Tom qab yeej xyoo 1945, tau siv ncaj qha los ntawm ob lub tebchaws Soviet thiab Tebchaws Meskas ntawm cov peev txheej kev txawj ntse ntawm tus yeeb ncuab qub. Hauv USSR, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab kws tshaj lij, xa tawm los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees hauv txhua pawg thiab ib tus zuj zus, koom nrog hauv txoj haujlwm atomic, tsim cov foob pob hluav taws thiab tshuab siv dav hlau. Nov yog txhua yam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua vim tias siv lub tsheb German thiab riam phom yog ib txwm rau peb lub tebchaws.
Ib tus neeg txaus siab rau keeb kwm ntawm Soviet cov tub rog siv phom paub tias thawj lub foob pob foob pob, R-1, nkag mus rau kev pabcuam xyoo 1950, yog daim ntawv theej ntawm German V-2 (V-2, A-4) los ntawm Werner von Braun. "V-2" tau nruab nrog thawj lub foob pob hluav taws hauv USSR-RVGK pawg tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj, tsim xyoo 1946 rau kev sim lawv.
Reactive pib
Ntawm txoj kev mus rau kev tsim R-1, kev sib sau ua ke ntawm A-4 tau teeb tsa hauv thaj tsam Soviet ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes thiab nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm USSR, lawv qhov kev sim pib ntawm Kapustin Yar thaj tsam tau tshwm sim xyoo 1947. Tag nrho 39 qhov qub V-2s tau sau. Kev txhim kho German kuj tau siv los tsim lwm yam kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv tsev. Raws li V-1 (V-1) hom projectile, cov qauv huab cua-rau-hauv av thiab hauv av-rau-hauv av tswj cov foob pob hluav taws ntawm 10X tsev neeg tau tsim. Raws li kev tiv thaiv dav hlau coj cov foob pob "Wasserfall", "Reintochter" thiab "Schmetterling", thawj qhov haujlwm ntawm Soviet cov foob pob R-101, R-102 thiab R-112 tau ua tiav. Lawv tsis dhau los ua cov qauv kev sib ntaus, tab sis kev paub dhau los ua pov thawj los ua kev pab zoo. Hauv thawj qhov kev tiv thaiv huab cua hauv tsev S-25 "Berkut", uas tau npog Moscow, muaj qhov tseeb ntawm German kab. Ib yam li hauv KSSH tiv thaiv lub nkoj foob pob hluav taws tau saws rau kev pabcuam.
Txawm tias thaum lub xyoo ua tsov rog, cov tub rog ntawm Leningrad Front tau siv hnyav hnyav MTV-280 thiab MTV-320, tsim los ntawm kev ntes cov foob pob German, thiab pib nrog kev pab tshwj xeeb thav duab. Cov foob pob hluav taws uas tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm peb lwm cov foob pob hluav taws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd lawv tau ruaj khov hauv kev ya dav hlau tsis yog los ntawm tus Tsov tus tw, tab sis los ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm cov hmoov av uas ntws los ntawm lub qhov nkag. Qhov no ua kom pom tseeb qhov tseeb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub. Xws li eres tau hu ua turbojets, txawm hais tias lawv tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog lub tshuab dav hlau. Ntawm tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, M-14 (140 mm) thiab M-24 (240 mm) foob pob hluav taws rau tsheb sib ntaus BM-14 thiab BM-24 ntawm lub tsheb pib thiab BM-24T ntawm lub tsheb laij teb tau raug tsim thiab tau txais hauv 50 xyoo ….
Txhawm rau ua kom tiav, nws yuav tsum tau hais txog thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov ua rog cov neeg German tseem tau theej thiab tso tawm rau hauv koob, hloov kho me ntsis, Soviet feathered 82-mm M-8 foob pob hluav taws. Nrog rau lub sijhawm 80 mm WGr. Spreng tau nruab nrog cov foob pob ua ntxaij foob pob hluav taws tus kheej (lub foob pob rau ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov tub rog uas muaj cov neeg nqa khoom nqa khoom) Waffen-SS. Cov neeg German tseem yuav siv 150-mm feathered eres ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev ntes "Katyushin" 132-mm M-13, tab sis tsis muaj sijhawm los coj lawv qhov kev xav.
Thiab German 158, 5-mm rau-barreled towed foob pob ua ntxaij 15 cm Nebelwerfer, paub rau cov tub rog pem hauv ntej ua "nees luav" thiab "Vanyusha", uas poob rau hauv USSR, tau muab rau DPRK thaum Kauslim Tsov rog xyoo 1950-1953.
Ntawm tis ntawm niam txiv
Rov qab rau xyoo 1920 thiab thaum xyoo 1930s, Red Army Air Force tau ua tub rog tuaj nrog thiab sib sau ua ke lub dav hlau German-YUG-1 cov foob pob (Junkers G-23), Fokker D-VII, Fokker D-XI ", I-7 (" Heinkel HD-37 "), neeg soj xyuas" Fokker S-IV "," Junkers Ju-20, Ju-21 ". Txog rau xyoo 1938, RKKF kev siv aviation tau siv KR-1 (Heinkel He-55) lub dav hlau ya cov nkoj tshawb nrhiav, thiab txog thaum xyoo 1941 (hauv kev ya dav hlau txog xyoo 1946), Dornier Do-15 Val ya nkoj. Xyoo 1939-1940, USSR tau xeem dhau qhov kev xeem dhau los ntawm Dornier Do-215B thiab Junkers Ju-88 foob pob, Heinkel He-100 thiab Messerschmitt Bf-109E cov neeg tua rog, muab ua piv txwv los ntawm Hitler lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Thiab Messerschmitt Bf-110C, Messerschmitt Bf. -108 thiab Fieseler Fi-156, kev cob qhia Bücker Bu131 thiab Bücker Bu133, Focke-Wulf Fw-58, Weiche thiab txawm tias yog helicopters Focke-Ahgelis Fa-266 ".
Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog, USSR tau lees paub qee qhov piv txwv ntawm German riam phom thiab khoom siv tub rog. Piv txwv li, ib qho ntawm Baltic Fleet cov tub rog sib tua tau nruab nrog Focke-Wulf Fw-190D-9 cov neeg tua rog. Txog thaum kawg ntawm 50s, cov tub rog ciam teb siv ntab dav hlau tshawb nrhiav "Arado Ar-196". Kev ntes Junkers Ju-52 / 3m thauj thiab neeg caij dav hlau thiab tsawg kawg ib lub dav hlau Dornier Do-24 tau pauv mus rau kev ya dav hlau.
Kev tshaj tawm ntawm lub tshuab German turbojet Jumo-004 thiab BMW-003 (raws li lub npe RD-10 thiab RD-20) rau hauv koob hauv USSR ua rau nws muaj peev xwm pib tsim thawj lub dav hlau dav hlau Soviet Yak-15 thiab MiG-9 nruab nrog lawv, tom kawg muaj qee qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm ib tus tsim hauv Tebchaws Yelemees "Messerschmitt R.1101".
Txiav txim siab, tab sis tsis lees paub, thov kom tsim khoom rau USSR Air Force ntawm German dav hlau tua "Messerschmitt Me-262" "Schwalbe". Kev tso Me -262 tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tsis tau xav tag nrho - tom qab tag nrho, nws yog lub tshuab npaj rau kev txhim kho los ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau Soviet, ntxiv rau, koom nrog Czechoslovakia tau yuav luag tiav tshuab rau nws cov khoom. Nws tuaj yeem pom daim ntawv thov ua tus neeg cuam tshuam hmo ntuj nruab nrog German "Neptune" hom radar, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm mus txog rau nruab nrab-50s, thiab raws li tus foob pob-foob pob (hloov kho ntawm "Sturmvogel")-txog thaum ntxov 60s xub. Lub foob pob hnyav txog ib txhiab kg ntau tshaj li ntawm MiG -15, -17 thiab -19 uas tau tshwm sim tom qab. Los ntawm txoj kev, Czechs lawv tus kheej txuas ntxiv tsim Me-262 rau lawv Cov Tub Rog Huab Cua raws li kev tsim S-92.
Cov noob Germanic ntawm kev ua tsov rog tom qab Soviet lub dav hlau yog lub ncauj lus tseem ceeb, cov duab monograph tau mob siab rau nws. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog sau cia lwm lub tsheb muaj tis nrog lub hauv paus kev sib tw-kev ua haujlwm-sib ntaus sib tua lub cav dav hlau foob pob "150", tsim ntawm Chaw Tsim Qauv ntawm SM Alekseev nrog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kws tshaj lij German ua haujlwm nyob ntawd, los ntawm Brunolf Baade, uas yav dhau los ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab Junkers. Cov qauv, uas pom saum ntuj xyoo 1952, muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo dua li cov foob pob loj heev pem hauv ntej Il-28. Txawm li cas los xij, koob "150" tsis mus rau qhov raug liam vim qhov tshwm ntawm Tu-16, txawm hais tias cov no yog cov tshuab ntawm ntau chav kawm.
Lub caij no, "150" muaj peev xwm ua pov thawj los ua tus neeg sib tw tsim nyog rau Asmeskas kev sib ntaus dav hlau ntawm Douglas ruaj khov-tus nqa khoom raws A-3 Skywarrior thiab nws hloov kho av B-66 Destroyer, uas tau ua haujlwm rau ntau xyoo lawm thiab tawm tsam hauv Nyab Laj.. Los ntawm txoj kev, raug tso tawm nrog cov npoj yaig hauv GDR, Herr Baade tau tsim los ntawm "150" nkaus xwb Sab Hnub Tuaj German tus neeg caij dav hlau "Baade-152".
Thawj lub foob pob hauv tebchaws Soviet tau coj los ua qauv ntawm German chaw taws teeb tswj cov foob pob tawg, uas tau ua tiav los ntawm Luftwaffe.
Los ntawm locators rau bowler lub kaus mom
Tsis zam lub zog German thiab Soviet rab phom loj. Yog li, txawm tias los ntawm tsarist pab tub rog ntawm Red Army tau txais 122-mm howitzers ntawm 1909 tus qauv, tsim rau Russia los ntawm Krupp tuam txhab thiab hloov kho tshiab xyoo 1937. Cov qub tub rog ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog tau siv rau xyoo 1941-1945. Xyoo 1930, rab phom tiv thaiv 37-mm tau tshwm sim hauv Red Army, tsim los ntawm Rheinmetall lub tuam txhab thiab tsim tawm raws li daim ntawv tso cai-zoo ib yam li ntawm Wehrmacht. Xyoo 1938, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 76-hli 3-K, tsim los ntawm tus qauv 7, 62 cm Flak ntawm tib lub tuam txhab, tau saws.
Twb dhau lub sijhawm ua tsov rog, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau txais German 210-mm mortars 21 cm M18, uas USSR tau paub los ntawm ob qhov piv txwv ntxiv yuav hauv xyoo 1940 hauv tebchaws Yelemes rau kev ntsuas ntsuas.
Xyoo 1944, Czech lub tuam txhab Skoda, uas ua haujlwm rau cov neeg German, tsim lub teeb pom kev zoo 105 hli F. H.43 howitzer nrog hluav taws ncig. Nws cov qauv siv ua lub hauv paus rau Soviet 122-mm howitzer D-30, nrov nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb, txawm tias sab nrauv zoo ib yam li nws cov xeeb ntxwv.
Tom qab ua tsov rog, ntes German 105-mm Flak 38/39 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau siv hauv USSR Air Defense Forces tom qab ua rog rau qee lub sijhawm.
Thaum lub xyoo ua tsov rog, SG-122 tus kheej thiab cov phom tua tus kheej SU-76I tau tsim ntawm lub chassis ntawm German StuG III phom tua phom thiab PzKpfw III cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab (nrog kev teeb tsa 122-mm M-30 howitzers thiab 76 -mm S-1 cannons, ntsig txog).
Lub tsheb laij teb Kommunar, uas tau siv ua lub tsheb laij teb phom loj thiab tau tsim tawm hauv USSR txij li xyoo 1924 raws li daim ntawv tso cai ntawm German tuam txhab Hanomag, tau pom dav siv. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov Soviet pab tub rog caij tsheb ntawm kev hla tebchaws muaj peev xwm GAZ-69A, cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov neeg German, tus thawj coj tus Thawj Coj-R180 / R200, tau pom. Thiab lub tsheb thauj khoom tom qab ua tsov rog MAZ-200, uas rub 152-mm D-1 howitzers ntawm qhov kawg Stalinist kev ua tub rog mus rau Red Square, yog kev sib xyaw ntawm Asmeskas Mac L thiab ib txwm Wehrmacht tsheb Bussing-NAG-4500. Cov tub rog hnyav lub tsheb loj M-72, uas tau ua haujlwm nrog Soviet pab tub rog yuav luag txog thaum nws ploj mus nrog USSR, yog daim ntawv theej ua ntej tsov rog German BMW R71.
Thiab yuav ua li cas tsis nco qab tias hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, tseem nyob hauv Weimar, 7, 63-mm Mauser K-96 rab phom tau yuav rau Red Army thiab Chekists, lub npe hu ua Germans lawv tus kheej "Bolo"-los ntawm "Bolshevik" thiab siv hauv Wehrmacht thiab SS.
Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los kawm tshawb fawb German radar thiab kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis - ceeb toom ceeb toom ntxov radars Freya thiab Manmouth siv hauv German kev tiv thaiv huab cua, Kev Tshawb Fawb Loj Würzburg thiab tsom mus rau radar thiab Me Me Würzburg phom qhia chaw nres tsheb. Xyoo 1952, hauv cheeb tsam Gorky, tau ntes lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj zog super-long-wave high-transmitter "Goliath" tau ua haujlwm rau kev sib txuas lus nrog submarines. Tau ntev tom qab ua tsov rog, xov tooj TAI-43, tsim los ntawm German FF-33, tau ua haujlwm nrog pab tub rog Soviet.
Txawm tias Soviet tus tub rog ua ke lub kaus mom lub kaus mom tau theej los ntawm tus qauv German xyoo 1931, nrog rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv sab hauv tsev (OZK) tau tsim los ntawm qhov zoo ib yam li German uas tau tshwm sim thaum kawg Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Los ntawm txoj kev, tus lej ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj lom neeg siv tshuaj (tshuaj ua tsov rog thiab txhais tau tias lawv siv), qhia nyob rau hauv USSR, tau sim rov qab rau xyoo 1928-1933 ntawm Tomka chaw (chaw tshawb fawb tub rog-tshuaj lom neeg nyob ze ntawm Shikhany kev sib hais haum hauv thaj tsam Saratov). qhov twg tus kws tshaj lij German tau ua haujlwm raws li daim ntawv cog lus Soviet-German zais cia.
Kriegsmarine - mus rau Soviet fleet
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws submarines ua hauv USSR ua ntej tsov rog yog hom nruab nrab "C" (1934-1948), tsim los ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab German "Deshimag". Raws li kev them nyiaj rov qab los ntawm kev tawm tsam Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, plaub lub nkoj loj loj ntawm XXI tau txais, uas tau muab rau txoj haujlwm 614 hauv USSR Navy. Lawv tau ua haujlwm hauv Baltic Fleet (B-27, B-28, B- 29 thiab B-30). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau WWII, XXI series submarines tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo raws li tus qauv rau kev ua tsov rog tom qab Soviet nruab nrab-lub tog raj kheej diesel torpedo submarines ntawm Project 613, uas tau tsim ua ntau lawm hauv xyoo 1950-1957.
Ib qho ntxiv, peb tau txais kev them rov qab lossis raug ntes raws li khoom plig ua lub nkoj ua dej hiav txwv ntawm IXC series, plaub lub nkoj nruab nrab ntawm VIIC series (tag nrho, USSR Navy tau txais tsib ntawm lawv, peb tau muab lawv rau TS-14 yam) thiab peb qhov IIB me me (hauv kab ke tsis tau qhia), kev tsim qauv zoo heev rau nws lub sijhawm me submarine ntawm XXIII koob thiab ob lub nkoj me me ntawm "Seehund" hom (muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev nkag mus rau hauv USSR Navy hauv Xyoo 1948 ntawm ib lub nkoj submarine ntawm hom no, txawm hais tias Soviet pab tub rog ntawm lub nkoj tau ntes cov ntu thiab cov khoom siv rau sib sau ua ke ntau lub kaum os ntawm cov nkoj no).
Nrog kev siv cov khoom siv German uas tau khaws tseg thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib xws, ib qho kev sim submarine S-99 ntawm txoj haujlwm 617 tau tsim xyoo 1951-1955, nruab nrog lub tshuab ua haujlwm sib xyaw roj turbine fais fab. Lub nkoj, tau lees paub rau hauv Baltic Fleet, thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias lub dav hlau tau tsim kev ceev hauv qab dej ntawm 20 pob, tab sis thaum kawg tau ntsib kev huam yuaj nrog kev tawg los ntawm qhov "txawv txav" decomposition ntawm hydrogen peroxide. Txoj haujlwm tsis tau txais kev txhim kho vim yog pib ntawm kev qhia txog lub zog nuclear hauv kev tsim nkoj hauv nkoj.
USSR tau txais qhov ua tsis tiav, tab sis nyob rau qib siab ntawm kev npaj dav hlau thauj khoom "Graf Zeppelin", vim lub siab tsis muaj zog ntawm Soviet kev coj noj coj ua tau poob rau hauv kev qhia phom loj thiab tua hluav taws hauv xyoo 1947, thiab tseem suav tias tsis tsim nyog kev kawm tsis tiav thiab kev siv phom loj sib ntaus. Schleswig-Holstein ", lub nkoj hnyav" Lutzov "ntawm chav kawm" Deutschland "thiab lub nkoj hnyav tsis tiav" Seydlitz "ntawm" Admiral Hipper "chav kawm. Lwm lub nkoj hnyav ntawm "Admiral Hipper" chav kawm tau muag los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees rau USSR hauv lub xeev uas tsis tau ua tiav xyoo 1940, tau hu ua "Petropavlovsk" thiab koom nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm Leningrad raws li tsis yog tus kheej-propelled roj teeb ntab. Nws tsis tau ua tiav.
Ntawm cov nkoj loj, lub nkoj cruiser "Nuremberg" (peb muaj "Admiral Makarov"), ob lub nkoj ntawm "Leberecht Maas" hom (hauv Navy ntawm USSR - "Prytky") Thiab ib hom "Dieter von Raeder" "(" Muaj zog ") thiab" Narvik "(" Agile "). Lub nkoj "Agile" yog lub zog tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb lub nkoj hais txog kev siv phom loj, nws muaj rab phom 150-mm.
Lawv tau hloov kho hauv chav kawm rau cov neeg rhuav tshem thiab nkag mus rau hauv Baltic Fleet thiab German cov neeg rhuav tshem - ib qho ntawm txhua hom 1935 ("Txawb"), 1937 ("Gusty") thiab 1939 ("kwv yees"), ntxiv rau peb qhov qub "T" -107 "(lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1). Ntawm cov neeg German tau txais ntawm USSR Navy yog coob tus minesweepers, minelayers, tsaws khoom siv tes ua, ntxiv rau cov yam ntxwv txawv xws li lub nkoj catapult rau tso lub nkoj ya hnyav "Falke" yacht "Hela", uas dhau los ua lub nkoj tswj "Angara" "nyob hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Dub.
Nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias USSR Navy lub foob pob hluav taws tau siv riam phom nrog German 450-mm dav hlau torpedoes F-5W.
Xyoo 1950, lub nkoj submarines ntawm USSR Navy tau siv 533-mm tus kheej-coj hluav taws xob torpedo SAET-50, tsim los ntawm tus qauv ntawm German T-5, thiab xyoo 1957-533-mm trackless ntev-kab ncaj nraim mus rau tom ntej "53 -57 "tsim nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kws tshaj lij German raws li German turbine peroxide torpedoes ntawm hom Steinval thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm txoj kev, rov qab rau xyoo 1942, 533-mm ncaj-rau pem hauv ntej hluav taws xob torpedo ET-80 nkag rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog Soviet submarines, raws li German G7e, uas tau tshwm sim hauv nws thawj qhov kev hloov kho xyoo 1929.
Nrog kev tsim GDR, nws txoj kev tsim nkoj tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm USSR Navy. Los ntawm cov nkoj German, cov nkoj pabcuam rau ntau lub hom phiaj tau muab rau, nrog rau kev soj ntsuam cov nkoj ntawm lub nkoj ntawm lub nkoj (lawv tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, tau kawg, hauv USSR). Xyoo 1986-1990, Baltic Fleet tau txais los ntawm GDR 12 lub nkoj tiv thaiv me me ntawm txoj haujlwm 1331M (Parkhim-2 yam) tau tsim ua ke los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Zelenodolsk Design Bureau thiab East German shipyard Peene-Werft (Volgast) los ntawm GDR. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tseem ua haujlwm. Nws yog qhov xav paub tias cov nkoj zoo sib xws tau tsim rau Volksmarine (16 chav ntawm qhov sib txawv me ntsis txoj haujlwm 1331 "Parkhim-1"), tom qab kev sib sau ua ke ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, tau muag rau Indonesia, nyob rau hauv uas nws cov tub rog lawv tau teev tseg raws li corvettes ntawm "Captain Patimura" "laj.
Thaum kawg ntawm Warsaw Pact, GDR tau raug xaiv los ua lub chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws rau kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub nkoj foob pob ntawm Soviet kev txhim kho "Uranus" - kev sib piv ntawm Asmeskas "Harpoon". Nws kuj tseem xav tsim Txoj Haujlwm 151A lub nkoj foob pob hluav taws nrog Uranus, npaj rau nws tus kheej thiab rau lub nkoj ntawm USSR thiab Poland. Txawm li cas los xij, cov phiaj xwm no tsis yog lub hom phiaj los ua qhov tseeb.
