Kev tshawb fawb nqa los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Engineering ntawm Lub Hauv Paus Rog (NII SV) coj los ntawm Yuri Glazunov thaum xyoo 1948 ntawm cov ncauj lus "Mechanized Choj Park" tso cai rau kev tsim qauv tsis txawv txav thiab muaj kev cia siab.
Ua tsaug rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev hloov chaw, cov khoom thauj khoom thiab txoj hauv kev hauv ib qho tuaj yeem ua pontoon thaiv, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib dhos nrawm ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj thiab cov choj ntab tau raug daws. Lawv cov qauv tsim tau muab kev tsim txoj hauv kev uas hla dhau txhua qhov sib piv uas twb muaj lawm hauv qhov dav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev suav thiab tus lej ntawm cov tsheb thauj mus los tau txo qis.
Thiab txawm hais tias kev qhia txog txheej txheem tshiab ntawm pontoon fleets yog qhov nyuaj heev, cov qauv tsim los ntawm NII SV (tam sim no NIITS SIV FGKU "3 TsNII" ntawm Ministry of Defense ntawm Russia) thiab cog No. kom dhau qhov zoo tshaj plaws txawv teb chaws sib piv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd hais txog kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, xws li M4T6 pontoon park (Asmeskas), 16/30/50 pontoon park (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees), Holplatten pontoon park 50/80 (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees) thiab lwm yam. PMP tau txais los ntawm USSR Armed Forces hauv 1960.
Tus tsim ntawm PMP chaw ua si Yuri Glazunov (nruab nrab).
Ib txhij nrog tsim cov chaw ferry tshiab, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev xav thoob ntiaj teb ntawm ntau chav kawm ntawm cov tiaj ua si pontoon tau daws. PMP sib koom ua ke yav dhau los lub teeb, hnyav thiab tshwj xeeb chaw ua si pontoon. Txawm hais tias PMP nyuaj dua thiab kim dua li txhua tus neeg ntawm cov chaw ua si uas tau teev tseg, sib piv cov nqi ntawm nws qhov kev siv thiab kev saib xyuas nrog cov nqi zoo sib xws rau cov chav kawm sab saud ntawm cov tiaj ua si tsis tau hais ncaj qha rau qhov nyiam ntawm PMP.
Thawj thawj zaug, lub peev xwm ntawm PMP tau nthuav tawm ntawm kev tawm dag zog ua haujlwm uas tau tshwm sim xyoo 1960 sab qab teb ntawm Kiev thaum muaj cov tswv cuab ntawm Politburo ntawm CPSU Lub Rooj Sab Laj Nruab Nrab tau coj los ntawm Nikita Khrushchev thiab cov sawv cev ntawm cov lus txib siab ntawm Cov Tub Rog Lub zog ntawm Warsaw Pact lub tebchaws. Khrushchev tau hais kom saib ntawm kev hla ntawm lub tank tsheb hla Dniep er, nws yeej, qhia tias nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev los teeb tsa txoj kev hla. Tab sis thaum cov kab xev hlau ntawm tus choj pontoon tau nrawm nrawm hla tus dej thiab tso tsheb hlau luam hla lub choj, nws zoo siab heev. Kev txiav txim tau muab tam sim ntawd los muab nqi zog rau tus tsim ntawm tus choj, coj los ntawm tus kws sau-pib Yuri Glazunov.
Txoj cai lij choj rau kev daws teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm PMP tau tshaj tawm hauv Asmeskas, qhov uas nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub npe Ribbon choj.
Kev tsim khoom ntau ntawm cov tiaj ua si tau pib ntawm tsob ntoo No. 342 hauv lub nroog Navashino, ntxiv rau ntawm Sretinsky, Uglichsky, Krasnoyarsk tshuab tsim tsev. Raws li muaj cov ntaub ntawv, ntau dua 220 pawg PMP tau tsim nyob hauv USSR ib leeg-tsis suav nws cov kev hloov kho PMP-M, PPS-84, PP-91 thiab PP-2005 (PMP cov khoom siv suav nrog 32 tus dej thiab 4 ntug dej hiav txwv txuas nrog lub tsheb, ob txoj hlua nrog tsheb).
Ntxiv rau cov tub rog engineering ntawm Soviet Army, PMP tau muab rau 20 lub tebchaws: GDR, Albania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia (nyob rau qib ntsuas tub rog KRM-71), Mongolia, Cuba, Tuam Tshoj, Nyab Laj, Finland, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, India, Angola, Kampuchea, as well as United Arab Emirates.
Kev paub-paub ntawm PMP suav nrog kev sib koom ua ke cov khoom txav mus los, cov qauv nqa khoom thiab txoj hauv kev hauv ib lub pontoon block.
Tom qab poob rau hauv dej, lub pontoon block nthuav tawm ncaj qha.
Los ntawm kev sau cia ntawm Yuri Glazunov, nws tau paub tias tom qab tuaj txog ntawm PMP hauv GDR, qhov uas nws tau siv nyob rau ib puag ncig tam sim ntawm Asmeskas kev ua haujlwm siv quav ciab nyob hauv FRG, Asmeskas cov kws tshaj lij tam sim tshuaj xyuas nws lub peev xwm. Lawv tau ua cov yeeb yaj kiab hais txog cov khoom siv ntawm lub ferry los ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub tiaj ua si.
PMP tau nquag siv thaum lub sijhawm Arab-Israeli kev tsov kev rog. Hauv nws tsab xov xwm "Hla Elbe thiab Weser," Tus kws tsim tub rog German Peter Ude sau: "Raws li ntau cov lus pov thawj, PMP tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog Iyiv thaum lub sijhawm hla Suez Canal thaum xyoo 1973 ua tsov rog." tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawm tsam huab cua hnyav, kev tsim qauv ntawm PMP tau tso cai rau cov kws ua haujlwm Iyiv hloov pauv cov pontoons uas puas ntsoog sai thiab txawm tias, yog tias tsim nyog, ntab tag nrho cov choj hla tus kwj dej mus rau thaj chaw uas tau xaiv rau hla kev."
Nws tau paub tias ua tsaug rau kev siv lub peev xwm muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo ntawm PMP, cov tub rog Iyiv tau hla hla cov channel tsis txawv txav sai thiab ua tiav thawj zaug ua tiav hauv kev ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev ua tsov rog no, cov khoom siv ntawm PMP tau mus rau cov neeg Ixayees raws li kev ua tsov rog.
Vim yog kev nkag siab yuam kev thiab kev zais ntau dhau ntawm kev txhim kho, daim ntawv pov thawj thoob ntiaj teb rau PMP tsis tau tshaj tawm. Yuri Glazunov tau hais tias thaum nws thov rau patent thoob ntiaj teb rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm PMP rau tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog engineering ntawm USSR Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog, General Viktor Kharchenko, tau txais kev tsis lees paub, txhawb siab los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov cuab yeej siv tub rog tsis xav tau. ib tug patent. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Tebchaws Meskas tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj rau qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb ntawm PMP. Muaj lawv tsis tsuas yog teeb tsa kev sib piv ntawm PMP - Ribbon choj (RB) thiab nws hloov kho Txhim Kho Ribbon Choj (IRB), tab sis muab cov chaw ua si no rau ntau lub tebchaws (suav nrog Netherlands thiab koom pheej Kauslim Teb), thiab Lub teb chaws Yelemees, nrog rau lub tiaj ua si, muag daim ntawv tso cai rau nws.
Thiab qhov no yog li cas German FSB tus choj tau teeb tsa.
Raws li cov lus hais mus, pom 10 qhov sib txawv ntawm PMP tus choj.
Hauv xyoo 1990. Colonel-General Vladimir Kuznetsov, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm Pab Pawg Tub Rog, tau nyob ntawm ib ntawm NATO lub tebchaws cov kev tawm dag zog. Thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa tus choj los ntawm American Ribbon Bridge cov khoom siv, tus thawj coj ntawm NATO cov tub rog nyob hauv Europe tau khav rau Kuznetsov "nws" pontoon park. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau pom tias lub tiaj ua si yog Soviet thiab nws tus sau, Yuri Nikolaevich Glazunov, yog nws tus tswv. Tus neeg Amelikas tsis ntseeg qhov nws tau hnov thiab hais tias nws yuav nug. Hnub tom qab, nws tau thov txim, lees tias Asmeskas tus kws tshaj lij, muab nws ua me me, qiv lawv lub tiaj ua si los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias.
Tab sis kuj tseem muaj lwm tus "kws tshaj lij" uas tshaj tawm tias PMP lub tiaj ua si tsis yog ntawm keeb kwm Soviet. Xyoo 1993, Colonel Ernst-Georg Krom, tus thawj coj ntawm 80th Bundeswehr Sapper Brigade, tau hais rau Krasnaya Zvezda tus neeg sau xov xwm Vadim Markushin tias "thaum ua tsov rog, cov neeg Lavxias tau tuav cov duab German ntawm tsuas yog tus choj tus kheej xwb. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau qhia lawv rau hauv lawv cov tub rog engineering, thiab muab rau lawv rau lawv cov phooj ywg-koom nrog, suav nrog cov neeg Arab. Hauv kev ua rog rau-hnub Arab-Israeli ua tsov rog xyoo 1967, ib qho ntawm cov choj tau muab coj los ua khoom plig thiab thaum kawg tau xaus rau Asmeskas cov tes. Cov me ntsis txhim kho nws thiab muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom loj. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau muab cov choj no rau cov phooj ywg German. Tsis pub dawb, tau kawg. Yog li tam sim no Bundeswehr pontoons tab tom siv cov khoom lag luam tuaj txawv teb chaws, uas, zoo li yog lawv tus kheej, hauv tsev."
Ntawm kuv tus kheej, Kuv nco ntsoov tias tus sau phau ntawv dab neeg no, Colonel Krom, tej zaum tsis nco qab tias nws yog cov neeg Lavxias uas tswj hwm los tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, thiab tseem hla dhau kev lag luam German hais txog kev tsim cov tub rog. cov cuab yeej thiab thaum kawg yeej lub tshuab tub rog German. Txawm li cas los xij, rov qab mus rau PMP chaw ua si thiab nws qhov kev hloov kho.
Txij li xyoo 1977qhov sib piv ntawm PMP yog tsim los ntawm German tuam txhab EWK rau Bundeswehr, qhov uas nws tau txais lub npe Faltschwimmbrucke (FSB). Rau cov tub rog ntawm lwm lub tebchaws, kev xa tawm ntawm lub tiaj ua si yog npaj - FSB -E. Nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm FSB, tau tsim lub nkoj zoo tshaj plaws thiab sim, uas tau txais lub npe FSB 2000. Tsis tas li ntawd hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, daim ntawv theej ntawm Soviet PMP (tshwj tsis yog txhais tau tias yog kev siv lub tshuab thiab lub hauv paus chassis) tab tom ua ua Cov ntawv theej ntawm PMP tau ua haujlwm nrog pab tub rog ntawm Belgium, Portugal, Canada, Turkey, Australia, Brazil, Sweden, Nigeria, Singapore, Holland, Egypt.
Raws li xyoo 2013, ntxiv rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, kaw cov analogs (feem ntau tsuas yog luam) ntawm PMPs tau tsim tawm hauv Asmeskas, Czech koom pheej, Tuam Tshoj (Hom 79 thiab Hom 79A), Singapore, Nyiv (Hom 92) thiab tau nquag xa tawm. Feem ntau, PMP, nws cov ntawv theej thiab hloov kho (tsis suav nrog CIS lub teb chaws) tau tsim thiab ua haujlwm nyob hauv 38 lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj, thaj chaw ntawm lawv cov khoom tsim thiab muag tau nthuav dav tas li.
Ib daim duab sib txawv tau pom hauv Lavxias Lavxias. Ntawm plaub lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm chaw ua si ntawm PMP hom, los ntawm tam sim no tsuas yog ib qho tseem nyob hauv Russia - OJSC "Okskaya Sudoverf". Kev txiav txim rau niaj hnub sib piv ntawm PMP-pontoon parks PP-91 thiab PP-2005 los ntawm Lavxias Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg tsis tau txais. Coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov hloov pauv tshiab kawg, nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias yav tom ntej peb yuav yuav lub ntiaj teb pontoon chaw ua si zoo tshaj plaws PMP, tsim los ntawm Lavxias engineering kev txawj ntse, txawv teb chaws. Cov kws tshaj lij hauv tsev koom nrog kev cia siab tsuas yog kev cawm seej ntawm PMP kev tsim khoom hauv Russia nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv Ministry of Defense ntawm Lavxias Lavxias.
