Thaum lub sijhawm tsis ntev los no mus ntsib Thawj Tswj Hwm Lavxias Dmitry Medvedev rau PRC, tsis muaj kev cog lus ntawm kev koom tes ua tub rog-txuj ci tau kos npe. Pab rau Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Sergei Prikhodko tau hais rau lub Cuaj Hlis 24 tias Moscow thiab Beijing yuav tsis xaus qhov kev pom zoo tshiab hauv kev sib koom tes ntawm kev ua tub rog, txawm hais tias, raws li nws hais tias, "muaj ntau txoj haujlwm raug txiav txim siab, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsav dav hlau thiab teeb meem naval. " Prikhodko lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm kev txo qis ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias xa mus rau Tuam Tshoj, nrog rau teeb meem kev sib tw ntawm Russia thiab Tuam Tshoj hauv kev lag luam ntawm peb lub tebchaws.
Lub sijhawm ntawm Kev Loj Hlob-Xa khoom xa tuaj yog ua tiav
Txij li thaum ntxov xyoo 1990, Tuam Tshoj, nrog rau Is Nrias teb, tau yog tus loj tshaj plaws tuaj nqa riam phom Lavxias rau lub sijhawm ntev. Kev xa khoom loj tau ua hauv thaj av ntawm kev siv dav hlau thiab khoom siv tub rog, nrog rau cov tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua.
Raws li World Arms Trade Analysis Center (CAMTO), Tuam Tshoj tau dhau los ua tus neeg yuav khoom dav hlau loj tshaj plaws ntawm tsev neeg Su-27 / Su-30. Tag nrho ntawm 178 Su-27 / Su-30 cov neeg tua rog raug xa mus rau PRC, suav nrog 38 Su-27SK ib lub rooj sib ntaus sib tua thiab 40 Su-27UBK ob lub rooj sib ntaus sib ntaus sib tua, 76 Su-30MKK sib ntaus sib tua thiab 24 Su-30MK2 cov fighters …. Coj mus rau hauv tus account 105 Su-27SKs sib sau ua ke hauv Shenyang raws li daim ntawv tso cai, tag nrho tus naj npawb ntawm Su-hom sib ntaus hauv Suav teb yog 283 lub dav hlau.
Hais txog kev tso cai sib sau ua ke ntawm Su-27SK lub dav hlau hauv Shenyang, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias rov qab rau xyoo 1996, Tuam Tshoj tau txais daim ntawv tso cai los tsim 200 Su-27SK lub dav hlau yam tsis muaj cai rov xa mus rau lwm lub tebchaws. Txog thaum kawg xyoo 2007, 105 lub dav hlau tau sib sau los ntawm cov khoom siv tsheb thauj khoom los ntawm Russia. Yav tom ntej, kev sib tham ntawm kev muab lwm 95 lub tsheb siv rau kev sib dhos ntawm Su-27SK mus txog qhov kawg. Qhov tseeb, Beijing tso tseg qhov kev siv txuas ntxiv ntawm daim ntawv tso cai no, tsim lub clone ntawm lub dav hlau no - J -11 fighter.
Tuam Tshoj tau yog cov neeg siv khoom loj tshaj plaws rau Lavxias kev tiv thaiv huab cua rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov khoom xa tawm uas tau pib thaum pib xyoo 1990. Xyoo 1993, thawj zaug, S-300PMU system tau xa mus rau Tuam Tshoj raws li ib feem ntawm ob lub foob pob tiv thaiv dav hlau. Xyoo 1994, daim ntawv cog lus thib ob tau kos npe, raws li xyoo 1996 PLA tau txais S-300PMU-1 kev tiv thaiv huab cua raws li ib feem ntawm plaub qhov kev faib phom.
Raws li ob daim ntawv cog lus, 35 Tor-M1 lub tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua tau xa mus rau PRC hauv ntau pawg: 14 txoj haujlwm xyoo 1997, 13 txoj haujlwm xyoo 1999-2000 thiab 8 txoj hauv xyoo 2001.
Xyoo 2002, daim ntawv cog lus tau kos npe rau muag ob lub S-300FM Rif-M lub nkoj tiv thaiv huab cua tiv thaiv kab ke. Kev xa khoom tau tsim xyoo 2002-2003.
Xyoo 2004, lwm daim ntawv cog lus, kos npe rau xyoo 2001, tau ua tiav rau kev muab S-300PMU-1 kev tiv thaiv huab cua rau Tuam Tshoj, suav nrog plaub lub foob pob tawg.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2004, Rosoboronexport tau kos npe pom zoo nrog Tuam Tshoj ntawm S-300PMU-2 Favorit air defense system. Daim ntawv cog lus no tau dhau los ua thawj qhov kev xa khoom xa mus rau Favourit system, uas Lavxias tau pib txhawb kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb txij xyoo 2001.
Raws li daim ntawv cog lus no, Tuam Tshoj xyoo 2007-2008 tau txais ob lo lus txib 83M6E2, yim lub foob pob tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv kab mob (SAM) 90Zh6E2, ib txheej ntawm 48N6E2 cov dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa.
Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2005, daim ntawv cog lus tau kos npe nrog Suav rau kev xa khoom thib ob ntawm S-300PMU-2 Favorit tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv huab cua, tus nqi kwv yees kwv yees $ 1 nphom.
Hauv TDC ntu hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1990s. Tuam Tshoj tau txais ob lub diesel-hluav taws xob submarines ntawm qhov project 877EKM. Xyoo 1997-1998 Russia tau muab Suav nrog ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel-hluav taws xob ntawm Project 636 "Kilo".
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2002, Rosoboronexport tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus rau kev muab yim Project 636 Kilo diesel-electric submarines rau PLA Navy, nruab nrog Club-S missile system. Qhov feem ntau ntawm kev xa cov submarines no tau pom nyob rau xyoo 2005. Qhov kawg, yim lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel hluav taws xob tau xa rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 2006.
Xyoo 1999-2000, Tuam Tshoj tau txais ob Txoj Haujlwm 956E destroyers ntawm Sovremenny chav kawm nrog 3M-80E Mosquito supersonic anti-ship missiles. Raws li daim ntawv cog lus thib ob hauv xyoo 2005-2006, PLA cov tub rog tau txais ob qhov kev rhuav tshem ntawm qhov kev txhim kho 965EM.
Ntau lub dav hlau dav hlau ntau yam tau xa mus rau PRC, nrog rau riam phom rau hauv av, suav nrog Smerch MLRS, Krasnopol-M UAS, Metis ATGM, Konkurs thiab lwm yam riam phom. Daim ntawv cog lus rau kev xa khoom ntawm cuaj Ka-28 thiab cuaj Ka-31 lub dav hlau helicopters tab tom ua.
Qhov tseeb tias tam sim no Beijing tau txwv kev koom tes nrog Russia ntawm kev yuav khoom siv tub rog yog vim qhov tseeb tias xyoo tas los no lub peev xwm ntawm Suav kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam tau nce ntau, uas, nrog rau nws tus kheej kev txhim kho, ua tiav luam ntau cov qauv ntawm Lavxias riam phom.
Lub sijhawm tam sim no, qhov tshwj xeeb yog RD-93 lub cav, tsim los rau kev siv lub zog ntawm cov neeg Suav sib ntaus FC-1 (JF-17 "Thunder") thiab AL-31FN, uas tau muab rau PRC los ntawm MMPP "Salyut" los hloov pauv lub cav ntawm Su-27 cov neeg sib ntaus, nrog rau kev nruab J-10 lub dav hlau (R&D ntawm AL-31FN lub cav rau Suav J-10 tus neeg tua rog tau ua tiav xyoo 2000).
Yav tom ntej, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias Beijing yuav yuav Su-33 lub dav hlau raws li kev sib tw rau kev cia siab dav hlau nqa khoom ntawm PLA Navy, yog tias daim ntawv Suav Suav ntawm J-15 tsis ua tau raws li qhov xav tau, nrog rau ntau yam Su-35 cov neeg tua rog. Tuam Tshoj tseem yuav yuav cov dav hlau dav hlau rau PLA Air Force's Su-27 / Su-30 fighters.
Cov neeg sib ntaus los ntawm lawj xeeb ntawm Su-33 yam xav tau los ntawm PRC hauv kev sib txuas nrog cov phiaj xwm rau kev tsim kho lub dav hlau nqa khoom. Tuam Tshoj pib sib tham nrog Russia txog kev yuav Su-33 ntau xyoo dhau los. Thaum xub thawj, nws yog hais txog kev yuav ob lub Su-33s los ntsuas lawv lub dav hlau kev ua tau zoo. Russia tsis txaus siab rau qhov kev xaiv no. Tom qab ntawd, Beijing tau hais kom Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Lavxias muag ib pawg ntawm 12-14 lub tsheb. Txawm li cas los xij, Moscow txiav txim siab qhov kev xaiv no tseem tsis tuaj yeem lees txais rau nws tus kheej. Nrog rau qhov kev xaj, nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los tsim cov kab tsim khoom. Ib qho ntxiv, Lavxias tau ntshai tsam thev naus laus zis xau, vim tias PRC muaj kev paub tshwj xeeb hauv kev luam cov riam phom Lavxias.
Sukhoi qhov kev thov zaum kawg tau hu rau kev xa mus rau Tuam Tshoj ntawm thawj pawg ntawm 12-14 Su-33s hauv kev teeb tsa tus qauv, uas yuav siv los ntawm PLA Navy raws li pab pawg cob qhia, thiab 36 lossis ntau dua cov neeg nqa khoom-raws li kev sib ntaus. Thaum kawg, txawm li cas los xij, kev sib tham tau mus txog qhov tsis xwm yeem. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ua ke nrog kev sib tham ntev nrog Russia ntawm kev yuav Su-33, Tuam Tshoj tau ua haujlwm ib txhij rau kev tsim J-15, uas yog clone ntawm Su-33.
Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2010, yuav muaj lub rooj sib tham tom ntej ntawm Lavxias-Suav kev sib koom tes ntawm tsoomfwv txog kev koom tes ua tub rog-txuj ci. Tej zaum ntawm lub rooj sib tham no qhov teeb meem ntawm J-15 (clone Su-33) thiab J-11 (clone Su-27SK) yuav raug tsa. Tsoomfwv Lavxias npaj siab yuav daws cov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej cuab tam uas tau kos npe los ntawm RF thiab PRC.
Yav tom ntej, kev muag khoom Lavxias RD-93 thiab AL-31FN cov cav rau PRC tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv yog tias lawv cov neeg Suav tsis ua tau raws li qhov xav tau yam ntxwv.
Ntxiv rau kev txo qis kev xa tub rog mus rau Tuam Tshoj, nyob rau lub sijhawm ze, Russia yuav ntsib kev sib tw nyuaj los ntawm PRC hauv kev lag luam ntawm ntau lub tebchaws hauv Asia, Africa thiab Latin America, uas tsis tuaj yeem them taus yuav riam phom tsim sab hnub poob.
Yav dhau los, Lavxias tau ua tiav kev sib tw nrog Tuam Tshoj hauv nqe nqe no. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no tus nqi ntawm riam phom Lavxias tau caum nrog Western cov qauv siv riam phom. Vim li no, Beijing yuav pib maj mam tshem tawm Russia los ntawm kev lag luam ntawm ntau lub tebchaws uas muaj pob nyiaj siv tub rog tsawg. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tus nqi ntawm cov riam phom uas neeg Suav nyiam tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam yog 20-40% qis dua li cov neeg Lavxias uas lawv tau theej lossis tsim los ntawm lawv lub hauv paus.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, PRC muab cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib hais haum, kev txais nyiaj txiag, qiv nyiaj, nrog rau kev them nyiaj ib zaug.
PRIORITIES NTAWM CHINESE DIC
Tuam Tshoj muaj ntau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tub rog. Cov no yog cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm plaub thiab thib 5 tiam, lub dav hlau tua rog thiab lub hom phiaj dav dav, lub dav hlau AWACS, lub L-15 UTS / UBS thiab lub dav hlau thauj. Ib qho ntxiv, ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm UAV tau raug tsim.
PRC cia siab tias yuav ua tiav kev txhim kho ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thib 5 los ntawm 2020. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsheb tseem tsis tau paub.
Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2009, thawj qhov kev sim ua tiav ntawm J-15 tus neeg nqa khoom sib ntaus sib tua (Su-33 clone) tau ua tiav.
Kev tshaj tawm kev lag luam nquag tau tshaj tawm los txhawb nqa J-10 cov neeg sib ntaus rau lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam. Thawj tus neeg siv khoom yog Pakistan, uas yuav muab nrog 36 lub tsheb. Yav tom ntej, Islamabad yuav yuav ib lub dav hlau ntxiv ntawm J-10.
Ib txoj haujlwm rau kev tso cai tsim hluav taws xob tua hluav taws JF-17 "Thunder" (Suav lub npe FC-1), uas yuav tsum tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Pakistani Air Force nyob rau xyoo tom ntej, tseem tab tom ua nrog Pakistan. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Pakistan npaj tsim kom muaj txog li 250 tus neeg sib ntaus.
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas tsoomfwv Egypt tau pib sib tham nrog Pakistan txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Suav JF-17 (FC-1) cov neeg sib ntaus. Kev ntim khoom yuav yog tsawg kawg 48 units.
Hyundai Aviation Kev Lag Luam Corp. (HAIC) ua tiav txoj kev txhim kho ntawm L-15 ob lub rooj supersonic dav hlau tus kws qhia / UBS thiab pib npaj rau theem tsim khoom me me. Hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam, L-15 yuav yog tus sib tw ncaj qha rau Hawk Mk.128, M-346, T-50 Golden Eagle thiab Yak-130UBS.
Lub xeev cov koom haum AVIC npaj yuav nthuav tawm ib qho qauv ntawm 220-tuj chav kawm hnyav thauj cov dav hlau thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo no. Lub luag haujlwm rau txoj haujlwm yog Xian Aircraft (ib feem ntawm AVIC).
Thaum lub Peb Hlis xyoo no, thawj daim qauv ntawm AC313 lub dav hlau hnyav tsim los ntawm Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AICC) tau ua nws lub dav hlau ya thawj zaug. Lub peev xwm nqa lub nyoob hoom qav taub yog 13.5 tons, thiab yav tom ntej nws tuaj yeem nce mus txog 15 tons.
AVIC Corporation thaum Lub Yim Hli xyoo no tau nthuav tawm thawj qhov qauv ntawm Z-19 qhov dav hlau tua phom tshiab tsim los tua cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Lub tshuab tshiab tau tsim los ntawm Z-9W lub dav hlau nres qhov haujlwm, uas yog kev hloov kho ntawm AS-365N ua raws li ntawv tso cai Fabkis.
Tuam Tshoj muab cov riam phom niaj hnub no hauv lwm ntu ib yam nkaus. Tshwj xeeb, CPMIEC (Tuam Tshoj Lub Tebchaws Kev Ruaj Ntseg Machinery Txawv Tebchaws thiab Kev Lag Luam Tshaj Tawm) muab HQ-9 nyuaj (xa tawm npe FD-2000) rau Turkish kev sib tw rau kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntev-ntau. Hauv qhov kev sib tw no, Tuam Tshoj sib tw nrog Russia, nrog rau Lockheed Martin / Raytheon consortium.
Tuam Tshoj muab kev sib tw rau lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam hauv ntu ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog, tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog, MLRS, radars tiv thaiv huab cua, MANPADS, tiv thaiv cov foob pob hluav taws, ATGMs, thiab SAO.
Piv txwv li, Suav tuam txhab Poly Technologies muab cov neeg siv khoom txawv teb chaws txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm 122-mm Hom-81 ntau lub foob pob hluav taws tsim los ntawm North Industries Corp. (NCO).
NORINCO tseem tau tsim VP1 taug qab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog, uas nthuav dav cov khoom lag luam uas tau xa tawm los ntawm lub tuam txhab no.
Lub tuam txhab Poly Technologies tab tom siv phiaj xwm kev lag luam txhawm rau txhawb nqa WZ-523 cov tub rog tiv thaiv cov tub rog nrog rau 6x6 log kev teeb tsa raws li lub npe "Hom-05P" hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam.
NORINCO tau tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm kev lag luam los txhawb nqa AR3 MLRS tshiab rau lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam. Kev teeb tsa tau tsim los ntawm 8x8 lub tsheb loj ua haujlwm tau zoo, uas twb tau siv ntawm AR1A thiab AR2 MLRS yav dhau los tau txais thiab muab rau kev xa tawm.
CAO PLZ-45 txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem yog txoj haujlwm ua tiav. 155-mm PLZ-45 CJSC tau xaj los ntawm Kuwait thiab Saudi Arabia.
Thawj thawj zaug, Tuam Tshoj tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus sib tw tiag hauv ntiaj teb uas tsis yog nuclear submarine kev lag luam. Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, ntawm tsoomfwv qib, Tuam Tshoj thiab Pakistan tau sib tham txog qhov muaj peev xwm muab ntau lub nkoj xa mus rau Pakistani Navy. Hom submarines thiab lub sijhawm xa khoom tuaj yeem tsis tau tshaj tawm.
Hauv kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis, Tuam Tshoj twb tau ua haujlwm zoo nyob rau hauv ntu ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws thiab nkoj saib xyuas, nrog rau cov nkoj loj.
POSITION OF PRC IN THE WORLD WEAPON MARKETS
Raws li TSAMTO, Pakistan yuav suav txog ib nrab ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tub rog xa tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev faib tawm ntawm lwm lub tebchaws hauv kev suav tag nrho ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tub rog xa khoom yuav maj mam nce.
Qhov faib thib ob ntawm cov neeg xa khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm Suav MPP nyob rau lub sijhawm ze yuav suav nrog Myanmar, Venezuela thiab Egypt. Iran txoj kev lag luam tseem muaj lus nug.
Qhov thib peb faib raws li tus nqi xa tawm yuav tsim los ntawm Morocco, Saudi Arabia thiab Ecuador.
Tuam Tshoj yuav nthuav nws cov khoom lag luam xws li Bolivia, Qaib ntxhw, Indonesia, Thaib, Kenya, Nigeria, Timor Leste, Peru, Bangladesh, Bangladesh, Ghana thiab Argentina.
Tam sim no, cov qauv ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tub rog xa tawm zoo ib yam li Russia 10 xyoo dhau los. Tsis zoo li Lavxias, feem ntau ntawm nws cov khoom xa tawm mus rau Tuam Tshoj thiab Is Nrias teb, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev xa khoom tub rog feem ntau yog tsom rau Pakistan. Tim lyiv teb chaws yog tus neeg xa khoom loj tshaj plaws thib ob ntawm Suav, nyob tom qab Pakistan.
Qhov tsis sib xws no tseem tau lees paub los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tub rog xa tawm. Tshaj li 8 xyoo dhau los (2002-2009), thaj tsam APR hauv tag nrho cov nyiaj tshuav ntawm kev xa tub rog ntawm PRC muaj txog 56%, Middle East - 25.4%, lub tebchaws "dub" Africa (xeev nyob rau sab qab teb) ntawm Sahara Desert) - 12.9%, South America - 4.3%, North thiab North -East Africa - 1.4%. Tshaj li 8 xyoo dhau los, Tuam Tshoj tsis ua tiav qhov kev nce qib hauv tsib cheeb tsam hauv ntiaj teb - North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, cov tebchaws nyob rau tom qab Soviet chaw thiab cov tebchaws ntawm Central America thiab Caribbean.
Raws li TSAMTO, nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 2002-2009 hais txog qhov ntim ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov tub rog xa tawm, Tuam Tshoj nyob rau qib 12 hauv ntiaj teb (4, 665 txhiab daus las).
Qhov ntim ntau ntawm MPP xa tawm thaum lub sijhawm no poob rau Pakistan - 1.979 nphom nyiaj, uas yog 42.4% ntawm tag nrho ntim ntawm MPP kev xa tawm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Qhov thib ob yog nyob ntawm Egypt (502 lab daus las, 10.8%), qhov chaw thib peb yog Iran (260.5 lab daus las, 5.6%).
Ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov tebchaws no, Russia tsis sib tw nrog Tuam Tshoj hauv Pakistani kev lag luam, vim nws tsis muab cov khoom lag luam tub rog rau lub tebchaws no (tshwj tsis yog thauj lub dav hlau thauj khoom). Ntawm kev ua lag luam Iyiv, Lavxias Lavxias thiab PRC yog cov sib tw ncaj qha hauv ntau lub tshuab riam phom, tshwj xeeb, hauv dav hlau.
Hais txog Iran, thaum Lub Rau Hli 9, 2010, UN Security Council tau lees paub Txoj Cai No. 1929, uas txwv tsis pub muag mus rau Islamic koom pheej ntawm Iran ntawm tag nrho xya pawg ntawm cov riam phom zoo ib yam raws li UN Register classification. Tuam Tshoj thiab Russia tau pov npav pom zoo rau qhov kev daws teeb meem no.
Pawg thib ob ntawm cov neeg xa khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm Suav caj npab nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 2002-2009 suav nrog Nigeria ($ 251.4 lab), Bangladesh ($ 221.1 lab), Zimbabwe ($ 203 lab), Kuwait ($ 200 lab) las, Jordan (185 lab daus las), Venezuela (140 lab daus las) thiab Malaysia (100 lab daus las). Ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov tebchaws no, Tuam Tshoj ua ntej Russia hauv Nigeria, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe thiab Kuwait, tseem ceeb tom qab Russia hauv Jordan, Venezuela thiab Malaysia.
Pab pawg thib peb rau lub sijhawm xyoo 2002-2009 suav nrog Thaib ($ 81.3 lab), Cambodia ($ 80 lab), Myanmar ($ 65.3 lab), Sri Lanka ($ 57.1 lab) $), Sudan ($ 50 lab), Namibia ($ 42 lab), Bolivia ($ 35 lab), Ghana ($ 30 lab), Oman ($ 28 lab) thiab Zambia ($ 15 lab). Hauv pab pawg ntawm cov tebchaws no, Suav tau ua ntej Russia hauv Thaib teb, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Namibia, Bolivia, Oman thiab Zambia. Russia muaj qhov zoo dua hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm Myanmar, Sudan thiab Ghana. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias Tuam Tshoj thiab Russia yuav luag ib txhij nkag mus rau hauv kev cog lus loj nrog Myanmar rau kev muab cov khoom siv dav hlau. Kev xa khoom raws li cov ntawv cog lus tau teem tseg rau xyoo 2010 thiab dhau mus, yog li lawv tsis suav nrog hauv qhov kev suav no. Ntawm tag nrho, kev sib tw nyuaj heev tau tsim hauv Myanmar kev lag luam ntawm Moscow thiab Beijing.
Pawg thib plaub rau lub sijhawm xyoo 2002-2009 suav nrog Mexico ($ 14 lab), Nepal ($ 14 lab).duas las), Indonesia ($ 13, 2 lab), Rwanda ($ 11 lab), Tanzania ($ 11 lab), Peru ($ 10, 5 lab), Algeria ($ 10 lab).), Iraq ($ 10 lab), Kenya ($ 10 lab) thiab Congo ($ 10 lab). Hauv pab pawg ntawm cov tebchaws no, Suav ua ntej Russia hauv Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya thiab Congo. Russia muaj qhov zoo dua hauv Mexico, Indonesia (ntau dhau), Peru, Algeria (ntau dhau), thiab Iraq. Hais txog qhov ntim ntawm kev xa tawm cov khoom lag luam tub rog mus rau Nepal, Lavxias thiab PRC muaj qhov sib npaug.
Pab pawg thib tsib rau lub sijhawm xyoo 2002-2009 suav nrog Gabon ($ 9 lab), Uganda ($ 6 lab), Chad ($ 5 lab), Cameroon ($ 4 lab), Mauritania ($ 1 lab) las, Niger (1 lab daus las). Hauv pab pawg ntawm cov tebchaws no, Suav ua ntej Russia hauv Gabon, Cameroon thiab Mauritania. RF muaj qhov zoo dua hauv Uganda, Chad thiab Niger.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no ntawm kev xaj khoom nrog cov khoom siv tub rog hauv xyoo 2010-2013, Pakistan nyob hauv thawj qhov chaw hauv kev tsim qauv ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tub rog xa tawm - $ 4.421 nphom, lossis 68.2% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov xaj rau lub sijhawm 2010 -2013 hauv 6, 481 nphom nyiaj. Qhov chaw thib ob yog Myanmar (700 lab daus las, lossis 10, 8%). Qhov chaw thib peb yog nyob hauv Venezuela (492 lab daus las, lossis 7, 6%).
Cov chaw tom ntej hauv kev tsim qauv ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tub rog xa khoom xa mus rau xyoo 2010-2013 yog Morocco ($ 300 lab), Saudi Arabia ($ 200 lab), Ecuador ($ 120 lab), Bolivia ($ 57.9 lab)., Indonesia (36 lab daus las), Thaib teb (35, 7 lab daus las), Kenya (30 lab daus las), Timor Sab Hnub Tuaj (28 lab daus las), Peru (24, 2 lab daus las), Bangladesh (18 lab daus las), Ghana (15 lab daus las) thiab Argentina (2.8 lab daus las).
