Tag nrho chav kawm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob tau qhia tias tsis yog tsuas yog cov cuab yeej siv riam phom nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo, tab sis kuj tseem pheej yig, cov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Yog li, qhov me me tiv thaiv lub tank me tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog ua rau cov yeeb ncuab lub tank puas tsuaj nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yuav rhuav tshem nws yog tias nws mus tau zoo, thiab lub hauv paus pob zeb yooj yim tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov nyuaj rau lub tsheb tiv thaiv. Ntawm qhov yooj yim thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig txhais tau tias muaj teeb meem thiab riam phom, tiv thaiv tank hedgehogs tau txais lub koob meej tshwj xeeb thaum ua tsov rog. Yooj yim heev thiab tsim tau yooj yim, lawv tau pab pab tub rog liab nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua xyoo 1941 thiab txawm dhau los ua ib lub cim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, uas tau ntes hauv ntau cov duab thiab xov xwm ntawm xyoo ntawd.
Tus tiv thaiv tank hedgehog yog qhov yooj yim tiv thaiv lub tank, feem ntau yog peb-seem rau-tus lej duab. Lawv tau pib siv los tsim kev tiv thaiv los ntawm xyoo 1930, piv txwv li, lawv tau siv rau ntawm ciam teb ntawm Czechoslovakia thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Anti-tank hedgehogs tau ua tsis tau zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm rau minefields, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem tsim tawm ntau ntau los ntawm cov khoom seem uas tsis tau siv cov cuab yeej siv siab thiab yooj yim rau kev hloov pauv los ntawm ib feem ntawm hauv ntej mus rau lwm qhov, uas yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua rog.
Thaj, thawj qhov kev sim siv qhov teeb meem tiv thaiv tso tsheb hlau luam tau ua hauv Czechoslovakia (yog li lub npe Askiv rau qhov teeb meem - Czech hedgehog, "Czech hedgehog"). Kev tsim qauv tau thov los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm lub tebchaws no tau rov ua raws li txoj cai ntawm kev tua tsiaj slingshots thaum ub, uas tau siv los tiv thaiv cov tub rog rau ntau pua xyoo thiab tau paub txij li hnub tim Ancient Rome. Tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg Czech ntseeg tias lub laj kab yuav tsum loj heev thiab tsis txav kiag li. Qhov teeb meem no tsis zoo ib yam vim tias siv sijhawm ntau thiab nyiaj tau siv hauv nws cov khoom, txij li nws tau ua los ntawm kev siv cov pob zeb txhawb.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm kev tsim qauv tiv thaiv tank hedgehog tau pom los ntawm Soviet Tus Thawj Coj Loj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Engineering Mikhail Gorikker. Gorikker tsis yog tsuas yog tus tsim khoom zoo, tab sis kuj yog tub rog siab tawv. Yug rov los xyoo 1895 hauv lub nroog Berislav, xeev Kherson, nws tau koom nrog Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, dhau los ua tub rog ntawm ob tug tub rog 'St. George's Crosses ntawm qib 3 thiab qib 4. Txij xyoo 1918 hauv Red Army, nws tau koom nrog hauv kev ua tsov rog. Nyob rau lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua, nws tau tsim txoj haujlwm ua tub rog zoo, kawm tiav los ntawm Stalin Military Academy of Mechanization and Motorization of the Red Army, tau ua tus kws tshaj lij tub rog ntawm Pab Tub Rog Liab tau tsav cov tub rog sib ntaus, hais kom sim cov tub rog tub rog, ua lub taub hau ntawm Moscow Tank Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1941, Mikhail Gorikker yog tus thawj coj ntawm Kiev tank-technical school, tom qab pib ua tsov rog nws tau raug tsa ob lub taub hau ntawm Kiev garrison thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub nroog tiv thaiv. Twb tau nyob rau hnub 12 ntawm kev ua tsov rog, thaum Lub Xya Hli 3, 1941, nws tau tsim thiab suav nws tus kheej ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tank hedgehog, uas tso cai rau nws mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tsov kev rog hauv xyoo pua 20th. Nws lub laj kab engineering, tseem hu ua "Gorriker lub hnub qub", tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus xyoo 1941 hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Odessa, Kiev, Moscow, Leningrad, Sevastopol thiab hauv lwm txoj haujlwm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj.
Lub tswv yim kev tawm tsam ntawm General Gorikker yog qhov kev tiv thaiv tank hedgehog tsis tau tsau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, zoo li nws cov neeg koom nrog Czech, thiab tseem tsis tau khawb rau hauv av zoo li gouges. Thaum tsoo qhov teeb meem no, tus hedgehog pib dov, maj mam nce lub tsheb sib ntaus saum toj no hauv av. Thaum sim "tawm" tus hedgehog, lub tank feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ua nws tus kheej. Kev txav mus los ntawm hedgehogs tau hloov pauv thiab khiav tawm mus rau ntau qhov zoo li qub tiv thaiv lub tank teeb meem ntawm cov xyoo ntawd. Nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lub tank, tiv thaiv lub tank hedgehog tig dua, pom nws tus kheej hauv qab nws hauv qab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub tsheb sib ntaus tau raug tshem tawm hauv av, feem ntau tsoo qhov teeb meem no tau ua nrog lub chassis tsis ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, German tso tsheb hlau luam nrog rau pem hauv ntej-kev sib kis tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj kev pheej hmoo rau hedgehogs, txij li tsoo lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nws. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tub rog tiv thaiv, nyob hauv nws tus kheej qhov hnyav, lub tank zaum ntawm hedgehog tuaj yeem tsoo hauv qab thiab tsis tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nws qhov kev txav mus los.
Cov kev ntsuas ua tiav tau pom tias tsim ntawm "rau-taw qhia sprocket" (qhov no yog li cas Gorikker hu nws qhov kev tsim, uas yog vim li cas hauv qee cov ntaub ntawv tub rog nws raug xa mus rau "Gorikker lub hnub qub") muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov khoom tiv thaiv lub tank yog hlau I-profile, thiab txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txuas cov txheej txheem yog riveted txoj phuam. Hauv kev coj ua, hauv qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag, hedgehogs feem ntau tau ua los ntawm txhua yam uas nyob ntawm tes - ntau lub ces kaum, cov channel lossis txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau, uas feem ntau txuas nrog ib leeg los ntawm kev siv vuam zoo tib yam, txawm tias tsis muaj kerchiefs. Thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic, tiv thaiv lub tank hedgehogs (feem ntau ua tsis raws li txoj cai - loj heev, sib cuam tshuam lossis tsis muaj zog txaus) tau siv heev, suav nrog hauv kev sib ntaus hauv nroog, dhau los ua ib lub cim ntawm kev ua tsov rog, uas niaj hnub no tuaj yeem ua tau pom hauv ib qho yeeb yaj kiab tshwj xeeb txog cov xwm txheej ntawd.
Thaum ua "hedgehogs" hauv thaj chaw, muaj ntau zaus thaum lawv tsim qauv raug ua txhaum, ib qho yuam kev yog ua kom lawv loj dua - ib thiab ib nrab, lossis ob zaug. Qhov kev ua yuam kev no ua rau tus tswv tsis muaj lub hom phiaj tsim los ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lub tank yog tias nws yuav tsum siab dua lub tank tshem tawm, tab sis tib lub sijhawm qis dua lossis sib npaug hauv qhov siab mus rau sab saud ntawm qis phaj pem hauv ntej. Tsuas yog nyob rau qhov xwm txheej zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsoo lub tank. Lub tswv yim tau txhawb los ntawm kev suav thiab ntsuas. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm hedgehog yuav tsum yog - ntawm 0.8 txog 1 meter. Qhov kev npaj tsim nyog tshaj plaws ntawm cov teeb meem hauv av kuj tseem raug coj mus rau hauv tus account: 4 kab hauv kab ntawv sib tw. Qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tsim ntawm qhov teeb meem no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab Red Army tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lub tank tshiab nyob rau lub sijhawm luv hauv xyoo 1941 nyuaj, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv ua rau nws yooj yim rau nruab thiab txaus rau txawb.
Kev ntsuam xyuas hedgehogs tau tshwm sim thaum ntxov Lub Xya Hli 1-3, 1941 ntawm lub tank me me ntawm Kiev Tank-Technical School, qhov chaw haujlwm tshwj xeeb tuaj txog thiab ntau "Gorikker cov hnub qub" tau xa tuaj. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias cov teeb meem tiv thaiv lub tank tau ua los ntawm cov tsheb nqaj hlau seem. Raws li nws muab tawm tom qab, keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom siv raw tsis cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim nws tus kheej. Raws li cov tso tsheb hlau luam, uas yuav tsum tau sim ua kom kov yeej cov teeb meem no, cov tsheb loj tau siv-T-26 thiab BT-5. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hla cov tso tsheb hlau luam hla plaub-kab kev tiv thaiv lub tank yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau tus neeg tsim khoom thiab nws lub tswv yim. Thaum thawj qhov kev sim ua kom kov yeej qhov teeb meem, lub T-26 lub tank poob lub twj tso kua roj, lub raj roj tau puas. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tom qab 3-5 feeb tag nrho cov roj los ntawm lub cav xau tawm, uas ua rau raug yuam kom nres ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus. Nws tau siv ob peb teev los kho qhov puas tsuaj los ntawm hedgehogs. BT-5 ua tau zoo dua. Thaum tau tawg, lub teeb ci no tau kov yeej cov "hnub qub". Tab sis qhov ua kom yuam kev no ua rau nws khoov hauv qab ntawm lub hull, uas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm nws txoj kev tswj hwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm sab clutches. Lub tank yuav tsum tau kho ob teev.
Thawj qhov kev sim tiag tiag pom tias cov teeb meem tshiab tiv thaiv lub tank tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsheb tsis muaj phom tiv thaiv, lees tias lawv ua tau zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws sim ntsuas lub tank qhia chaw ntawm Kiev Tank Technical School tau qhia kom txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev pom zoo rau kev tso cov teeb meem zoo li hauv av. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tau pom zoo kom tso cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hedgehogs hauv kab txhua 4 metres, thiab qhov nrug deb ntawm pem hauv ntej ntawm cov teeb meem uas nyob ib sab yuav tsum yog ib thiab ib nrab metres rau kab ua ntej thiab 2-2.5 metres rau kab uas seem. Nrog rau qhov kev npaj, ua kom nrawm dua thiab kov yeej thawj kab ntawm hedgehogs, lub tank tsis tuaj yeem txav mus ntxiv ntawm qhov nrawm thiab yooj yim tau nyam ntawm kab ntawm cov teeb meem, raws txoj kev nws tuaj yeem tau txais kev puas tsuaj rau lub nkoj lossis sab hauv., thiab tseem dhau los ua lub hom phiaj yooj yim rau riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm pab pawg tiv thaiv.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim ua thaum lub Xya Hli pib, pawg haujlwm tau lees paub qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm rau-lub hnub qub raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo tank. Cov lus pom zoo tau ua kom dav siv nws hauv kab txaij ntawm thaj chaw muaj zog, ua kom tsis huv thiab hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. Qhov xaus kuj muaj cov lej kwv yees. Yog li tus naj npawb ntawm "hnub qub" rau ib mais ntawm sab xub ntiag tau kwv yees ntawm 1200 daim. Qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm qhov hnyav tsim, tsim los ntawm kev siv vuam, yog 200-250 kg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau hais tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias kev tsim qauv tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ib tsob ntoo hauv qhov ntau. Nws kuj tau sau tseg tias lawv tuaj yeem thauj mus rau qhov chaw thov hauv daim ntawv tiav los ntawm txoj kev thiab tsheb nqaj hlau.
Qhov chaw tiv thaiv ntawm cov tiv thaiv tank hedgehogs, tau teeb tsa hauv plaub kab hauv kab ntawv ntsuas, dhau los ua qhov teeb meem loj heev rau cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam. Qhov twg yog tau nyam hauv lawv, sim kov yeej lawv, lossis dhau los ua lub hom phiaj yooj yim rau cov phom loj. Lub laj kab tau tig los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yav tom ntej cov qauv no tseem tsis tau ua tiav. Kev tiv thaiv tank hedgehogs tau dhau los ua ib lub cim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Moscow thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg-lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1941. Tsuas yog nyob ze rau Moscow, kwv yees li 37.5 txhiab yam teeb meem no tau teeb tsa.
Qhov tseeb, cov neeg German tau tshuaj xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tshiab ntawm lawv lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab los rau qhov kev txiav txim siab tias thawj zaug nws tsim nyog hla dhau cov teeb meem zoo li no thiab tsuas yog txav mus tom ntej, thiab tsis txhob sim tam sim ntawd. Lawv kuj tau pab los ntawm qhov tseeb tias hedgehogs tsis tau txuas rau txhua txoj hauv kev rau saum npoo uas lawv tau teeb tsa. Siv ob peb lub tso tsheb hlau luam, cov neeg German tuaj yeem, nrog kev pab ntawm cov xov tooj zoo ib yam, rub nrawm nrawm hedgehogs, tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv rau kev hla ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Cov Tub Rog Liab tawm tsam qhov no los ntawm kev txhim kho cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov pob zeb ze rau tiv thaiv lub tank hedgehogs, thiab tseem, yog tias ua tau, tso cov tshuab rab phom thiab cov riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank ze ntawm qhov teeb meem. Yog li kev sim tshem cov hedgehogs uas tau teeb tsa los ntawm kev khi lawv rau hauv lub tank tuaj yeem raug rau txim hnyav los ntawm cov tiv thaiv. Lwm cov txheej txheem uas tau tsim los ua kom nyuaj rau ua cov kab hauv cov laj kab zoo li no yog khi hedgehogs rau ib leeg lossis khi lawv rau ntau yam khoom uas nyob hauv av. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov neeg tsav nkoj German thiab cov nkoj thauj khoom yuav tsum daws qhov "puzzle" no nrog cov saw hlau thiab cov hlua nyob ntawm qhov chaw, feem ntau ua nws hauv qab cov yeeb ncuab hluav taws.
Tam sim no, ib qho ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws uas tau nthuav tawm hauv peb lub tebchaws hauv kev qhuas txog cov xwm txheej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj yog "Jerzy" monument, nyob ntawm 23 km ntawm Leningradskoe txoj kev loj hauv cheeb tsam Moscow. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev teev ntuj zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm peb tus hedgehogs, uas cim kab uas cov neeg German tau mus txog rau xyoo 1941, khaws qhov zais cia. Nws muaj cov npe ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm lub monument, tab sis tsis muaj lub npe ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom, uas tau tsim cov qauv tsim los tiv thaiv tank hedgehog. Lub npe Mikhail Lvovich Gorikker tau ua neeg tsis txawj tuag tsuas yog thaum Lub Yim Hli 2013, thaum cov ntawv cim xeeb hauv nws lub meej mom tau nthuav tawm zoo rau ntawm lub tsev nyob hauv Moscow ntawm Tishinskaya Square, qhov chaw uas tub rog tsim khoom nyob.
