Hauv cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm los ntawm VO, kev saib xyuas ntau heev raug tshem tawm mus rau keeb kwm ntawm riam phom tooj liab, thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov yuam kev. Qhov tseeb, hauv keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg muaj tag nrho Hnub Nyoog Bronze, thiab qhov no yog lub sijhawm thawj zaug, qhov tseeb, kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, thaum tib neeg tseem tsis tau sau lus, tab sis … tab sis lawv tau pauv pauv nrog txhua lwm yam nyob deb deb, uas txhais tau tias lawv paub txog ib leeg … Hauv Moldova, hauv "Borodino cov khoom muaj nqis", lawv pom jade los ntawm Toj Siab Sayan, txawm hais tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab qhia chaw yog loj heev. Puas yog tin tsim nyog rau yaj tooj liab? Nws cov nyiaj tso tsawg tsawg, uas txhais tau tias nws tau pauv pauv rau ntau, ntau kilometers los ntawm qhov chaw nws rho tawm. Tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov tooj liab loj tshaj plaws muaj cov arsenic thiab cov nyiaj raws li ligatures. Zoo, tsis muaj tin zoo txaus, thiab txhua yam uas nyob ntawm tes tau siv! Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib tus nyeem uas tau hais tias tooj liab yog cov tooj liab nrog … txhuas (!), Tab sis cia peb tawm cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lub siab ntawm nws tus sau (thiab Google yuav pab nws!), Thiab peb peb tus kheej yuav mloog zoo rau lwm yam, uas yog - nthuav kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tooj daj.
Nov yog lawv - cov ntaj tshwj xeeb los ntawm Rorby.
Kuv twb tau sau ntawm no tias thawj ntaj nyob hauv Europe tau ntev "rapiers" rau laj kab nrog cov hniav tsis muaj tes tuav. Riam thiab rab riam tau ua zoo ib yam: tsuas yog rab riam nws tus kheej raug pov tseg, uas nthuav tawm tom qab, qhov twg muaj qhov rau rivets: 2, 3, 4, 5, thiab lwm yam. Kev txiav tau ua nyob rau hauv tus ntoo tuav, mus rau qhov uas tau muab cov hniav tso thiab tom qab ntawd kho nrog rivets.
Hloov ntawm rab riam tooj liab los ntawm Hnub Nyoog Bronze. Thaj, qhov no yog qhov muaj nuj nqis tooj liab tau txais kev cawmdim, txij li cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tshawb fawb tau pom ntau yam khoom muaj nqis nrog kev pov tseg tsis raug, seem thiab cov hlau ib leeg - uas yog, lawv tau zais txhua yam uas muaj yam tsawg kawg muaj nqis.
Tom qab ntawd muaj hlau ntau dua. Tab sis qhov inertia ntawm tib neeg txoj kev xav yog zoo li rab riam, piv txwv li, tam sim no txuas ntxiv mus kom raug pov rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov qauv qub nrog cais ntoo tuav. Ntxiv mus, lawv rov tsim dua qhov nthuav dav ntawm lub nraub qaum, rau feem ntau qhov tsis tsim nyog, thiab rivets - txhua qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntxiv, txij li tam sim no lawv tsis txuas dab tsi ntxiv thiab tsuas yog ua kom zoo nkauj.
Muaj ntau ntau rab ntaj tooj dag thiab rab riam phom, uas qhia txog kev faib tawm ntau yam ntawm cov khoom ntawd. Thiab cov khoom nthuav tawm hauv National Museum of Denmark yog qhov pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov no.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog ntaj thiab rab riam xwb yog riam phom ntawm cov neeg ntawm Hnub Nyoog Bronze, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Denmark. Saib seb pes tsawg tus tooj dag tau muab tso rau hauv rooj plaub no!
Txawm li cas los xij, kuj tseem muaj cov piv txwv hloov pauv. Tus tuav tau muab cais cais rau lawv, cov hniav sib cais, thiab tom qab ntawd txhua qhov no tau riveted ua ke. Tab sis cov riam thiab ntaj no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Hnub Nyoog Bronze. Tib neeg pom sai sai tias vim li cas rivet, thaum koj tuaj yeem pov. Tab sis, pom tseeb, vim yog kev coj noj coj ua, lawv tsis tuaj yeem tsis kam rivets ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov hniav nrog tus tuav.
Ib rab yaj phom zoo nkauj heev nrog tus ntaus ntawv ntaus ntawv (thiab qhov no yog qhov kev coj ua ntawm kev ntaus ntaus rau cov neeg raug kaw 'riam los ntawm?!) Thiab rab riam riveted rau nws.
Ib qho zoo nkauj zoo kawg thiab zoo meej rab yaj phom tooj dag los ntawm ib qho khoom sau tshwj xeeb. Pom tias yooj yim thiab zoo nkauj npaum li cas tib lub sijhawm. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tseem ceeb hauv nws, thiab tib lub sijhawm, cov kab nyias nyias ntawm cov hniav, cov rivets loj heev thiab kev tuav yooj yim heev muab lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua tiav. Txog nws, raws li lawv hais, tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv thiab tsis muaj dab tsi los rho tawm ntawm nws. Zoo, thiab nws daim ntawv tseem yog ib txwm muaj thiab ua haujlwm ua pov thawj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov inertia ntawm tib neeg kev nco qab.
Tau kawg, cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los tau pab los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov neeg ntawm Hnub Nyoog Bronze yog cov neeg tsis ntseeg thiab faus lawv cov neeg tuag nrog khoom plig tom qab muaj nyiaj ntau. Qhov no yog qhov uas tus tooj liab tsis tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tub rog qub puag thaum ub tau pom tsis yog hauv qhov ntxa …
Hauv swamps ntawm Denmark, tsis tsuas yog pom tooj dag dag, tab sis kuj yog pob zeb, uas yog, muaj Hnub Nyoog Pob Zeb ib yam nkaus li lwm qhov chaw, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov los ntawm "Hnub Nyoog Hlau".
Thiab nws tau tshwm sim tias xyoo 1952 Dane Thorvald Nielsen tau khawb ib lub pas dej me me hauv lub nroog Rorby nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm tebchaws Zealand. Thiab nws tau nyob ntawd uas nws pom cov hniav zoo nkauj nkhaus tooj liab, uas tau nyam hauv cov nyom. Tus ntaj tau hais meej rau ntawm Hnub Nyoog Bronze, ib puag ncig 1600 BC, thiab yog thawj qhov kev pom zoo hauv tebchaws Denmark. Los ntawm txoj kev, ceeb toom tias nws thiab rab ntaj zoo li cas hauv daim duab saum toj no ntawm tus tuav, uas qhia tias daim ntawv pommel no tau nthuav dav. Ntaj tau muab pub ua khoom pov thawj rau National Museum hauv Copenhagen, tab sis zaj dab neeg ntawm rab ntaj nkhaus tsis tau xaus rau ntawd. Xyoo 1957, thaum lwm tus Dane hu ua Thorvald Jensen tab tom khawb qos yaj ywm hauv tib qhov chaw, nws pom lwm rab ntaj zoo li no. Ntaj nkhaus thib ob tau dai kom zoo ib yam li thawj zaug, tab sis nws kuj ua rau daim duab zoo li lub nkoj. Qhov no tau dhau los ua qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm lub nkoj hauv Denmark!
Rau cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm keeb kwm, qhov khoom plig ntawm txoj hmoo tsis yog qhov khawb khawb thaum ub. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog ib tus neeg qhov kev faus neeg, thiab, feem ntau, nws yog Hnub Nyoog Bronze faus. Thiab ntawm no lawv muaj hmoo nrog Denmark. Ntawm nws thaj chaw, kwv yees li ntawm 86,000 qhov chaw ua ntej keeb kwm tau tshawb pom, uas txog 20,000, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, koom nrog Hnub Nyoog Bronze. Zoo, lawv tau pom nyob txhua qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Denmark niaj hnub no, uas qhia tias yav dhau los nws muaj neeg nyob coob.
Tab sis dhau ntawm cov mounds, kuj tseem muaj swamps hauv Denmark. Thiab tam sim no lawv tau dhau los ua cov khoom muaj nqis tiag rau cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm. Thiab dab tsi tsis pom nyob hauv lawv, piv txwv li, ntawm qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws "marsh pom" yog … cov ntaub thaiv tooj liab, uas tau ua hauv nruab nrab Tebchaws Europe nyob rau lub sijhawm 1100 - 700 xyoo. BC Cov ntaub thaiv tooj liab no tau paub los ntawm Ltalis nyob rau sab qab teb mus rau Sweden nyob rau sab qaum teb, los ntawm Spain thiab Ireland nyob rau sab hnub poob mus rau Hungary nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Nws tuaj yeem suav tias yog pov thawj tias cov ntaub thaiv npog uas ua los ntawm cov hlau nyias tuaj yeem tsis muaj lub hom phiaj ua tub rog. Tab sis rau kev ua lub hom phiaj - ntau npaum li koj nyiam. Cov ntaub thaiv npog no tau suav tias yog cov cim hnub ci thiab tau cuam tshuam nrog kev pe hawm ntawm cov vaj tswv thiab lub zog ntawm xwm. Hauv Scandinavian pob zeb kos duab, tsim cov kab thaiv tuaj yeem pom hauv kev txuas nrog kev seev cev ua kab ke, yog li lawv lub hom phiaj kev ntseeg yog tsis ntseeg. Tab sis lawv tau pom li cas? Nws tau tshwm sim rov qab rau xyoo 1920, thaum ob tus neeg ua haujlwm tuaj rau tus kws sau ntawv xov xwm hauv nroog, Jensen, thiab nqa ob daim ntaub thaiv tooj liab, uas lawv pom hauv Zorup Mose bog thaum txhim kho peat bog. Cov ntaub thaiv npog loj tshaj plaws tau raug puas ntsoog los ntawm rab phom. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tau qhia tam sim rau National Museum, uas tau pib khawb av. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tshaj tawm tias cov ntaub thaiv npog nyob rau hauv hav dej ntsug ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib leeg. Archaeologists pom qhov chaw no, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv muaj.
Hauv kev txhim kho peat hauv hav dej me me ntawm Svenstrup hauv Himmerland thaum Lub Xya Hli 1948, Christian Jorgensen tau ua lwm qhov pom zoo. Nws yog daim iav zoo nkauj tooj liab los ntawm Hnub Nyoog Bronze lig. Nws pub daim ntaub thaiv rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab tau txais khoom plig zoo rau nws - nyiaj txaus los them rau lub ru tsev tshiab rau nws ua liaj ua teb.
Cov kws tshaj lij tam sim pom tias cov ntaub thaiv npog no tau ua los ntawm cov ntawv tooj liab uas nyias nyias. Kev sim nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog no tau qhia tias lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig kiag li hauv kev tawm tsam. Lawv cov tuab tso cai rau koj txhawm rau hlau nyob txhua qhov chaw, thiab yog tias koj tsoo daim hlau nrog tib rab ntaj tooj liab, nws ntog sib luag yuav luag ib nrab. Qhov no qhia tias cov ntaub thaiv npog no tau siv tshwj xeeb rau lub hom phiaj ua kev cai raus dej, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tib neeg tseem tau sim txuag tooj liab. Tom qab tag nrho, cov ntawv tooj dag tuab yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tsawg dua li ib qho nyias nyias.
Ntawm no nws yog, qhov zoo nkauj duav.
Thiab qhov no yog Danish banknote uas Danes tso nws cov duab thiab, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias ntau lub txhab nyiaj Danish tau yav tas los tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm kev tshawb pom keeb kwm hauv tebchaws Denmark rov qab los rau Hnub Nyoog Pob Zeb thiab Lub Hnub Nyoog!
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias Danes thaum ub (lossis lawv hu lawv tus kheej nyob rau lub sijhawm twg?) Puas yog cov kws tshaj lij nrhiav haujlwm. Piv txwv li, National Museum of Copenhagen qhia txog txoj siv txoj hlua sib tham txij li 1400 BC, npog nrog cov qauv sib txawv me ntsis. Pom nws rov qab rau xyoo 1879, dua hauv peat bog hauv North Zealand. Ntxiv mus, tus neeg ua haujlwm uas pom nws tau muab nws nrhiav pom rau tus tswv, thiab nws, tsis paub nws thiab lwm yam "npib" ntawm tus nqi tiag tiag, pov lawv mus rau hauv lub thoob khib nyiab, qhov uas lawv tau pom los ntawm tub ceev xwm uas yuam kev ntsia nws.. Yog li cov thev naus laus zis los ua cov phaj no yog qhov qub heev: cov kauv ua los ntawm cov hlau kub tau muab tso rau hauv cov qauv siv quav ciab, uas tau siv los ua cov av nplaum. Tom qab ntawd nws ua kom sov, cov ciab tau ntws tawm, thiab cov tooj liab yaj tau nchuav rau hauv nws. Txhua yam zoo li yooj yim. Tab sis cov phaj no yog nyias heev, yog li nws tau siv tiag tiag los fuse kub nrog tooj liab hauv txoj kev no.
"Horned" lub kaus mom hlau los ntawm Vikse.
Thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm Vicks hauv tebchaws Zealand, ib tus neeg ua haujlwm tau khawb ob lub ntsej muag zoo ib yam li lub kaus mom tooj liab tooj liab uas tau siv "txoj kev ploj". Lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub ntsej muag, qhov muag, lub ntsej muag thiab tau ua thaum pib ntawm thawj ib puas xyoo BC. Ib zaug ntxiv, cov no tsis tuaj yeem yog lub kaus mom hlau sib ntaus. Lawv tau siv hauv kev ua kev cai dab qhuas, thiab tom qab ntawd yooj yim poob rau hauv hav dej raws li kev fij rau cov neeg tsis paub Vajtswv. Qhov ntxim nyiam, ib qho ntawm lub kaus mom hlau tau muab tso rau ntawm lub tais ntoo uas tau khaws cia, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, txij li peat muaj cov khoom khaws cia zoo.
Mummies ntawm cov poj niam los ntawm Scrudstrupf. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, ua tsaug rau peat, lawv tau khaws cia zoo.
Ob lub Vikse lub kaus mom hlau thiab nrog pom pom.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis paub meej qhov twg "Vikse lub kaus mom hlau" tau ua. Tej zaum ntawm qhov chaw, qhov chaw uas lawv tau pom, lossis nws muaj peev xwm tias nws nyob hauv Central Europe lossis Northern Germany. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau qhov pob zeb pob zeb ntawm cov neeg hnav lub kaus mom hlau, tshwj xeeb los ntawm sab hnub poob Sweden, qhia tias kev ntseeg ntawm "txiv neej horned" tau nrov heev ntawm no. Zoo, "txoj kev ua neej" ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev coj noj coj ua no tau xaus dua … hauv hav dej!
Lurs tseem raug pov rau ntawd - cov kav dej loj tau pov los ntawm tooj liab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nyuj nyuj (c. 1000 BC), uas 39 daim nyob hauv tib lub tebchaws Denmark. Thiab lawv tsuas yog pom hauv swamps! Ntawd yog, lawv tau ua thawj zaug, siv tooj liab muaj txiaj ntsig, tom qab ntawd lawv tau ntaus suab paj nruag rau qee lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd, ua ke nrog cov ntaub thaiv npog, lub kaus mom hlau thiab siv txoj siv sia zoo nkauj, lawv raug pov rau hauv hav dej, thiab ib txwm ua khub.
Lur los ntawm Brudewalte. Nov yog qhov "yeeb nkab" zoo li cas, thiab nws yog … khoom!
Thiab ntawm no yog lawv cov yeeb yam tag nrho!
Txhua qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntaj no tau pom meej ntawm no. Qhov no yog qhov khoom siv ua kev cai dab qhuas, thiab loj heev. Thiab ntawm no cov lus nug yog - nws piav dab tsi? Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no yog rab ntaj kom meej, tab sis nws tseem pom tseeb tias ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam nrog ntaj zoo li no. Yog vim li cas nws thiaj muab cov duab zoo li no?
Tab sis rov qab mus rau ntaj los ntawm Rorby. Lawv lub cev yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov ntawd … lawv tau xub tsim ua tsis sib ntaus. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog rab ntaj sib ntaus, tsis muaj qhov taw tes thiab tsis muaj rab riam ntse. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis khaws tooj liab rau lawv, tsis zoo li daim thaiv npog. Ntawd yog, txoj kev tshav ntuj ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv lossis "swamp gods" yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj rau cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Denmark qub tshaj li tus nqi hlau, lossis lawv muaj nws ntau!
Yav dhau los cov tooj liab hauv Cyprus. Tooj liab tau khawb ntawm no, thiab nws yog los ntawm no tias txhua lub tebchaws Europe tau muab cov hlau no. Tab sis cov tin tau mined hauv Askiv Isles, uas cov neeg qub hu ua Pewter. Thiab tej zaum yog vim li cas hauv tebchaws Denmark, uas nyob ntawm txoj kev ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej thaum ub ntawm kev lag luam hlau, tsuas yog muaj tooj dag ntau heev uas cov khoom los ntawm nws tsis yog tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv qhov ntxa ntawm cov neeg tuag, tab sis kuj tau muab pov rau hauv cov swamps ntawm vaj tswv?
