Aviation hauv Great Patriotic War: keeb kwm yam tsis muaj kev sib cav. Tshooj 2

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Aviation hauv Great Patriotic War: keeb kwm yam tsis muaj kev sib cav. Tshooj 2
Aviation hauv Great Patriotic War: keeb kwm yam tsis muaj kev sib cav. Tshooj 2

Video: Aviation hauv Great Patriotic War: keeb kwm yam tsis muaj kev sib cav. Tshooj 2

Video: Aviation hauv Great Patriotic War: keeb kwm yam tsis muaj kev sib cav. Tshooj 2
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Xyoo 1943. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsov rog

Xyoo 1943, kev muaj txoj sia nyob ntawm lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Red Army Air Force, Il-2 lub dav hlau, mus txog 50 pawg. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov dav hlau sib ntaus hauv cov tub rog nquag tshaj 12 txhiab lub tsheb. Cov nplai tau dhau los ua neeg loj heev. Tus naj npawb ntawm Luftwaffe sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau ntawm txhua qhov chaw yog 5,400 lub dav hlau. Nov yog lwm qhov kev piav qhia rau tus lej loj ntawm German aces.

Aviation hauv Great Patriotic War: keeb kwm yam tsis muaj kev sib cav. Tshooj 2
Aviation hauv Great Patriotic War: keeb kwm yam tsis muaj kev sib cav. Tshooj 2

Qhov tseeb yog tias tsuas muaj ib txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib ntaus kiag li - tsis txhob ya mus kiag li. Thiab Soviet aircraft ya. Thiab ya ib lub nkoj loj loj nyob rau pem hauv ntej loj. Thiab lub dav hlau German ya ntau lub tsheb tsawg dua. Yooj yim los ntawm kev tsim txiaj ntawm txoj cai ntawm kev ua lej, ib tus neeg sib ntaus sib tua German tau muaj ntau lub sijhawm ntau dua los ntsib lub dav hlau Soviet ntawm kev sib tw ntau dua li nws cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm Red Army Air Force. Cov neeg German tau ua haujlwm nrog cov dav hlau me me, tas li hloov lawv los ntawm ib feem ntawm sab xub ntiag mus rau lwm qhov.

Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm kev txheeb cais. Piv txwv li, tib Hartman, tau ua tiav 1400 kev sib tw, tau ntsib nrog cov yeeb ncuab thiab tawm tsam hauv 60% ntawm kev xaiv. Kev sib tw - ntau ntxiv, hauv 78% ntawm kev xaiv nws tau sib cuag nrog cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau. Thiab Kozhedub tau tawm tsam tsuas yog hauv txhua qhov kev sib tw thib peb, Pokryshkin - hauv txhua plaub. Cov neeg German tau ua tiav yeej qhov nruab nrab hauv txhua qhov kev xaiv thib peb. Peb nyob hauv txhua yim yim. Tej zaum nws yuav zoo li qhov no hais lus zoo rau cov neeg German - lawv feem ntau ua tiav qhov kev tso tawm. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsuas yog yog tias koj coj tus lej tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Muaj tsawg tsawg tus neeg German. Tawm tsam dav hlau thiab cov neeg tua rog npog lawv ya, txawm tias yuav luag tsis muaj kev ya dav hlau German sab laug hauv lawv txoj haujlwm ua ntej. Txawm tias los ntawm ib tus neeg tua neeg German, lub dav hlau tua yuav tsum tau npog. Yog li ntawd lawv thiaj ya mus. Txawm tias tsis tau ntsib tus yeeb ncuab saum ntuj, lawv ya, npog lawv lub dav hlau tua thiab foob pob. Cov neeg tua rog Soviet yooj yim tsis muaj lub hom phiaj txaus kom ua tiav ntau qhov kev sib tw piv rau cov neeg German.

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Ntawm qhov one tes, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg German ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov dav hlau me me, uas tuaj yeem pom hauv kev muaj tiag. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog kev ua haujlwm davhlau yam tsis tau so, siv zog ntau dhau. Thiab tsis muaj teeb meem li cas ace tus kws tsav dav hlau German yog, nws tsis tuaj yeem tawg mus ua tej daim thiab nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw tib lub sijhawm. Hauv kev cog lus Fabkis lossis Poland, qhov no tsis paub txog. Thiab hauv qhov loj ntawm Russia, nws twb tsis tuaj yeem yeej los ntawm kev paub thiab kev tshaj lij. Txhua yam no yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg German tau saws thaum pib ua tsov rog: tsis txhob tshaj tawm kev lag luam thiab cuam tshuam sai sai nrog cov yeeb ncuab nrog tus lej me me, ua kom nrawm. Thaum blitzkrieg ua tsis tiav, nws muab tawm tias rau kev sib cav sib ceg, xav tau ntau lub zog huab cua, uas Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tsis muaj. Qhov xwm txheej tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem kho tam sim: USSR tau npaj rau kev ua tsov rog ntawm kev ua kom tsis zoo ua ntej, thiab qhov ntawd tsis tau npaj txhij. Txhua yam uas tau ua dhau los yog txuas ntxiv kev sib ntaus ua ntej, nrog cov dav hlau me me yuam kom ua haujlwm ntawm ob lossis peb zaug. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm qee cov haujlwm ntawm hauv ntej txhawm rau tsim kom muaj qhov zoo tshaj hauv lwm cov haujlwm, tsawg kawg ib pliag.

Sab Soviet, nyeg, muaj lub dav hlau ya dav hlau, muaj lub sijhawm los ua kom muaj zog ntau ntxiv yam tsis tau nthuav tawm cov haujlwm thib ob ntawm lub hauv ntej thiab tseem khaws lub dav hlau tseem ceeb hauv lub nraub qaum rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev qhia tsav dav hlau. Xyoo 1943-1944, Red Army tsis tu ncua ua ntau txoj haujlwm ib txhij ntawm cov haujlwm sib txawv ntawm lub ntsej muag, thiab yuav luag txhua qhov suav tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ya dav hlau yog peb li. Txawm hais tias qib nruab nrab ntawm tus kws tsav dav hlau Soviet qis dua me ntsis, txawm tias lub dav hlau Soviet tsis zoo dua li German, muaj ntau ntawm lawv, thiab lawv nyob txhua qhov chaw.

Kev txheeb cais dav hlau hauv tebchaws Yelemes qhia tias ib feem cov neeg German tau lees paub lawv qhov yuam kev. Xyoo 1943 thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau xyoo 1944, tau pom ntau ntxiv hauv kev tsim cov dav hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis txaus los tsim cov naj npawb dav hlau - nws tseem tsim nyog los qhia tus naj npawb ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau. Thiab cov neeg German tsis muaj sijhawm rau qhov no - ntau lub dav hlau ya dav hlau, raws li nws tau tawm, xav tau rov qab rau xyoo 1941. Qhov kev qhia dav dav ntawm cov neeg tsav dav hlau xyoo 1943-1944 tsis yog aces lawm. Lawv tsis muaj lub sijhawm los tau txais kev paub zoo uas 1941 Luftwaffe cov kws tsav dav hlau muaj. Cov kws tsav dav hlau no tsis tau zoo dua li cov neeg tsav dav hlau Soviet ntawm kev qhia ua tub rog. Thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub dav hlau uas lawv tau ntsib hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis txawv ntau. Cov kev coj ua no tsis tuaj yeem ua rau dej ntws rov qab los.

Peb tuaj yeem hais tias hauv kev sib piv nrog 1941, qhov xwm txheej rau cov neeg German tau tig 180 degrees. Txog tam sim no, Cov neeg German tau yeej vim yog lawv qhov kev ua nrawm, tau tswj kom kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab ua ntej nws muaj sijhawm los sau nws pab tub rog thiab kev lag luam. Nrog Poland me me thiab Fabkis, qhov no yooj yim ua tiav. Tebchaws Askiv tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm kev nruj thiab kev tawv ncauj ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj Askiv thiab cov kws tsav dav hlau. Thiab Russia tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm qhov loj, kev tiv taus ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab Tub Rog thiab kev txaus siab ntawm kev lag luam los ua haujlwm hauv kev ua tsov ua rog. Tam sim no cov neeg German lawv tus kheej raug yuam kom nthuav dav cov khoom siv dav hlau thiab cov kws tsav dav hlau nrog kev ntshai sai. Txawm li cas los xij, kev maj nrawm nrawm dhau los cuam tshuam qhov ua tau zoo - raws li tau hais los saum no, tus kws tsav dav hlau tsim nyog yuav tsum tau cob qhia ntau dua ib xyoos. Thiab lub sijhawm tsis txaus.

Golodnikov Nikolai Gerasimovich: "Xyoo 1943, feem ntau ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau German tau ua tsis tau zoo rau peb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov neeg German pib tua zuj zus, pib poob rau peb hauv kev qhia tawm tswv yim, txawm hais tias lawv cov aces tau" tawv heev ". Cov neeg tsav dav hlau German tau ua phem dua xyoo 1944 … Kuv tuaj yeem hais tias cov kws tsav dav hlau no tsis paub yuav ua li cas "saib rov qab", lawv feem ntau tsis quav ntsej txog lawv lub luag haujlwm kom npog cov tub rog thiab khoom."

Lub hauv ntej ntawm kev ua tsov rog tau nthuav dav

Xyoo 1943, txoj hauv kev tau ntsib lub dav hlau German nyob saum ntuj rau cov kws tsav dav hlau Soviet pib poob qis dua. Cov neeg German tau yuam kom ntxiv dag zog rau German kev tiv thaiv huab cua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau tus kws tshuaj ntsuam kos qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo tias txhua yam tau zoo rau cov neeg German nyob rau sab hnub tuaj uas nws ua rau nws tshem tau ib feem ntawm cov rog los ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab pib sib ntaus sib tua loj nyob rau sab hnub poob yam tsis muaj kev nruj. Yeej, cov ntawv no yog ua raws cov txheeb cais ntawm Luftwaffe poob hauv kev txawv teb chaws (Lus Askiv, Asmeskas).

Cov neeg German tau ua zoo nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob yog qhov pov thawj los ntawm yuav luag peb npaug ntxiv hauv cov lej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Red Army Air Force ntawm kev tawm tsam lub luag haujlwm xyoo 1943. Tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm sorties los ntawm Soviet aviation tshaj 885,000, thaum tus naj npawb ntawm sorties los ntawm German aircraft poob rau 471,000 (los ntawm 530,000 hauv 1942). Vim li cas, nyob rau qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo, cov neeg German tau pib hloov lub dav hlau mus rau Sab Hnub Poob?

Qhov tseeb yog tias xyoo 1943 tau qhib lub hauv ntej tshiab ntawm kev ua tsov rog - huab cua pem hauv ntej. Xyoo no, cov phoojywg zoo ntawm USSR - Tebchaws Meskas thiab Tebchaws Askiv - tau tawm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab raug tshem tawm. Thaj, paub tias USSR tau tiv thaiv thiab tig lub hauv paus tau los, Cov Phooj Ywg txiav txim siab pib sib ntaus sib tua tag nrho. Tab sis kev npaj rau tsaws hauv Normandy yuav siv sijhawm ntxiv rau lwm lub xyoo. Lub sijhawm no, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tau npaj, nws muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj huab cua siab los ntawm kev tso foob pob. Xyoo 1943 yog lub xyoo ntawm kev ntse, nce ntxiv hauv kev sib tsoo ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes, xyoo uas cov kev foob pob no tau dhau los ua qhov loj heev.

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Txog rau xyoo 1943, kev ua tsov rog rau cov neeg Germans nyob deb deb. Nws yog hais txog cov pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Yog, qee zaum dav hlau ya, qee zaum lawv foob pob. Wehrmacht tab tom tawm tsam ib qho twg. Tab sis nyob hauv tsev - kev thaj yeeb thiab nyob ntsiag to. Tab sis xyoo 1943, teeb meem tuaj txog yuav luag txhua lub nroog German. Cov pej xeem pib tuag ntau ntau, cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov tsev tsim khoom tau pib tawg.

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Thaum koj lub tsev tab tom raug puas tsuaj, koj tsis xav txog qhov raug ntes ntawm lwm tus. Thiab tom qab ntawd muaj cov chaw tsim khoom tsim khoom siv tub rog rau kev ua tsov rog sab hnub tuaj. Kev tawm tsam Allied tau ua pa. Thiab nws tsuas yog ua tau los tawm tsam nws nrog kev pab tiv thaiv huab cua thiab kev ya dav hlau. Cov neeg German tsis muaj kev xaiv. Cov neeg sib ntaus yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Thiab hauv qhov xwm txheej no, kev xav ntawm Wehrmacht cov tub rog, zaum hauv qab Il-2 cov foob pob hauv qhov taub, tsis txhawj xeeb leej twg ntxiv lawm.

German aviation nyob rau sab hnub tuaj tau yuam kom ua haujlwm nrog overstrain. Cov cai yog ua kom 4-5 ya dav hlau ib hnub (thiab qee qhov aces German feem ntau hais tias lawv tau ua txog 10 lub davhlau, tab sis peb yuav tso qhov no ntawm lawv lub siab), thaum nruab nrab Soviet tus kws tsav dav hlau ya 2-3 zaug hauv ib hnub. Tag nrho qhov no yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm German cov lus txib qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev ua tsov rog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab cov rog tiag ntawm Red Army. Xyoo 1941, qhov nruab nrab ntawm 1 lub dav hlau German nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj suav txog 0, 06 kev xaiv ib hnub, xyoo 1942 - twb yog 0, 73 tawm mus lawm. Thiab hauv kev ya dav hlau ntawm Red Army, cov duab zoo sib xws yog xyoo 1941 - 0, 09, xyoo 1942 - 0, 05 kev xaiv. Xyoo 1942, tus kws tsav dav hlau German nruab nrab tau ya 13 zaug ntau li ntau yam. Nws ua haujlwm rau nws tus kheej thiab rau 3-4 tus kws tsav dav hlau uas tsis muaj nyob, uas Luftwaffe tsis thab los npaj ua ntej, suav nrog kev yeej sai thiab yooj yim dua USSR. Thiab tom qab ntawd qhov xwm txheej tsuas yog pib zuj zus. Los ntawm xyoo 1944, tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm cov kev xaiv hauv Luftwaffe tau poob - Cov neeg German tsis tau rub lub nra. Muaj 0.3 tawm ntawm ib lub dav hlau. Tab sis hauv Air Force ntawm Red Army, tib daim duab no poob rau 0.03 tawm mus. Hauv Red Army Air Force, tus kws tsav dav hlau nruab nrab tseem ua tau 10 zaug tsawg dua. Thiab qhov no txawm tias qhov tseeb tias Soviet kev ya dav hlau tau nce tag nrho cov kev xaiv, thaum cov neeg German, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tau poob 2 npaug los ntawm 1942 txog 1944 - los ntawm 530 txhiab sorties rau 257 txhiab sorties. Tag nrho cov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm "blitzkrieg" - lub tswv yim uas tsis muab rau tus lej suav tag nrho, tab sis muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv qhov tseem ceeb nqaim ntawm hauv ntej. Hauv Red Army Air Force, kev ya dav hlau feem ntau tau muab rau pem hauv ntej lossis lub nkoj, thiab kev txav ntawm lawv yog qhov tsawg. Thiab lawv tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog pem hauv ntej - cov kws tsav dav hlau yuav tsum paub "lawv" thaj av thiab lawv cov tub rog. Cov neeg German, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tau hloov pauv tas li, thiab hauv cov lus qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb lawv feem ntau ua tiav cov lej loj dua, txawm tias nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Qhov no ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe nruj, qhov chaw dav dav tsis yooj yim rau qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau ntawm ob lossis ntau dua "cov lus qhia tseem ceeb" ib zaug. Thiab hauv 43-45, tuaj yeem muaj ntau qhov kev qhia tseem ceeb tib lub sijhawm nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem kaw tag nrho cov kab nrib pleb nrog rau kev txav ib zaug.

Golodnikov Nikolai Gerasimovich: "Cov neeg German tau zoo heev ntawm kev tswj hwm lawv lub dav hlau. Ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam loj, lawv tau tsom mus rau coob tus dav hlau, ntawm cov lus qhia thib ob nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd lawv tau ua haujlwm sib txawv. Cov neeg German tau sim ua kom dhau peb cov tswv yim, hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws los tsoo peb hauv pawg, txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv. Peb yuav tsum muab lawv cov txiaj ntsig, lawv tau ua siab loj xa cov chav los ntawm pem hauv ntej mus rau pem hauv ntej, lawv yuav luag tsis muaj chav dav hlau "muab" rau cov tub rog."

Xyoo 1944. Txhua yam tas lawm

Los ntawm thiab loj, kev ua tsov ua rog tau ploj los ntawm cov neeg German thaum pib xyoo 1944. Lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los ua dej ntws. Ntau tus thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb - Asmeskas, Great Britain thiab USSR - tau nqis tes ua lag luam ib zaug. Yuav tsis muaj kev tham txog kev txhim kho kev tawm tsam Red Army Air Force. Cov kws tsav dav hlau Soviet ntsib cov neeg German hauv huab cua tsawg dua. Qhov ntawd, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tau pab txhawb kom nce qib hauv lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo, txawm hais tias muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv huab cua. Kev yos hav zoov dawb tau pib ua ntau dua. Xyoo 1941 tau ua tiav. Tsuas yog 1,000 tus aces German nyob rau xyoo 1941 muaj ntau dua 10,000 lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm ntau lub Soviet Cua Rog. Thiab xyoo 1944, 5000 tus neeg tua rog Soviet tsuas muaj 3-4 txhiab lub hom phiaj. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm qhov kev faib ua feem no, muaj feem yuav ntsib nrog cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau rau Soviet tus kws tsav dav hlau tua rog xyoo 1944 tau qis dua li ntawm Luftwaffe tus tua rog hauv 41. Qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm aces nrog ntau pua qhov kev yeej hauv Red Army Air Force, tab sis qhov tawg tag ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tawm tsam kev ua tub rog yog pom tseeb. Thiab qhov kev pov tseg no tsis yog qhov nyiam ntawm Luftwaffe.

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Qhov poob ntawm Il-2 hauv xyoo 1944 tseem tsis tau hloov pauv, tab sis cov naj npawb ntawm kev xaiv ob npaug. Kev muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog 85 qhov kev xaiv ntawm ib lub dav hlau. Tsuas yog 0.5% ntawm txhua qhov kev sib tw tau cuam tshuam los ntawm German cov neeg tua rog. Ib qho poob hauv hiav txwv. Nws tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej uas hauv kev sau cia ntawm Il-2 tus kws tsav dav hlau uas tau tawm tsam hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog, 20-mm tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tshuab dav hlau, thiab tsis yog tus tua, yog hu ua yeeb ncuab phem tshaj plaws. Txawm hais tias rov qab rau xyoo 1942 nws yog qhov sib txawv. Tsuas yog xyoo 1945 hla Tebchaws Yelemees yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov neeg tua rog ntau ntxiv, tab sis qhov no feem ntau yog vim muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm sab xub ntiag mus rau qhov loj me ntawm tus taw tes ntawm daim duab qhia chaw. Txog tam sim no, yuav luag tag nrho cov seem hauv aviation German tau sib sau ua ke nyob ib ncig ntawm Berlin, uas, txawm tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau thiab roj av, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Thiab nyob rau sab hnub poob, lub sijhawm ntawd, tau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev ntawm Luftwaffe, uas tau hla dhau, raws li tus lej ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, tag nrho cov kev poob hauv Sab Hnub Tuaj. Peb yuav tsis tawm tsam qhov tseeb no (nrog rau tus lej ntawm yeej ntawm German aces). Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb xaus tias qhov no qhia txog kev txawj ntse ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau Askiv lossis Asmeskas. Puas yog?

Los ntawm qhov xwm txheej txawv txawv, Cov kws tsav dav hlau Allied tau ua tsis tau zoo hauv cov lej yeej txawm tias yog Soviet aces. Thiab txawm ntau li ntawd rau German. Yuav ua li cas tus Germans tswj kom plam ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov nkoj hauv Sab Hnub Poob? Leej twg tsoo lawv?

Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tsov rog huab cua ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau txawv ntawm qhov nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj. Ntawm no nws tsis tuaj yeem npaj "viav vias" nrog kev tawm tsam sai ntawm cov neeg tua rog uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm sab nraub qaum. Ntawm no nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom nce mus rau tus Tsov tus tw ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws nrog rab phom tshuab. Hauv qab cov mos txwv ya hauv lub ntsej muag. Ib B-17 tuaj yeem tua hluav taws mus rau sab nraub qaum-qaum ntuj, zoo li Il-2 rau. Tsis tas yuav hais, qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm ntau pua tus neeg Asmeskas cov foob pob hauv kev tsim ze txhais tau tias rau cov kws tsav dav hlau German tsuas yog hluav taws kub! Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas plaub qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv Asmeskas Tub Rog Tub Rog, uas tau tua 17 tus yeeb ncuab sib ntaus, yog B-17 tus neeg tua phom loj. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Asmeskas Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog rab phom thov ntau dua 6,200 tua cov neeg tua neeg German thiab kwv yees li 5,000 leej nyob hauv tus lej uas yuav muaj yeej (puas lossis raug tua - tsis tsim). Thiab cov no tsuas yog neeg Asmeskas, thiab tseem muaj neeg Askiv! Ua ke nrog kev yeej ntawm Spitfires, Mustangs thiab lwm pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua, qhov kev thov ntawm "tsis muaj kev sib tw" Luftwaffe poob nyob rau sab hnub poob tsis zoo li tsis muaj tseeb.

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Cov neeg tsav dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua tsis tau zoo dua hauv kev qhia rau lawv cov neeg German lossis Soviet. Nws tsuas yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tsov rog huab cua hla lub tebchaws Yelemes zoo li cov neeg German tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev nqis tes ua zoo li nyob sab Hnub Tuaj. Lawv yuav tsum tau tua cov phiaj xwm foob pob, zam tsis tau lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv hluav taws los ntawm cov phom, lossis yooj yim zam kev sib ntaus sib tua, ya tsuas yog ua yeeb yam. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas ntau ntawm lawv hauv lawv lub cim xeeb nco txog sab hnub tuaj ua ntej sib zog. Yooj yim, tab sis tsis yog vim Soviet kev ya dav hlau yog kev puas tsuaj thiab tsis muaj zog tus yeeb ncuab. Tab sis vim tias nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj nws tuaj yeem ua rau tus kheej tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm kev yeej thiab koom nrog txhua yam tsis muaj qab hau, zoo li kev yos hav zoov dawb, tsis yog ua haujlwm tiag tiag thiab txaus ntshai. Thiab German ace Hans Philip hauv qhov teeb meem no sib npaug rau Sab Hnub Tuaj nrog Kev Sib Tw ntawm Tebchaws Askiv, qhov uas nws tseem tuaj yeem muaj kev lom zem nrog Spitfires.

Hans Philip: "Nws yog kev zoo siab los tua nrog ob lub teb chaws Lavxias sib ntaus lossis Askiv Spitfires. Thiab tsis muaj leej twg xav txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej. Tab sis thaum xya caum loj "Flying Fortresses" ya ntawm koj, txhua qhov koj ua txhaum yav dhau los tshwm sim ua ntej koj lub qhov muag. Thiab txawm hais tias tus kws tsav dav hlau tuaj yeem sib sau nws lub siab tawv, tom qab ntawv nws tau mob npaum li cas thiab ua rau txhua tus tsav hauv pab tub rog, mus rau cov neeg tuaj tshiab, tiv nrog nws.

Koj tsis muaj lub tswv yim nyuaj npaum li cas los tawm tsam ntawm no. Ntawm qhov one tes, peb nyob tau yooj yim heev, muaj ntau tus ntxhais thiab txhua yam peb tuaj yeem xav tau, tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, nws yog kev sib ntaus hauv huab cua, thiab nws nyuaj heev. Nws nyuaj tsis yog vim cov yeeb ncuab muaj riam phom hnyav lossis muaj ntau, tab sis vim los ntawm cov xwm txheej no thiab lub rooj zaum yooj yim koj tam sim pom koj tus kheej ntawm tshav rog, qhov uas koj saib tuag nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag.

Cov lus zoo heev, Mr. Philip! Lawv txhua tus yog koj lub ntsiab lus! Thiab koj tus cwj pwm rau kev ua tsov rog. Thiab lees paub tias koj ntshai ntawm kev ua koj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, dodging nws mus rau lub sijhawm kawg hauv kev lom zem-mus-ncig nrog Lavxias thiab Askiv cov neeg tua rog. Thiab tias koj tau poob koj lub zog qub thiab ntuav cov neeg tuaj tshiab rau hauv kev sib ntaus. Thiab txog qhov tseeb tias dag tus kheej cov nyiaj nrog Spitfires tsis nyuaj dua li nrog cov neeg tua rog Lavxias. Ntawd yog, qhov tseeb, koj kuj muaj "freebie" nyob rau sab hnub poob. Txog thaum kev tua neeg pov tseg ntawm kev xaiv foob pob pib. Tab sis rau qee qhov laj thawj koj tsis nco qab Lavxias Pe-2 lossis Il-2, lossis Lus Askiv Lancaster, Halifax thiab Stirling. Cov txiv neej no, uas ua rau koj ntshai nrog ntau qhov kev tiv thaiv nyob saum ntuj, tiag tiag ya los tua koj tus poj niam thiab menyuam, thiab koj xav txog cov ntxhais. Nws yog kev tu siab uas yuav tsis muaj lus teb, tab sis kuv xav nug - koj puas yuav yeej qhov kev ua tsov rog ntawm txoj sia nyob nrog tus cwj pwm no?

Nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, tsis muaj leej twg yuam cov neeg German kom nce toj hauv qab IL-2 lub tshuab phom loj. Yog koj tsis xav mus, tsis txhob mus. Cov lus txib tsis xav kom tua Il-2 lossis Pe-2. Nws tsuas yog xav kom tsoo ntau npaum li "qee yam" li sai tau. Tua ib leeg LaGG-3 hauv kev dhia dej! Tsis muaj kev hem thawj. Nws tsis yog qhov tseeb tias ib tus neeg yuav tua koj ntawm lub hom phiaj sib ntaus. Cov lus txib txhawb lawv rau cov haujlwm no, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo ib yam li txoj haujlwm tau teeb tsa. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Germans yog "Yos Hav Zoov Dawb". Cov qhab nias siab, thiab Soviet lub dav hlau tua phom tau foob pob Wehrmacht cov tub rog ntau ntxiv. Thiab nyob rau sab hnub poob, tsis muaj kev xaiv - tsuas muaj ib lub hom phiaj xwb. Thiab txhua qhov kev tawm tsam los ntawm lub hom phiaj no tau lees tias yuav rov tua hluav taws.

Golodnikov Nikolai Gerasimovich: "Hauv cov chaw uas txoj hmoo ntawm kev ua tsov rog tau txiav txim siab, tus kws tsav dav hlau tsis xav ya. Nws raug xa mus rau ntawd los ntawm kev xaj, vim tus tsav nws tus kheej yuav tsis ya mus rau ntawd, thiab tib neeg koj tuaj yeem nkag siab nws - txhua tus xav nyob. Thiab "kev ywj pheej" muab rau tus tsav dav hlau "txoj cai" kom zam qhov chaw no. Qhov "loophole" hloov mus ua "qhov". "Kev yos hav zoov dawb" yog txoj hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua rog rau tus kws tsav dav hlau thiab qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws rau nws pab tub rog. Vim li cas? Vim tias yuav luag txhua qhov kev txaus siab ntawm tus neeg tsav dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv nrog kev txaus siab ntawm nws cov lus txib thiab cov lus txib ntawm pab tub rog uas dav hlau muab. Muab txhua tus kws tsav dav hlau ua tiav kev ywj pheej ntawm kev nqis tes ua zoo li muab kev ywj pheej rau txhua tus tub rog me me nyob hauv tshav rog - khawb qhov koj xav tau, tua thaum koj xav tau. Nws yog lus dag ".

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg German tsis txaus ntseeg txo qis kev ua tiav ntawm kev yeej. Raws li tau hais los saum no, yeej yeej ib txwm hais dhau los. Tus tsav dav hlau tuaj yeem ntseeg qhov kev yeej, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg qhov no. Kev ua tsov rog nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj tau tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev hais tsis tseeb - nws raug rho tawm ntawm lub dav hlau tshuab ib leeg, uas pib haus luam yeeb. Thiab poob qhov chaw. Los yog tsis tau poob. Ib qhov twg hauv lub tebchaws uas loj heev. Leej twg yuav nrhiav nws? Thiab dab tsi yuav tshuav ntawm nws tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg? Hlawv cav thaiv? Koj yeej tsis paub lawv dag ib ncig ntawm kab hauv ntej. Sau -downed. Thiab nyob sab hnub poob? B-17 tsis yog lub dav hlau tua rog, tsis yog rab koob, koj tsis tuaj yeem cia li plam nws. Thiab nws yuav tsum poob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm Reich - mus rau hauv lub tebchaws uas muaj neeg coob nyob hauv tebchaws Yelemes, thiab tsis mus rau hauv hav suab puam Donetsk steppes. Ntawm no koj tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees tus naj npawb ntawm yeej - txhua yam nyob hauv qhov pom tag nrho. Yog li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm yeej nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm cov neeg German tsis loj npaum li nyob rau sab Hnub Tuaj. Thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua siab phem tsis ntev li ntawd.

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Hauv nruab nrab-1944, teeb meem rau cov neeg German tau los nag ib qho dhau ib qho. Mus rau "lub fortresses" bristling nrog rab phom tshuab tau ntxiv cov neeg tawm tsam tiv thaiv - "Thunderbolts" thiab "Mustangs", uas tam sim no ya los ntawm cov tshav dav hlau txuas ntxiv mus. Cov neeg tua rog zoo, ua tau zoo hauv kev tsim khoom thiab muaj cuab yeej zoo. Qhov thib ob pem hauv ntej tau qhib. Txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg German txij li xyoo 1943 tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Qhov kawg ntawm 1944, vim muaj kev sib koom ua ke, nws tsis tuaj yeem raug xaiv los ua kev puas tsuaj loj - uas yog qhov kawg. Txhua yam uas cov neeg German tuaj yeem ua hauv qhov xwm txheej no yog kom swb, dua li cawm ntau txhiab tus neeg ntawm German, Soviet thiab Asmeskas cov neeg.

lus xaus

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, tsis muaj ib yam xav tsis thoob hauv qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb thaum xub thawj paub qhov tseeb. Lawv txhua tus sawv hauv ib txoj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm keeb kwm.

Qhov yuam kev tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg German yog kev txiav txim siab tawm tsam USSR yam tsis tau hloov pauv lub tswv yim zoo, tawm tswv yim, thiab tsis hloov kev lag luam mus rau kev ua tub rog. Txhua yam uas ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv Tebchaws Europe, xis nyob, xis nyob, compact, tsis ua haujlwm hauv Russia. Yuav kom lav tau lawv txoj kev vam meej, cov neeg German tau npaj ua ntej tsim ntau txhiab lub dav hlau thiab cob qhia ntau txhiab tus kws tsav dav hlau. Tab sis lawv tsis muaj sijhawm rau qhov no - kev npaj yuav siv sijhawm ob peb xyoos, thaum lub sijhawm USSR muaj sijhawm los ua kom tiav cov tub rog thiab tub rog huab cua nrog cov cuab yeej tshiab thiab tshem tawm ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev yuav tsum tau ua rau yeej German. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, Cov neeg German tsis muaj lub siab xav txi lawv qhov kev ntsuas thiab kev vam meej hauv lub neej vim yog kev ua tsov rog ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Kev ntseeg hauv kev ua tiav ntawm blitzkrieg thiab qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm USSR, ua ke nrog kev tsis txaus siab los hloov lub neej zoo ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, ua rau cov neeg German swb.

Kev ua ntawm German kev ya dav hlau, tsom mus rau qhov qhia tau zoo ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo, tig los ua qhov tsis txaus. Tus cwj pwm loj tau txi rau qhov zoo. Tab sis hauv kev cog lus me me nyob sab Europe tsis xav tau. Txawm li cas los xij, ib nrais muag ntawm daim duab qhia chaw txaus kom nkag siab tias txhua yam yuav txawv nyob hauv Russia. Tsis muaj qhov zoo txaus txaus, tab sis lub dav hlau me me nyob ntawm no. Yuav tsum muaj tus cwj pwm loj ntawm no. Thiab qhov loj ntawm tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau qhov ua tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm ua kom loj heev thiab tib lub sijhawm qib siab hauv chav kawm Air Force nrog thev naus laus zis zoo thiab ace cov kws tsav dav hlau xav tau kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg thiab lub sijhawm ntev, uas keeb kwm tsis tau tso tseg ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes lossis USSR. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev swb ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees yog qhov tsis yooj yim sua - nws tsuas yog teeb meem ntawm lub sijhawm.

Golodnikov Nikolai Gerasimovich: "… thaum Mueller raug tua, nws raug coj tuaj rau peb. Kuv nco nws zoo, ntawm qhov siab nruab nrab, tsim kev ncaws pob, taub hau liab. Thaum nug txog Hitler, nws hais tias nws tsis tau hais phem txog "kev nom kev tswv", qhov tseeb, nws tsis ntxub cov neeg Lavxias, nws yog "ncaws pob", qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau nws - tua ntau dua. Nws "pab pawg npog" tau sib ntaus, tab sis nws yog "ncaws pob", nws xav tau - nws yuav ntaus, nws xav tau - nws yuav tsis ntaus. Kuv tau txais qhov kev xav tias ntau tus neeg tsav dav hlau German yog cov "ncaws pob" zoo li no.

- Thiab kev ua tsov rog rau peb cov kws tsav dav hlau yog dab tsi?

- Rau kuv tus kheej, tib yam rau txhua tus. Txoj hauj lwm. Hnyav, ntshav, qias neeg, txaus ntshai thiab ua haujlwm tas li. Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus nws tsuas yog vim koj tab tom tiv thaiv koj lub tebchaws. Nws tsis hnov tsw zoo li kis las ntawm no."

Hauv qhov xaus, Kuv xav ntxiv tias hom ntawv ntawm tsab xov xwm tsis muab rau kev nthuav tawm ntawm ntau qhov txaus nyiam heev ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv huab cua. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog, kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm ob tog tsis tau kov tag nrho, lub ntsiab lus ntawm Qiv-Qiv tsis tau hais txog, thiab lwm yam. Txhua yam no xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntxaws dua li kev ua haujlwm txo hwj chim ntawm keeb kwm buff. Tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog cov lus hais tawm. Peb yuav tsum txwv cov lus uas tau hais los ntawm cov neeg koom nrog ncaj qha hauv cov xwm txheej, txwv peb tus kheej rau qee tus neeg tim khawv. Txhua tus neeg txaus siab rau lub ncauj lus no yuav tsum xa mus rau cov hauv paus hauv paus txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov kev paub tiav tiag tiag.

Siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv:

1. Drabkin A. Kuv tau tawm tsam tus neeg sib ntaus.

2. Drabkin A. Kuv tawm tsam ntawm Il-2.

3. Drabkin A. Kuv tau tawm tsam hauv SS thiab Wehrmacht.

4. Isaev A. V. 10 zaj dab neeg hais txog Great Patriotic War.

5. Krivosheev G. F. Russia thiab USSR hauv kev ua tsov rog ntawm xyoo pua 20th: poob ntawm cov tub rog.

6. Kev sib ntaus ntawm Luftwaffe: nce thiab poob ntawm Hitler lub dav hlau (txhais los ntawm P. Smirnov).

7. Schwabedissen V. Stalin's falcons: kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev nqis tes ua ntawm Soviet aviation xyoo 1941-1945.

yim. Anokhin V. A., Bykov M. Yu. Tag nrho cov Stalin tus fighter regiments.

9. Il-2 nres dav hlau // Aviation thiab Cosmonautics. 2001. Nos. 5-6.

10. www.airwar.ru.

11.https://bdsa.ru.

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