Cov phom loj
Feem ntau, MTR chav nyob tau yooj yim nruab nrog luv-barreled / folding lossis compact carbine version ntawm tus qauv phom loj nrog lub tsom iav tsom iav, lawv tau pom tias zoo dua rau kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, txawm hais tias lawv qhov kev poob qis hauv qhov ntau, qhov tseeb thiab nkag mus lub zog. Ntau qhov piv txwv tsis ntev los no tshwj xeeb tsim los rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tu ncua yuav yog Colt CAR-15 (tom qab M4 COMMANDO / XM177) thiab Lavxias AKSU-74. Qhov kev txhim kho tshiab tshaj plaws yog Israeli IWI GALIL ACE, raws li cov txheej txheem pov thawj ntawm GALIL rab phom, tab sis nrog chav rau 5.56 hli puag ncig, nws tau nruab nrog lub taub qab tsom iav. ACE muaj nyob hauv peb qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev pom collimator. Lub lens tau siv los tsim cov duab virtual (saum) ntawm cov khoom liab. Los ntawm kev sib sau cov duab siv lub lens tsom iav (nruab nrab) lossis lub lens refractive (hauv qab), cov duab tuaj yeem kwv yees mus rau qhov tsis muaj qhov kawg
Thaum ntxov xyoo 2004, Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb hauv Asmeskas tau tshaj tawm SCAR (Tshwj Xeeb Cov Tub Rog Raug Riam Phom Loj) xav tau rau tsev neeg ntawm kev tua phom loj rau MTR. Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua yog ob qhov ntsuas sib txawv, sib hloov pauv tau zoo ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov zoo tib yam ergonomics. Tom qab thawj qhov kev sim hauv kev xaiv ua ntej, SCAR system tsim los ntawm FN Herstal tseem yog thawj qhov thiab tsuas yog xaiv cov lus txib. SCAR system suav nrog ob lub phom loj uas hloov pauv tau yooj yim, piv txwv li 5.56x45 mm NATO SCAR-Light (lossis SCAR-L) thiab 7.62x51 mm NATO SCAR-Hnyav (lossis SCAR-H), thiab txhim kho lub foob pob foob pob (EGLM lossis FN40GL)). Ob qho SCAR platform muaj nrog ob qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev: lub CQC chim rau kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab cov txheej txheem txheem rau ntau qhov ntev
Kev tshawb nrhiav Asmeskas MTR cov tub rog nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua yooj yim coj, ua ntej, txhawm rau txhim kho qhov hu ua SOPMOD cov khoom siv (Kev Ua Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb Peculiar Kev Hloov Kho-kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb), nws feem ntau yog cov khoom lag luam npaj ua tiav rau M4 carbine. Txawm hais tias pib tsim los ntawm MTR cov lus txib rau nws tus kheej thiab tau tshaj tawm rau cov tub rog tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv SOPMOD tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev ntawm cov tub rog, ib nrab vim yog nws qhov txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis kuj ib nrab vim qee qhov "MTR paub tsis meej".
Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 2003, USSOCOM - tseem ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm MTR vim yog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lawv siv nyob rau theem qhib ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Kev Ruaj Ntseg Ruaj Ntseg - txiav txim siab txav mus dhau SOPMOD thiab tau pib lub phiaj xwm zoo rau rab phom tshiab tshwj xeeb tsim rau lawv tus kheej cov kev xav tau - SCAR (SOF Combat Assault Rifle - tua phom loj rau MTR). Thaum xub thawj, nws tau xeeb los ua ntau lub tshuab ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm siv tau (tau kawg, los ntawm kev hloov lub thoob thiab lwm qhov chaw tseem ceeb) tsis yog tsuas yog Western cartridges, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov cartridges Lavxias "tso tawm" tom qab ua haujlwm, tab sis txij thaum ntawd los kev txiav txim siab tau coj mus rau qhov nqaim ntawm qhov kev xaiv: Cartridges xws li 5.56 mm lossis 7.62 mm NATO tus qauv. FN Herstal, ua haujlwm dhau los ntawm nws cov neeg koom hauv Asmeskas FNH, tsim tsev neeg tshiab ntawm riam phom nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm 10 lub hlis, thiab tom qab kev sib piv sib tw tau yeej qhov kev cog lus sib xws.
SCAR qhov kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb yuav tso cai rau USSOCOM cov neeg ua haujlwm txhawm rau teeb tsa lawv cov riam phom raws li qhov hnyav 5.56mm carbine rau kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv nroog ntawm ib sab thiab raws li 7.62mm ntev-ntau qhov tseeb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav carbine ntawm lwm qhov. Qhov "H" (Hnyav) kev xaiv kuj tseem yuav muaj rau kev nkag mus ntxiv. Hauv kev coj ua, USSOCOM tau txiav qhov Gordian pob ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm 5.56mm puag ncig los ntawm kev txais tos yooj yim, uas yog, yog tias tsim nyog, hloov mus rau qub 7.62mm cartridge.
SCAR tsuas yog siv phom sab hnub poob tsim tshwj xeeb rau siv los ntawm MTR thiab muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam. Hauv USSOCOM, nws yuav tsum hloov tsib hom riam phom: Mk18 CQBR, M4A1, Mk12 SPR, Mk11 SASS thiab Mk14 EBR.
Ib pawg tshwj xeeb kuj tseem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua tus neeg nruab nrab ntawm SMG thiab phom ntev, txawm hais tias hauv cov ntsiab lus kev siv nws yuav raug dua los hais tias qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kawg. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm riam phom uas muaj nyob rau hauv 5.56mm thiab 9mm version, lossis ntau qhov txaus siab, tus neeg siv tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau yooj yim los ntawm ib lub peev xwm mus rau lwm qhov. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm qhov riam phom ob-caliber no yog kom yooj yim logistics, thiab nws tseem yuav tso cai rau kev qhia ntawm ib qho riam phom, thaum muab kev daws teeb meem yooj yim rau MTR cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Ib qho piv txwv tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm chav kawm no yog IWI X95, raws li TAVOR phom ntev. Nws yog qhov nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias IWI thawj zaug tsim thiab ua lag luam tsuas yog 9mm riam phom hu ua Mini-TAVOR. Qhov no yog qhov xav tau ntawm Israeli MTR, uas coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias Mini-TAVOR tau raug tso tseg thiab nws tau hloov pauv los ntawm tus qauv ob-caliber.
MTR cov chav yog tus pib thiab thawj cov neeg siv tam sim no muaj npe nrov loj-caliber cov phom ntev los rhuav tshem lub zog thiab khoom siv. Daim duab no qhia txog McMillan TAC-50 ua haujlwm nrog Asmeskas MTR
IWI X95 yog rab phom zoo ib yam los ntawm pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm ob rab phom loj. Tso cai rau koj hloov sai los ntawm 5.56x45 daim cartridge mus rau 9x19 daim cartridge raws li txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm
Mk11 ntsiag to rab phom ntev tau tsim los rau MTR raws li cov khoom lag luam; txij thaum ntawd los nws tau txais yuav los ntawm Asmeskas pab tub rog ib yam nkaus
Tsis zoo li lwm cov tub rog, MTR cov tub rog muaj kev txaus siab rau rab phom thiab siv lawv. Daim duab yog rab yaj phom Heckler & Koch HK45.
Cov phom sniper
MTR chav nyob feem ntau siv tib rab phom-phom sniper siv los ntawm tub rog, txawm li cas los xij lawv tuaj yeem tau txais qhov zoo dua (thiab kim dua) qhov muag nyob rau qee lub sijhawm. Lwm qhov teeb meem, txawm li cas los xij, yog cov phom phom me me, uas feem ntau tsis txaus siab rau pab tub rog (tab sis qhov no tau hloov tam sim no, pov thawj yog M110 SASS tshiab rau Asmeskas pab tub rog), tab sis tseem ceeb heev rau cov haujlwm ntawm MTR. Finnish Vaime SSR Mk1 (7.62mm NATO) yog qhov kev tsim qauv nrov heev, thaum lwm tus qauv tau tshwm sim, xws li Kev Ruaj Ntseg Thoob Ntiaj Teb AWC Npog nrog cov khoom sib dhos (tsis tshua muaj kev daws teeb meem rau cov phom ntev) thiab lub thoob tshem tawm / ua-nyob rau hauv ntsiag to. kom thauj tau yooj yim dua, uas yog lus xaiv los ua tub rog nrog 1st SFOD-D (Delta Force group) ua ib feem ntawm USSOCOM, rab phom British 22 SAS, thiab zoo ib yam li Fab Kis PGM Ultima Ratio / Txhawb Nqa. Nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov cuam tshuam tiag tiag yuav tsum muaj cov kab ntawv me me (txawm yog vim tsim lossis ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev), uas txo qis qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev puas tsuaj mus rau 200-400 meters.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws qhov xwm txheej ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm, MTR snipers muaj feem ntau yuav siv cov phom ib nrab tsis siv neeg; qhov no tau coj hauv ntau kis mus rau kev saws cov cuab yeej hloov kho qib siab rau cov phom lossis cov qauv tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau MTR. Ib qho piv txwv raug yog Mk12Mod0 / 1 SPR (Lub Hom Phiaj Tshwj Xeeb Phom) nrog 5.56mm NATO daim cartridge, tsim los ntawm Crane Division of the US Naval Surface Weapons Research Center. Nws yog ua raws AR15 / M16 lub cev, tab sis tau ua tiav los ntawm cov khoom tsim ua ntej, suav nrog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog 18-nti hnyav-ua haujlwm, ntab-mount stainless hlau phom phom tsim los ntawm Douglas Barrel thiab M4 Rail Adapter (RAS) los ntawm Knights Armament Company. SPR, ua haujlwm nrog SEALS Cov Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb Tshwj Xeeb, ua kom zoo rau Mk262 daim npav nrog 77 g mos txwv (Mod 0 = HPBT, Hollow Point Boat Tail (cartridge nrog lub thais hauv lub taub hau thiab nrog cov kab sib tw), Mod 1 = OPM, Qhib Ntsiab Lus Match).
Ua ntej kev txhim kho SPR, USSOCOM qhia txog Mk11Mod0 phom ntev nrog 7.62mm NATO daim cartridge. Nov yog qhov hloov kho ntawm KAC's SR-25 tus qauv thiab tsis ntev los no tau txais los ntawm Asmeskas Cov Tub Rog nrog rau M110 SASS phom loj (nrog rau kev hloov pauv me me ntxiv).
Cia peb tsiv mus rau Russia. SVD-S yog qhov sib txawv nrog cov khoom sib dhos ntawm cov dav SVD Dragunov phom ntev nrog rab phom 7.62x54R. Ameslikas tsim los rau parachutists, nws kuj tau txais los ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb. Kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntxiv rau MTR yog SVU-OT 03, nthuav tawm xyoo 1991. Qhov riam phom ntawm cov phiaj xwm bullpup (lub tshuab tua hluav taws thiab cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj muaj nyob tom qab qhov tswj tuav tswj hluav taws (sab hauv qab)) raws li SVD, tab sis muaj lub thoob luv dua, thaum SVU-A version muaj hom tsis siv neeg tag nrho. Tshaj tawm tias, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb xav paub qhov sib zog ntawm riam phom (tag nrho ntev 900 mm, hnyav 4 kg yam tsis muaj khoom siv ntxiv).
Feem ntau, MTR chav nyob yog cov neeg tsim khoom thiab thawj tus neeg siv riam phom loj los rhuav tshem tib neeg thiab cov khoom siv nyob deb, uas txij li tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam nyob hauv cov tub rog hauv ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li, qhov yuav tsum tau tsim los ntawm Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb hauv xyoo 1983 rau qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab nruab nrab ntawm 7.62 mm NATO thiab 12.7x99 (.50 BMG), uas yuav tso cai tua kom raug ntau dua ntawm qhov deb txog li 1200-1550 m, coj mus rau kev qhia tom ntej thiab nthuav dav nthuav tawm ntawm daim cartridge zoo heev.338 Lapua Magnum (8.6x70). Barrett M82A1 / A3 yeej yog 12.7mm riam phom uas tau nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb, thaum cov qauv European tuaj yeem suav nrog Kev Ruaj Ntseg Thoob Ntiaj Teb AW-50 (AS-50 yog qhov hloov pauv ib nrab) thiab PGM HECATE II. Lavxias tsim, tshwj xeeb tsim rau FSB, yog qhov nthuav heev. Qhov no yog rab phom ib nrab tsis siv neeg bullpup. Nws tau nruab nrog lub tshuab nqus dej ua rau hauv lub thoob; qhov tshwj xeeb subsonic cartridge STs-130T 12.7 hli (lub tes tsho ntev tsis paub) tau tsim rau nws nrog cov mos txwv tooj liab hnyav 900-1200 grams.
Cov phom phom
Thaum tsis muaj lub teeb pom kev (LMG, uas yog 5.56 mm NATO) lossis thoob ntiaj teb (GPMG, 7.62 mm NATO) tshuab rab phom tshwj xeeb rau MTR, tab sis dua MTR cov neeg tua rog muaj lub siab tsis kam hloov kho thiab hloov kho cov riam phom uas lawv tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv lawv txhais tes
Piv txwv li, xyoo 2000, USSOCOM, tom qab txheej txheem kev tshuaj xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas ntev, tau siv Mk46Mod0 LMG ua qhov hloov kho tshiab ntawm M249 LAW (FN Herstal MINIMI) ntawm cov tub rog Asmeskas. Kev hloov kho suav nrog, piv txwv li, tsuas yog cov kab xev pub (lwm qhov pub tshem tawm los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm), tshem tawm nqa nqa, thoob luv los ntawm 40 hli, ntxiv titanium bipod, cov khoom tshiab thiab Picatinny tsheb nqaj hlau saum lub hau. Tag nrho qhov ntev tau raug txo mus rau 915 hli thiab qhov hnyav tau txo mus rau 5, 9 kg.
Ntau yam zoo ib yam siv rau GPMG. USSOCOM tau pib saws tus qauv me me ntawm M60 (M60A3 / A4) nrog lub thoob luv dua, sib zog bipod thiab tuav rau pem hauv ntej. Tom qab qee qhov teeb meem kev ntseeg tau vim yog siv riam phom ntau hauv txhais tes ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb, ib txoj haujlwm rau lub tshuab rab phom tshiab LWMG (Lub Teeb Lub Tshuab Tshuab Nyhav) tau pib. Txawm hais tias raug xaiv, nws khaws 7.62mm NATO lub peev xwm. Kev sib tw tau rov yeej los ntawm FN Herstal nrog lwm qhov MINIMI sib txawv, cais los ntawm USSOCOM li Mk48Mod0. Nws khaws cov txheej txheem dav dav ntawm Mk46, tab sis ntev dua - 1010 mm nrog 502 mm chim thiab 8.28 kg hnyav dua tsis muaj mos txwv.
Lwm yam Western LMG cov qauv tsim los rau CCO siv tau yog NEGEV COMMANDO, H&K MG4E thiab Denel Mini SS thiab SS77 Compact.
Qhov txaus siab txaus, Cov kws tua phom Lavxias ua raws nraim txoj hauv kev ntawm kev txhim kho. Tsis zoo li Sab Hnub Poob, thaum xub thawj tsis muaj qhov xav tau rau lub teeb thiab hnyav dua LMG / MG, yooj yim vim tias cov riam phom zoo li RPD, RPK-74 thiab PKMS txaus siab rau qhov kev nkag siab no. Kev sib ntaus hauv tebchaws Afghanistan thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Caucasus, txawm li cas los xij, coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau tsim kom muaj qhov tshwj xeeb rau kev siv riam phom tshwj xeeb ntawm SAW (Squad Automatic Weapon) pawg. Txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua no, TsNI Tochmash tsim Pecheneg raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm PKM nrog hnyav dua chambered rau qhov txaus ntshai 7.62x54R cartridge. Txawm hais tias huab hwm coj tau txo qis me ntsis los ntawm kev tshem tus qauv rau PKM nrawm-tshem tawm lub thoob (cov hlau ua nyob ib puag ncig lub thoob pab kom tawg cua sov, tso cai rau koj tua tsis tu ncua txog 600 mos txwv tsis tawg), tab sis Pecheneg hnyav 8, 7 kg vim lwm qhov kev hloov pauv tsis muaj kev txuag qhov hnyav. Spetsnaz zoo li xav paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov ntev thiab qhov kawg ntawm kev mus ncig ua haujlwm (tseem ceeb heev hauv toj roob hauv pes!), Uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm daim cartridge muaj zog thiab hnyav, uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tau. Raws li riam phom, SAW pawg yuav tsum tsis txhob totaub nrog LMG lossis MG.
Daim duab qhia pom muffled MP-5SD nrog 9x19 SMG daim cartridge nyob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm tus kws ntaus kis las Finnish.
5.56-mm M4 carbine nrog SOPMOD cov khoom hloov kho tam sim no yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm Asmeskas MTR
Ib tus tub rog Suav Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb tub rog ua tub rog nrog Hom 95 5.8x42 phom ntev nrog AG91 40mm tsis siv neeg lub foob pob tawg
Muaj kev lag luam rau PDWs zoo li FN Herstal P90, tab sis tsis loj li qhov xav tau thaum pib
Spetsnaz tam sim no tshuaj xyuas kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm PKM tsim, AEK-999 Badger. Nws nta kev txhim kho ntxiv xws li tuav hauv ntej, lub ntsej muag ntsais ntsais nres / nyem nyem, lub thoob me me (605 mm) thiab tshwj xeeb lub suab ntsiag to.
Ib qho qauv tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov riam phom tshwj xeeb rau MTR yog qhov tshiab 40-hli tsis siv neeg lub foob pob hluav taws Mk47 STRYKER. Nws tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau USSOCOM cov lus txib thiab tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau los ntawm MTR. Theej, nws tau npaj los hloov pauv ncaj qha rau txhua qhov qauv Mk19. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi siab heev ntawm riam phom, nrog rau nws cov mos txwv tshwj xeeb nrog lub fuse nyob ze, coj Pentagon txwv nws cov khoom tsim tawm thiab faib rau USSOCOM. Tsuas yog qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau rau nws nkag mus rau MTR yog tias kev qhia ntau ntxiv ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb thiab kev cia siab tias kev sib ntaus zoo yuav ua rau pom qhov raug ntau dhau.
