Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 27, Russia ua kev zoo siab Hnub ntawm kev tsim cov chav tshwj xeeb ntawm Cov Tub Rog Sab Hauv ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs ntawm Russia. Hnub rau hnub so no tsis tau xaiv los ntawm lub sijhawm. Hnub no, rov qab rau xyoo 1946, los ntawm kev txiav txim los ntawm USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, ib lub chaw haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv lub chaw soj nstuam thiab chaw tshawb fawb ntawm USSR Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb koom nrog kev tshawb fawb hauv thaj chaw atomic zog tau tsim los ua ib feem ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs Directorate rau Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Cov Lag Luam Tseem Ceeb. Lub npe tag nrho ntawm hnub so yog Hnub Hnub tshwj xeeb ntawm Cov Tub Rog Sab Hauv ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs ntawm Lavxias, nrog rau Hnub ntawm kev tsim cov tub rog nyob rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, lub xeev tseem ceeb cov chaw thiab cov thauj khoom tshwj xeeb (MPSR, VGO thiab SG), sau luv ua Hnub Hnub ntawm cov chav tshwj xeeb.
Yuav luag tam sim tom qab tshaj tawm tsab ntawv xaj no hauv xyoo 1946, tsib tus thawj coj tshwj xeeb lub chaw haujlwm tau tsim hauv Soviet Union, uas nws lub luag haujlwm yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntsig txog kev tsim riam phom nuclear. Cov qib thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov thawj tswj hwm lub chaw haujlwm yog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntev-ntev, hnub no lawv yuav raug hu ua "cov tub rog cog lus." Cov chav tshwj xeeb tau pib ua tiav lawv lub luag haujlwm twb tau ua tiav thaum lub Yim Hli 1946, thiab xyoo 1947 tus naj npawb ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub chaw haujlwm tau raug coj mus rau 15, txij li cov naj npawb ntawm cov khoom uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv tau nce tas li.
Tom qab ntawd nws tau pom meej tias tus thawj tswj hwm lub chaw haujlwm tsis txaus los tiv thaiv cov chaw tseem ceeb hauv xeev, thiab ntawm lawv lub hauv paus lawv tau pib tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog. Lawv yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv kev lag luam ntawm tus kheej, tshawb fawb lub chaw soj nstuam thiab tsev haujlwm, tabsis tseem kaw lub nroog uas tau loj hlob nyob ib puag ncig lawv sai. Lub neej nyob ntawm qee lub nroog kaw tau yog lub xeev zais cia rau ntau xyoo lawm. Vim li no, feem ntau yog los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv cov haujlwm, kev ua ub no ntawm cov koog no tseem tau zais los ntawm cov pej xeem nyob ntev.
Txog kev pabcuam hauv cov chav tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog sab hauv, lawv tau sim xaiv tsuas yog cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, thaum lawv tau txais los tsis yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov tub rog ciam teb thiab ntau chav nyob ntawm pab tub rog thiab tub rog. ntawm Soviet Union. Tib lub sijhawm, hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog sab hauv, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chav tshwj xeeb tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb - yog vim li cas rau qhov no niaj hnub no nkag siab heev thiab piav tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov chav tshwj xeeb uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau lub sijhawm nyob deb yuav tsum tau ntsib cov teeb meem loj uas lub sijhawm atomic cuam tshuam rau tib neeg.
Tshwj xeeb, lawv yuav tsum tau ntsib teeb meem hluav taws xob loj, uas tsis muaj coob leej neeg paub txog niaj hnub no. Yuav luag txhua tus neeg tau hnov txog Chernobyl, Pripyat thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, tab sis tsis muaj coob leej neeg paub txog qhov xwm txheej uas tau tshwm sim rau lub Cuaj Hlis 29, 1957. Hauv cov xyoo ntawd, cov ncauj lus no tseem tsis tau npog hauv Soviet xov xwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib tsoo ntawm Mayak tshuaj cog nyob hauv lub nroog kaw ntawm Chelyabinsk-40 (Ozersk) dhau los ua thawj qhov xwm txheej hluav taws xob xwm txheej ntawm tib neeg tsim hauv USSR. Lub sijhawm ntawd, ntau lub chaw lag luam ntawm Mayak cog, chaw tua hluav taws, tub rog lub nroog, tsev kaw neeg nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam thiab tom qab ntawd thaj tsam ntawm 23 txhiab square kilometers nrog cov pejxeem txog 270 txhiab tus tib neeg nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm peb cheeb tsam, tau nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev kis kab mob sib kis. Qhov xwm txheej no muaj nws tus kheej cov neeg ua haujlwm tshem tawm, nrog rau ntau tus neeg tsiv mus nyob. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev huam yuaj tseem cuam tshuam rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg uas tau koom nrog hauv kev tshem tawm qhov kev huam yuaj ntawm Maya tshuaj lom neeg cog thiab ua tiav kev ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj. Tom qab ntawd, cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog rau kev tiv thaiv lub xeev cov chaw tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom tshwj xeeb tau koom nrog hauv kev tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, qhov uas lawv kuj tau tiv nrog txoj haujlwm ua ntej lawv nrog kev hwm.
Niaj hnub no yuav luag txhua yam paub txog Chernobyl kev puas tsuaj. Ntau thiab tsim nyog tau hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tua hluav taws, uas yog thawj tus ntsib qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai. Tab sis ib qho yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev ua siab loj ntawm txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog tus neeg saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tus neeg saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm Colonel V. Biryukov uas tau saib xyuas lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear. Thaum lub sijhawm tawg ntawm chav fais fab plaub ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb, tus tub ceev xwm, tus cim Ivan Shcherba, yog qhov ze rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev xwm txheej. Nws yog nws thawj tus tau tshaj tawm qhov xwm txheej rau chav saib xyuas thiab txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm kom txog thaum kawg ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Tus thawj ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas - tus neeg saib xyuas kev ruaj ntseg V. German tam sim ntawd tau ua txhua qhov kev ceeb toom rau cov tub ceev xwm tua hluav taws thiab chaw tswj chaw nres tsheb, nrog rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub chaw.
Txawm hais tias muaj xwm txheej txaus ntshai thiab nyuaj heev uas tau tsim los ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear, tshwj xeeb yog thawj hnub tom qab kev tawg, tsis muaj ib tus tub rog ua haujlwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm lub chaw haujlwm ua rau poob ntsej muag, lawv txhua tus tau txuas ntxiv ua tub rog los tiv thaiv lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear. thiab tsis tau txiav txim tsuas yog rau kev kho mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis tsuas yog qib thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov chav tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog sab hauv, tab sis kuj tseem muaj ntau tus tub ceev xwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm tau koom nrog hauv kev tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag. Nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm, txog li ib nrab ntawm txhua tus tub ceev xwm ntawm Pawg Tub Ceev Xwm Tshwj Xeeb Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm Sab Hauv tau ua haujlwm hauv thaj tsam muaj kab mob hauv pab pawg ntawm 5-10 tus neeg, nco txog Tus Thawj Coj Vyacheslav Bolakhnin.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias niaj hnub no Cov Tub Rog Sab Hauv ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs ntawm Lavxias Lavxias tau tso tseg lawm. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 5, 2016, Thawj Tswj Hwm Lavxias Vladimir Putin tau kos npe rau tsab cai lij choj ntawm kev tsim Cov Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Lub Tebchaws ntawm Lavxias raws li cov tub rog sab hauv ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs ntawm Russia, uas tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm cov qauv tshiab - Kev Pabcuam Hauv Tebchaws ntawm Pabcuam Tiv Thaiv Tebchaws ntawm Lavxias Lavxias. Qhov ntawd, feem ntau, tsis txiav txim siab hnub so nws tus kheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov pej xeem uas tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog cov chav tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog sab hauv.
Ntau xyoo dhau los ntawm cov chav tshwj xeeb no, lawv cov tub rog tau koom nrog kev tiv thaiv tsis yog tsuas yog tshawb fawb tshawb fawb chaw ntawm kev lag luam nuclear, tab sis kuj yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov chaw no. Lawv nqa kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear, cov chaw tsim khoom rau kev tsim riam phom thiab cuab yeej siv tub rog, kaw cov chaw tub rog, chaw cia rau cov khoom phom sij, thiab tseem koom nrog hauv kev thauj khoom tshwj xeeb. Tom qab rov txhim kho Cov Tub Rog Sab Hauv rau hauv National Guard, cov haujlwm no tseem yuav tsum tau hais daws. Yog li ntawd, nce kev npaj sib ntaus, qhia txog thev naus laus zis thiab cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no, kev loj hlob ntawm qib kev tshaj lij ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov chav tshwj xeeb uas tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias Federation tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb.
Tam sim no, kev sib txuas zoo li no muab kev tiv thaiv kev ntseeg tau rau ntau dua 100 yam tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv cov chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov chav tshwj xeeb tau tso cai nrog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, uas yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv kev ua phem rau lub sijhawm, tswj kev ua pej xeem kom nyob ze cov khoom uas lawv tiv thaiv thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws.
Hauv qhov tseeb niaj hnub no, kev tawm tsam kev ua phem phem ntawm cov chav no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua phem rau cov khoom ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tsis suav nrog, vim tias kev ua phem phem li no tuaj yeem muaj qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Kev tiv thaiv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear thiab cov chaw muaj teeb meem nuclear tso lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv tiv thaiv lawv. Qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua phem rau cov chaw no yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev qhia paub ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab tswj lub cev thiab cov tub rog tsim los tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov chaw tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov tub rog ntawm lwm lub hom phiaj, uas koom nrog hauv lawv cov npog hauv xwm txheej ntawm kev hem thawj lossis xwm txheej ceev. Hauv cov koog uas muaj lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv cov chaw tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb, kev tawm tsam kev ua phem phem raug ua tas li.
Hnub no, "Voennoye Obozreniye" zoo siab ua tsaug rau txhua tus uas tau muab ntau xyoo ntawm lawv cov kev pabcuam rau cov chav tshwj xeeb ntawm Cov Tub Rog Sab Hauv ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs, nrog rau cov uas tseem koom nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, cov chaw tseem ceeb hauv xeev thiab thauj khoom tshwj xeeb.
