thiab cov neeg sau duab
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Duab
Duab

Hauv kab lus yav dhau los, peb tau tham txog qee lub npe nrov corsairs thiab kev qhuas ntawm Maghreb thiab Ottoman Empire. Tam sim no peb yuav txuas ntxiv zaj dab neeg no. Ua ntej, tham txog ob tus neeg tsav nkoj Turkish nto moo uas tau nto npe tsis yog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis tseem tshuav qhov cim tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb, ntaub ntawv thiab kab lis kev cai.

Piri rov

Ahmet ibn-i el-Hajj Mehmet el-Karamani, paub zoo dua li Piri Reis, tsis yog tsuas yog tus kws kos duab nto moo, tab sis kuj tseem yog tus thawj tub rog ntawm lub nkoj Turkish, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Hiav Txwv Dej Hiav Txwv raws Suez.

Ottoman pirates, admirals, cov neeg taug kev thiab cov neeg sau duab
Ottoman pirates, admirals, cov neeg taug kev thiab cov neeg sau duab

Nws tau yug los hauv 1470 thiab yog tus tub ntawm Ottoman admiral Kemal-Reis, tib tus uas, los ntawm Sultan Bayezid II, ntawm lub nkoj ntawm nws pab tub rog, tau khiav tawm ib feem ntawm cov neeg Yudais los ntawm Spain uas raug yuam kom tawm hauv lub teb chaws tom qab Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Granada tau tshaj tawm los ntawm cov vaj ntxwv Catholic Isabella thiab Ferdinand thiab tuag hauv kev puas tsuaj nkoj hauv xyoo 1511.

Ntawm lub nkoj ntawm Kemal Reis, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17, peb tus phab ej tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam Malaga thiab kom txog thaum tuag ntawm tus thawj tub rog no (1511) tau sib ntaus sib tua hauv hiav txwv nrog Spaniards, Venetians thiab Genoese, thiab tom qab ntawd txog 1516 tau koom nrog cartographic ua haujlwm. Ib feem ntawm nws thawj daim npav, luam tawm xyoo 1513, tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim ntawv thib 8 series 10 lire banknote, uas tau nthuav tawm los ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2005 txog Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2009:

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Duab

Nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, Kitab-i-bakhriye (Phau Ntawv Seas), tau luam tawm xyoo 1521: nws yog daim ntawv uas muaj 130 cov lus piav qhia thiab cov duab qhia chaw ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Mediterranean thiab chaw nres nkoj. Xyoo 1526, daim ntawv nthuav dav ntawm daim ntawv tau luam tawm, uas twb muaj 210 daim duab qhia chaw lawm. Kev ua haujlwm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab txhawb nqa kev hwm, txij li hauv nws txoj haujlwm Piri Reis tau kawm txog ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog cov qub (hnub tim ntxov tshaj plaws rau xyoo pua 4 BC) thiab cov uas tsis muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm. Ib qho ntxiv, Piri Reis nws tus kheej qhia tias nws siv cov duab qhia chaw uas muaj nyob ntawm cov nkoj Spanish thiab Portuguese (suav nrog cov uas raug ntes hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Khab), cov ntawv qhia Arabic, nrog rau daim ntawv theej ntawm Columbus daim ntawv qhia, qhov qub uas tau ploj lawm..

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Duab

Piri Reis (lossis tus sau tsis paub ntawm daim duab qhia chaw uas siv los ntawm nws) cov tswv yim raug hais txog cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb yog qhov xav tsis thoob rau cov kws sau keeb kwm niaj hnub no. Thiab qee daim duab qhia chaw no, uas piav txog ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Brazil, Andes, Falkland Islands tuaj thiab txawm tias tus qauv ntawm Antarctica, raug suav tias yog cuav los ntawm ntau keeb kwm. Tab sis ntawm cov seem ntawm daim duab qhia chaw qub sau npe ntawm Piri Reis tau raug khaws cia, uas thaum kawg ua rau qhov xwm txheej tsis meej pem.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog "daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Antarctica" ua suab nrov heev. Ntawm nws, txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj Drake Passage, tsis muaj dej khov, muaj cov duab ntawm hav dej, hav zoov thiab tsiaj txhu, tab sis cov qauv qhia ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Ntxhais fuabtais Martha, Poj huab tais Maud Land thiab Palmer Peninsula yog qhov pom tau zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub ntseeg tias daim ntawv qhia pom yog ib feem ntawm lwm qhov, thiab "nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb" ntawm daim ntawv qhia "loj" uas ploj lawm yuav tsum yog Cairo lossis Alexandria. Yog li ntawd, nws tau hais qhia tias lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog daim duab qhia chaw los ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv Alexandria nto moo uas tsis muaj txoj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm.

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Duab

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov ntawv uas nws tsis yog Antarctica uas tau piav qhia hauv daim duab qhia chaw no, tab sis sab hnub tuaj ntawm South America (me ntsis txawv), ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Central America (tseem yog sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv) lossis sab qab teb Asia nrog Nyij Pooj.

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Duab

Xyoo 1516, Piri Reis rov qab mus rau lub nkoj, koom nrog hauv kev kov yeej Egypt thiab Rhodes, koom tes nrog Khair ad Din Barbarossa thiab Kurdoglu Reis. Xyoo 1524, nws yog nws lub nkoj uas Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasha tau xaiv taug kev mus rau Egypt.

Xyoo 1547, tom qab tau txais qib admiral "Reis", nws raug xa mus rau Suez, qhov uas nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Hiav Txwv Hiav Txwv Indian.

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Nws ua rau ntau qhov kev swb loj rau cov neeg Portuguese, nyob hauv Aden, Muscat, Qatar Peninsula thiab cov Islands tuaj ntawm Kish, Hormuz thiab Bahrain, yuam cov Portuguese thim tawm ntawm Arabian Peninsula.

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Duab

Txhawm rau tsis ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Sultan, Piri Reis tau raug tua thaum muaj hnub nyoog 84 xyoos, tab sis niaj hnub no Turkey txaus siab rau nws, nws lub npe tau muab rau thawj lub nkoj Turkish ua lub nkoj pib thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2019.

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Duab

Sadie Ali-rhais

Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nto moo ntawm Preveza, uas tau piav qhia hauv kab lus "Islamic pirates of the Mediterranean", sab xis ntawm txoj kev yeej ntawm Khair ad-Din Barbarossa tau coj los ntawm Salah Reis (piav qhia hauv kab lus "Great Islamic Admirals of Mediterranean "). Sab laug tau hais los ntawm Seydi Ali Reis.

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Nws tau yug los hauv Galata hauv 1498, nws yawg ua tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog tub rog, nws txiv yog tus saib xyuas ntawm Bahriye Dârü's -Sınaası (txhais tau tias - ib yam zoo li "qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam tub rog). Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas tus tub mus rau ntu no - nws tau pib nws txoj haujlwm pabcuam hauv lub nkoj tub rog. Xyoo 1522 nws tau koom nrog kev tiv thaiv Rhodes, uas tau xaus nrog kev ntiab tawm Hospitallers los ntawm cov kob no. Tom qab ntawd nws tau ua haujlwm raws li cov lus txib ntawm Sinan Pasha thiab Turgut Reis (lawv tau piav qhia hauv kab lus "Cov thwjtim" ntawm Khair ad-Din Barbarossa ").

Seidi-Ali tau txais tus thawj tub rog tshaj tawm qhov kawg ntawm 1552, thaum nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Hiav Txwv Hiav Txwv Indian.

Tuaj txog hauv Basra (chaw nres nkoj hauv Persian Gulf), nws tau teeb tsa kho thiab ua kom zoo ntawm 15 lub nkoj nrog rab phom tshiab, uas tom qab ntawd yuav raug xa mus rau Suez. Nws tau tso lub nkoj ntawm pab pawg no, nws tau mus rau hauv hiav txwv nrog lawv, thiab tom qab 10 hnub nws tau sib tsoo nrog lub nkoj Portuguese, uas suav nrog 25 lub nkoj, ntawm uas yog 4 lub nkoj loj loj, 3 galleons, 6 lub nkoj saib xyuas thiab 12 cov galleys. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau xaus rau hauv kev kos, ntau lub nkoj tau raug mob hnyav, ib qho ntawm Portuguese Galleons tau poob. Nrog qhov pib ntawm kev tsaus ntuj, cov tub rog tau tawg mus, thiab tsis ntshai nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tshiab.

Kev sib cav tshiab nrog cov neeg Portuguese tau tshwm sim 18 hnub tom qab: tus tub ntawm Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Portuguese ntawm Muscat (Oman), ntawm lub taub hau ntawm 34 lub nkoj, tau tawm tsam cov tub rog Ottoman uas raug tsoo lawm. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no, txhua sab poob 5 lub nkoj. Ob peb hnub tom qab, Seydi-Ali-Reis nqa cov nkoj uas seem mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj Gwadar (tam sim no yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev Pakistani niaj hnub ntawm Baluchistan), qhov uas nws tau txais kev sov siab los ntawm cov neeg hauv zos thiab thaum kawg muaj peev xwm ua zaub mov thiab dej tshiab. Ntawm txoj kev mus rau Yemen, pawg tub rog tau raug cua daj cua dub uas tau kav 10 hnub thiab nqa lawv tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Is Nrias teb. Lawv muaj peev xwm tso chaw deb li ob mais ntawm lub nroog Daman. Thaum muaj cua daj cua dub no, cov nkoj tau txais kev puas tsuaj uas nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem kho tau: raws li Seydi-Ali, nws tsuas yog qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb uas lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lawv. Los ntawm kev pom zoo nrog tus thawj coj ntawm Gujarat (tam sim no yog lub xeev nyob rau sab hnub poob Is Nrias teb), cov nkoj nrog txhua yam riam phom tau xa mus rau cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog hauv kev sib pauv rau txoj cai ntawm kev txav dawb thiab cog lus tias yuav them nyiaj rau lawv, tsis yog Admiral Seydi- Ali, tab sis rau cov tub ceev xwm chaw nres nkoj. Coob leej ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj Ottoman tau mus rau hauv kev pabcuam ntawm lub nroog sultan, ntawm lub taub hau ntawm Seydi-Ali-reis ntxiv mus rau Surat. Los ntawm qhov ntawd nws tau pib nws txoj kev taug kev hla tebchaws (uas tau kav ob xyoos thiab peb lub hlis) mus rau Constantinople: hla Delhi, Kabul, Samarkand, Bukhara, Iraq, Anatolia.

Suleiman qhov zoo nkauj Seydi-Ali-reis tau coj cov ntawv los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm 18 lub xeev, uas nws tau mus ntsib thaum nws taug kev.

Tus neeg Sultan lees txais nws qhov kev thov txim rau kev poob ntawm lub nkoj, xaj nws cov nyiaj hli kom them rau 4 xyoos, thiab tau xaiv tus muteferrik rau hauv tsev hais plaub txoj haujlwm, uas xav tias yog nyiaj hli txhua hnub ntawm 80 ahche.

Tab sis txawm li cas los xij tus thawj tub rog no tau los ua neeg nto moo tsis yog rau nws kev pabcuam tub rog, tab sis rau phau ntawv "Daim iav ntawm Lub Tebchaws", txhais ua ntau yam lus: qhov no yog kev piav qhia ntawm nws txoj kev mus zoo, uas tsis tau poob nws keeb kwm thiab kev sau ntawv tseem ceeb hauv peb lub sijhawm.

Sadi Ali kuj tseem paub tias yog tus sau ntau zaj paj huam sau nyob rau hauv pseudonym Katib-i Rumi (Phau Ntawv ntawm Sab Hnub Poob).

"Thawj" (Senior) Murat-Reis

Lwm tus tub rog zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Maghreb tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg Albanian xyoo 1534 - ib qho ntawm cov kob Rhodes, lossis hauv Albania. Thaum tus tub muaj 12 xyoos, nws, zoo li Giovanni Galeni, raug ntes los ntawm ib tus thawj coj ntawm Barbary pirates - qee yam Kara Ali, thiab, tseem tau hloov mus rau Islam, koom nrog corsairs. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj lwm qhov ntxiv, raws li Murat tau koom nrog cov tub rog ntawm kev yeem, thiab tsis yog rau leej twg, tab sis tam sim ntawd rau Turgut-Reis. Nws kuj tseem paub tias qee lub sijhawm Murat tau ua haujlwm ntawm Piri-Reis lub nkoj.

Thawj ntawm Murat kev ywj pheej raids tsis ua tiav - nws lub nkoj poob ntawm cov pob zeb - xyoo 1565. Tab sis twb dhau los ntawm kev tua zaum ob, nws ntes peb lub nkoj Spanish.

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Duab

Ntxiv mus, nws tau ua tus saib xyuas Uluja-Ali, uas tau dhau los ua tus kav Algeria. Xyoo 1570, ntawm lub taub hau ntawm 25 galleys, nws tau koom nrog hauv kev ntes ntawm qhov kawg Venetian fortress hauv Cyprus - Famagusta.

Xyoo 1578, Murat Reis, txib ib pab tub rog ntawm 8 Galiots, tawm tsam ob lub nkoj loj Sicilian tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Calabria, ntes ib tus ntawm lawv thiab, yuam lub chij (ntawm lub nkoj uas yog Duke of Terra Nova), pov nws tus kheej mus rau pob zeb. Xyoo 1585, nws, thawj ntawm Algerian pirates, mus rau Atlantic, mus ntsib Moroccan Salé thiab tawm tsam Lanzarote, sab qaum teb tshaj plaws ntawm Canary Islands: nws ntes peb puas tus neeg raug kaw, suav nrog tus tswv xeev.

Xyoo 1589 nws yeej kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog tsev kho mob "La Serena", uas yog tus coj lub nkoj Turkish thauj mus rau Malta.

Tom qab ntawd, Murat-Reis tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub nkoj loj ntawm Algeria.

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Xyoo 1594, Murat, hais kom plaub lub me galiots, ntes ob Tuscan galleases.

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Tus tub rog tub rog no tuag nyob rau xyoo 1609, thaum nws lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua nrog pab tub rog ntawm 10 Fab Kis thiab Maltese lub nkoj, ntawm qhov uas yog nto moo "Galleono Rossa" - 90 -rab phom sib ntaus galleon hu ua "Rosso inferno" ("Red Hell") lossis "Infernal Red"). Tom qab ntawd 6 tawm ntawm 10 tus yeeb ncuab nkoj raug ntes, suav nrog "Red Galleon", 160 rab phom thiab 2,000 rab phom, nrog rau 500 tus neeg tsav nkoj thiab tub rog, tab sis Murat-Reis raug mob tuag. Tus thawj tub rog tuag ntawm txoj kev mus rau Cyprus thiab, raws li nws lub siab nyiam, tau raug faus rau ntawm cov kob Rhodes.

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Nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv, ib lub submarines tau muaj npe hauv nws lub meej mom.

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Pib Pasha

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Lwm tus neeg qhuas loj ntawm tebchaws Ottoman, Piyale Mehmed Paşa, yog Hungarian lossis Croat, yug hauv Hungary xyoo 1515. Nws tuaj rau Turkey thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus (tej zaum tom qab Kev Sib Tw ntawm Mohacs - Lub Yim Hli 29, 1526), tau hloov pauv mus rau Islam thiab ua rau kev ua haujlwm kiv taub hau, dhau los ua tus neeg thib peb hauv lub tebchaws.

Tus tub, pom tseeb, tau dhau los ua neeg txawj ntse thiab muaj txuj ci, vim tias nws tau raug xa mus rau Enderun, lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob hauv thaj av thib peb ntawm Topkapi palace complex, qhov uas muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws "cov tub hluas txawv teb chaws" tau kawm los ntawm kev kov yeej cov ntseeg lub teb chaws raws li "devshirme" system (qhov no tau hais txog hauv kab lus "Janissaries thiab Bektashi").

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Kev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau hnyav heev thiab suav nrog xya theem: "Lub Tsev Me", "Chav Loj", "Sokolnichy Chamber", "Chamber Military", "House of Economy", "Treasury Chamber" thiab, qib siab tshaj plaws - " Cov chav nyob "… Cov tub ntxhais kawm tau nce ntxiv raws cov kauj ruam no, muaj koob npe ntau dua txoj haujlwm uas nws tau ua tom qab.

Cov kawm tiav ntawm "Tub Rog Tub Rog" feem ntau raug xa mus ua haujlwm hauv chav sipahs. Cov neeg uas kawm tiav los ntawm "Lub Tsev ntawm Kev Lag Luam" tau koom nrog kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag ntawm lub tsev thiab cov tsev teev ntuj, lossis raug xa mus ua haujlwm hauv cov tub rog tiv thaiv tub rog (kapi kullari - qhev tus kheej ntawm Sultan). Cov kawm tiav ntawm "Lub Tsev Txhab Nyiaj Txiag" los ua cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev, lossis tseem raug xa mus rau Sultan Tus Saib Xyuas. Cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau kawm tiav hauv chav ntawm "Cov chav tshwj xeeb" tau dhau los ua nplooj ntawv laus, tus kws tshaj lij, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Sultan, lossis cov neeg caij nees. Peb tus phab ej, hla txhua kauj ruam ntawm Enderun, thiab xyoo 1547 peb pom nws hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm kapyjibashi - lub taub hau ntawm kev ruaj ntseg sab hauv ntawm Sultan lub tsev. Lub sijhawm no nws muaj 32 xyoos. Pom zoo tias hauv Hungary tus tub no, tus tub ntawm tus kws tsim khau tsis zoo, yuav tsis npau suav txog txoj haujlwm no.

Suleiman Kuv (Zoo Tshaj Plaws) feem ntau txaus siab rau tus neeg qhuas no heev thiab hauv 1566 txawm tias yuav nws tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv rau nws - tus ntxhais ntawm shehzade (lub npe ntawm tus tub lossis tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Sultan), yav tom ntej Sultan Selim II (nws lub npe yog Gevkheri Mulyuk Sultan), uas yog kev hwm tsis txaus ntseeg.

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Selim yog tus tub ntawm "poj niam tuag ntawm lub tebchaws Ottoman"-Roksolana (Khyurrem Haseki-Sultan), thiab hauv Turkey nws tau hu ua "Fair-haired". Tab sis nws tau poob qis hauv keeb kwm raws li lub npe menyuam yaus "Drunkard".

Tsis tau pom dua Roxolana, Titian txiav txim siab tias nws yuav tsum zoo li no:

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Tab sis xws li Suleiman thiab Roksolana tshwm sim ua ntej peb hauv kev kos duab los ntawm tus kws kos duab tsis paub (txog 1550):

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Cov ntawv sau rau ntawm daim duab ntxaib no nyeem:

"La piu bella e la piu favorita donna del gran Turcho dita la Rossa" (Tus poj niam zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm Great Turk, Lavxias).

Thiab qhov no yog kab lus los ntawm TV series "The Magnificent Century":

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Tab sis rov qab mus rau qhov ua siab loj admiral thiab tus tub-hauv-txoj cai ntawm Ottoman sultans, Piyale Pasha.

Xyoo 1554, Piiale tau raug tsa Pasha ntawm Galipoli, ua ke nrog Turgut Reis tau tawm tsam cov kob ntawm Elba thiab Corsica, thiab xyoo 1555 nws tau hais kom pab tub rog Turkish ua haujlwm hauv kev koom tes nrog Fab Kis cov nkoj.

Xyoo 1556, nws pab tub rog tau ntes Oran thiab Tlemcen, xyoo 1557 - Bizerte, xyoo 1558 - cov kob ntawm Majorca, qhov uas ntau tus ntseeg raug kaw. Hauv tib lub xyoo, ua yeeb yam ua ke nrog Turgut Reis, nws tau ntes lub nroog Reggio di Calabria.

Qhov kev hem thawj rau Mediterranean ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov tebchaws ntseeg tau zoo heev uas ntawm kev pib ntawm huab tais Spanish Philip II, kev sib koom tes tau tsim, uas tau koom nrog los ntawm koom pheej ntawm Genoa, Grand Duchy ntawm Tuscany, thaj av papal thiab Hospitaller Order. Lub Duke ntawm Medinaceli, Viceroy ntawm Sicily, tau raug xaiv los hais kom cov nkoj Spanish. Cov neeg Spaniards tau coj los ntawm Giovanni Andrea Doria - tus tub ntawm tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Genoese admiral nto moo (Andrea Doria, nws tau piav qhia hauv kab lus dhau los). Tom qab ntawd, Giovanni yuav koom nrog hauv Battle of Lepanto.

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Kev tsaws tsaws (kwv yees li 14 txhiab tus tib neeg) tau tsaws ntawm cov kob ntawm Djerba, Turkish fort Bordj el-Kebir poob, cov sheikhs ntawm Djerba tau lees paub lub zog ntawm Philip II thiab pom zoo rau qhov khoom plig ntawm 6 txhiab Ecu. Txawm li cas los xij, cov phoojywg tsis muaj sijhawm txaus siab rau lawv txoj kev yeej kom raug: thaum lub Tsib Hlis 11, lub nkoj ntawm Piiale Pasha tau mus txog Djerba, uas suav nrog lub nkoj ntawm Turgut Reis.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tub rog tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 14 hauv qhov nqaim ze ntawm Kerkenna Islands: cov pab pawg sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntseeg tau xyaum ua puas tsuaj. Ob lub hlis tom qab, Cov tub rog European tau swb rau Djerba. Kwv yees li 5,000 tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm tau raug kaw, suav nrog Don Sancho de Levia (tus thawj coj ntawm Sicily), pawg tub rog ntawm Naples Don Berenger Keckennes thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Spanish garrison ntawm Djerba don Alvare de Sande, uas tom qab tsis lees paub qhov kev lees paub, tau lees paub Islam, los coj pab tub rog Turkish hauv kev ua rog nrog Persia. Qhov kev kov yeej Piyale Pasha no tau dhau los ntawm kev liam ntawm Grand Vizier Rustem Pasha tias tus thawj tub rog tsis tau muab Duke Medinaceli Gaston tus tub rau tus tub ceev xwm hauv tebchaws Ottoman kom tau txais tus nqe txhiv rau nws tus kheej. Tab sis tus vizier tuag, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav tsis tau ua tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, xyoo 1565 tus thawj tswj hwm ua tiav tau raug xaiv los ntawm kapudan pasha. Lawv hais tias tom qab ntawd nws pom nws niam thiab coj nws mus rau Constantinople, qhov chaw nws nyob, tseem tshuav ib tug ntseeg.

Raws li kapudan pasha, nws tau coj kev ntoj ke mus rau Malta (Great Siege of Malta). Seraksir (tus thawj coj-hauv-tus thawj ntawm cov tub rog hauv av) nws muaj Kizilakhmetli Mustafa Pasha, me ntsis tom qab tuaj txog Turgut-Reis, leej twg yuav tuag thaum raug kaw ntawm Fort St. Elm.

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Nws tsis muaj peev xwm ntes Malta thaum ntawd.

"Tsuas yog nrog kuv kuv cov tub rog ua tiav kev yeej!", - Sultan Suleiman tau hais rau lub sijhawm no.

Seraskir ntawm qhov kev ntoj ke mus kawm tau raug txo qis, tab sis Piyale Pasha tsis poob txoj haujlwm ntawm Sultan. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis ntawm xyoo tom ntej, nws tau ntes cov Islands tuaj ntawm Chios thiab Naxos yam tsis muaj kev sib ntaus, thiab tom qab ntawd plundered ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Apulia.

Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1566, Sultan Suleiman tuag, nws tus tub Selim tau nce lub zwm txwv ntawm tebchaws Ottoman (nco qab tias Piyale Pasha tau sib yuav rau nws tus ntxhais).

Duab
Duab

Thaum lub sijhawm nws kav lub nroog Constantinople, lwm qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov janissaries tau tawg, leej twg pov Piyale Pasha, uas tau mus rau lawv rau kev sib tham, los ntawm nws tus nees. Lawv tau nyob ntsiag to tsuas yog tom qab tau txais cov nyiaj tseem ceeb ua "khoom plig" thiab ua tiav cov nyiaj hli nce ntxiv. Ib qho ntxiv, Piyale Pasha raug yuam kom tso tus Thawj Coj ntawm Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Nkoj mus rau Hnub Nyoog Janissary Muezzinzade Ali Pasha. Nws yog nws uas tau hais kom lub nkoj Ottoman nyob hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lepanto (1571), thiab, raws li ntau tus, nws tsis muaj peev xwm yog ib qho laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev swb:

"Tus thawj coj loj ntawm lub nkoj Ottoman hauv nws lub neej tsis tau hais kom ua lub nkoj rowing", - sau rau lub sijhawm no tus kws sau keeb kwm Turkish ntawm xyoo pua 17th Kyatib elebi.

(Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lepanto tau piav qhia hauv kab lus "Tus Great Islamic Admirals ntawm Mediterranean.")

Tab sis rov qab mus rau Piyale Pasha. Tom qab tau txais txoj haujlwm thib ob, tom qab swb ntawm Lepanto, nws, nrog Uluj Reis, ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab thiab hloov kho ntawm lub nkoj Ottoman. Lub sijhawm kawg uas tus thawj tub rog no tau mus rau hiav txwv yog xyoo 1573, thaum cov neeg Ottomans rov plundered ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Apulia. Nws tuag hauv Constantinople - Lub Ib Hlis 21, 1578.

Duab
Duab

Kev tuag ntawm cov neeg muaj suab npe nrov tshaj plaws thiab txaus ntshai ntawm Maghreb thiab cov neeg qhuas loj ntawm tebchaws Ottoman tsis tau txhim kho qhov xwm txheej ntawm lawv cov neeg sib tw - cov ntseeg. Yog li, yog xyoo 1581 lub nkoj Algerian muaj 26 lub nkoj, tom qab ntawd xyoo 1616 muaj 40 lub nkoj hauv Algerian sib ntaus sib tua. Nws tau muab faib ua 2 pawg: thawj, ntawm 18 lub nkoj, caij nkoj tawm ntawm Malaga, qhov thib ob (22 lub nkoj) tswj lub hiav txwv nruab nrab ntawm Lisbon thiab Seville.

Raws li kev suav ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no, tsuas yog lus Askiv thiab Scottish cov tub lag luam nkoj los ntawm 1606 txog 1609. Barbary pirates ntes tsawg kawg 466. Los ntawm 1613 thiab 1622. Algerian corsairs ib leeg ntes tau 963 lub nkoj (suav nrog 447 Dutch thiab 253 Fabkis). Thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1625 txog 1630, lawv tau ntes lwm 600 lub nkoj. Catholic pov thawj Pierre Dan tshaj tawm tias xyoo 1634 muaj 25 txhiab tus ntseeg nyob hauv txoj haujlwm qhev hauv Algeria, hauv Tunisia muaj 7 txhiab tus, hauv Tripoli - los ntawm 4 txog 5 txhiab, hauv Sal - txog 1.5 txhiab tus neeg.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 17th, ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Apulia thiab Calabria tau ua suab puam; nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, cov neeg hauv cheeb tsam muaj kev pheej hmoo feem ntau yog tub sab cuam tshuam txog "kev lag luam" ntawm cov tub sab thiab cov neeg nyiag khoom, lossis cov neeg pluag tag nrho uas khiav los ntawm cov nuj nqis. los yog raug tsim txom los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lwm thaj av hauv tebchaws Italis rau kev ua txhaum nyob rau ntawd.

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