Cruisers ntawm qhov project 26 thiab 26 bis. Qhov 8 thiab qhov kawg

Cov txheej txheem:

Cruisers ntawm qhov project 26 thiab 26 bis. Qhov 8 thiab qhov kawg
Cruisers ntawm qhov project 26 thiab 26 bis. Qhov 8 thiab qhov kawg

Video: Cruisers ntawm qhov project 26 thiab 26 bis. Qhov 8 thiab qhov kawg

Video: Cruisers ntawm qhov project 26 thiab 26 bis. Qhov 8 thiab qhov kawg
Video: Keeb kwm Hmoob thiab suav ua tsov rog sij hawm ntxeev ntuj thaum ub / Hmong history review 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Nyob zoo cov neeg nyeem, qhov no yog kab lus kawg hauv kab lus. Hauv nws, peb yuav txiav txim siab kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj hauv tebchaws ntawm 26-bis txoj haujlwm hauv kev sib piv nrog cov nkoj txawv teb chaws, thiab tseem teb cov lus nug vim li cas, nrog rau tag nrho nws cov txiaj ntsig, 180-mm B-1-P cannons tsis tau siv rau Soviet cruisers dua.

Peb twb tau hais txog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj zoo li "Kirov" thiab "Maxim Gorky", yog li peb yuav txwv peb tus kheej rau kev ceeb toom luv luv. Raws li txoj haujlwm, lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau muaj peev xwm muaj rau txog 100 lub hli B-34 phom, tab sis rab phom no tau ua tiav tsis tiav vim tsis muaj hluav taws xob tsav (uas yog vim li cas qhov kev taw qhia ceev tsis ua haujlwm. muab hluav taws zoo rau ntawm cov dav hlau yeeb ncuab), teeb meem nrog tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab tus rammer, ntxiv rau nrog lub fuse installer. Vim yog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm qhov kawg, nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa lub sijhawm raug (thiab yog li qhov deb) rau qhov tawg ntawm qhov projectile. Ib qho ntxiv, rab phom tau tso tsis zoo - txawm tias ib lub foob pob tsoo lub roj teeb 100 mm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai. Ntxiv nrog rau B-34, tus neeg caij nkoj ntawm 26-bis txoj haujlwm tau nruab nrog 9 (ntawm 26-phiaj xwm tsuas yog 6) 45-mm 21-k mounts-muaj riam phom txaus ntseeg, uas, hmoov tsis, tsis muaj hom tsis siv neeg ntawm kev tua, uas muab txoj hauv kev nkag mus rau hauv yeeb ncuab lub dav hlau tsis ntau dhau, nrog rau 4 12, 7-mm tshuab rab phom. Feem ntau, kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj zoo li Kirov thiab Maxim Gorky thaum lub sijhawm lawv nkag mus ua haujlwm yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab tsis txaus ntseeg kiag li. Ib qho kev zam, tej zaum, tuaj yeem ua rau Pacific "Kalinin" thiab "Lazar Kaganovich", uas tsis yog 6 qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig "ib puas feem" B-34 tau txais yim qhov kev ntseeg tau zoo 85-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom 90-K.

Thiab ua li cas txog cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj ntawm lwm lub zog tub rog?

Cia peb pib nrog British cruiser Belfast. Qhov "tseem ceeb" tiv thaiv lub dav hlau muaj peev xwm sawv cev los ntawm kaum ob 102-mm Mk-XVI cov phom loj hauv ob lub lawj nce toj Mk-XIX.

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Nws yog qhov dav tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv phom phom, tab sis … Askiv tau tswj hwm txhua yam los ntawm kev tso cov khw muag khoom mos txwv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm chav hneev nti, ntawm qhov deb ntawm lawv kaum ob rab phom 102-mm roj teeb. Txhawm rau muab cov caws pliav, ntau dua peb caug-meter txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub lawj sab saud thiab cov tsheb tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau tsim uas yuav xa cov mos txwv rau phom. Tag nrho cov qauv no ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov thiab huab cua nyob ntsiag to, tab sis nrog rau qhov muaj kev zoo siab, kev thauj cov tsheb laij teb nyuaj heev. Icing tau thaiv tag nrho cov khoom siv mos txwv - thaum thauj cov tub rog sab qaum teb hauv USSR, nws muaj peev xwm cia siab rau tsuas yog ntawm lub fenders ntawm thawj qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, qhov twg cov khoom me me ntawm cov mos txwv tau khaws cia ncaj qha ntawm cov phom.

Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm "Belfast" tau sawv cev los ntawm ob yim-barreled 40-mm kev teeb tsa "pom-pom". Ntau tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xav txog lawv tsis siv thiab siv me ntsis tiv thaiv lub dav hlau WWII. Feem ntau, ob daim ntawv foob tau ua rau "pom-poms"-qhov pib qis tshaj ntawm qhov projectile thiab daim kab xev, vim tias lub tshuab rab phom tsis tu ncua ib ntus (tus qauv "pom-pom" daim kab xev yog hlau, tab sis feem ntau cov ntaub so dhau los ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib tau siv). Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem ntxiv qhov hnyav hnyav ntawm yim-barreled "pom-pom", uas, txawm hais tias nws tau tso cai phau ntawv qhia, tab sis ua rau qhov no muaj peev xwm ntau dua kev xav, vim tias qhov nrawm ntawm kev taw qhia thiab kab rov tav tig mus ua qhov qis heev. Lawv tso siab rau ib qho hluav taws xob-hydraulic tsav, uas ntseeg tau, tab sis tseem nyob ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud ntawm lub zog. Thaum tau txais "de-energized" kev puas tsuaj, ntau qhov kev sib tsoo pom-pom kev teeb tsa tau dhau los ua qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, uas, tej zaum, tau ua rau tuag rau tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Wells hauv nws qhov kev sib ntaus zaum kawg. Thaum lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev sib ntaus sib tua tshiab tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Askiv tsuas yog tua tau los ntawm 20-mm Oerlikons, uas, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tuaj yeem nres lub dav hlau Nyij Pooj.

Cruisers ntawm qhov project 26 thiab 26 bis. Qhov 8 thiab qhov kawg
Cruisers ntawm qhov project 26 thiab 26 bis. Qhov 8 thiab qhov kawg

Cov npe ntawm Belfast cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav hlau tau ua tiav los ntawm ob plaub-barreled 12, 7-mm phom ntev, tsim raws li tib lub tswv yim "pom-pom", thiab tseem muaj lub qhov ncauj qis tshaj tawm.

Thiab tseem yuav tsum tau lees paub tias kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm tus neeg caij nkoj Askiv tau zoo dua li ntawm Maxim Gorky-hauv cov xwm txheej ntawd thaum 102-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tuaj yeem tua, lawv tau ua haujlwm tau zoo dua li B-34 hauv tsev (txawm hais tias yim lub hli 85-hli ntawm Kalinin tsis yog lawv ua rau lawv qis dua hauv kev ua haujlwm tau zoo), thiab "pom-pom", txawm hais tias txhua qhov lawv ua tsis tau zoo, tsim hluav taws kub ceev, uas tsis muaj nyob hauv 45 -hli 21-K Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm "Belfast" tsis tuaj yeem hu ua muaj txiaj ntsig lossis txaus, tsawg kawg rau thawj lub sijhawm ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.

Qhov txaus siab, Belfast tuaj yeem suav tias yog tus thawj coj tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj Askiv. Lwm "Lub Nroog" thiab lub nkoj cruisers ntawm "Fiji" hom uas ua raws "Belfast" muaj txawm tias tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv lub dav hlau: tsis yog 12, tab sis tsuas yog 8 lub tog raj kheej ntawm 102-mm phom (plaub ob rab phom loj), thiab tsis yog yim -barreled, tab sis tsuas yog plaub -barreled "pom" -poma ".

Raws li rau Asmeskas lub nkoj cruiser Brooklyn, nws cov riam phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, thaum nws nkag mus rau kev pabcuam, tsis ua rau muaj dab tsi hlo li tab sis luag nyav luag ntxhi. Nws tau ua raws roj teeb ntawm yim rab phom 127-mm rab phom, tab sis qhov no tsis yog txhua lub npe nrov 127-mm cannon, uas feem ntau lees paub tias yog rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob (tsuas yog zaum kawg) ob lub nkoj ntawm koob tau txais cov phom zoo li no). Cov phom ntev antiaircraft phom "Brooklyn" tsuas yog 25 calibers. Cov neeg Amelikas tsis kam tham txog qhov ua tsis tau ntawm lawv cov riam phom, tab sis nws tsis txaus ntseeg heev tias qhov kev siv phom loj no muaj tsawg kawg qee qhov lees paub thiab raug. Tom qab ntawd, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau nce qhov ntev ntawm lub thoob ib zaug thiab ib nrab, nqa nws mus rau 38 calibers.

Raws li rau rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, Brooklyn txoj haujlwm yuav tsum tau txais plaub plaub plaub rab phom 28-mm submachine. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qeeb hauv kev tsim cov riam phom no thaum lawv tau xa mus rau lub nkoj, cov neeg caij nkoj tsis muaj lawv: vim li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, Brooklyn cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav hlau tau txwv rau yim 127/25 rab phom thiab cov lej tib yam ntawm 12.7-mm tshuab rab phom. Hauv daim ntawv no, lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv huab cua tsis yooj yim dua li Maxim Gorky, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, hauv ib xyoos tom qab ua haujlwm, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj tau txais lawv tus qauv 28-hli nce. Thiab tom qab ntawd muaj lwm qhov teeb meem tshwm sim: cov phom loj tau dhau los ua tsis tiav ("Chicago pianos") - cuam tshuam tsis tu ncua, kev co, txo qhov raug ntawm hluav taws, haus luam yeeb, cuam tshuam nrog lub hom phiaj … Qhov tseeb, cov kev teeb tsa no tsuas yog tsim rau ua hluav taws kub nyhiab.

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Yog li, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias hauv nws daim ntawv "lees paub", Brooklyn tsis tau hla cov neeg caij nkoj hauv tebchaws ntawm 26-bis txoj haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv huab cua (thiab, tej zaum, lawv tsis zoo dua Kalinin), tab sis tom qab nqa lawv cov kev tawm tsam -Cov riam phom dav hlau rau tus lej tus qauv tsis tau nthuav tawm Asmeskas lub nkoj caij nkoj nrog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Thiab, txawm li cas los xij, cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm lub nkoj cruiser "Brooklyn" tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los muab kev tiv thaiv huab cua tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.

Cov neeg caij nkoj Nyij Pooj "Mogami", yog ib thiab ib nrab lub sijhawm loj dua "Maxim Gorky", tab sis thaum xa mus rau lub nkoj tau nqa cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav hlau feem ntau-plaub lub phom 127-mm nce, plaub coaxial 25-mm phom ntev thiab plaub rab phom 13-mm. Cov phom 127-mm ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau ua tiav zoo thiab tsis zoo li lawv li Asmeskas 127-mm / 38 cov neeg sib tw, 25-mm cov phom loj kuj tseem tsis phem, tab sis vim lawv lub peev xwm me me lawv muaj qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm hluav taws. Qhov tseeb, nws yog "lub sijhawm kawg" riam phom, zoo li 20-mm Oerlikons, thiab yog li ntawd lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua tsov rog hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific tsis yog txhais tau tias zoo kawg. Thiab ntxiv rau, tsuas muaj 8 lub thoob xwb … Feem ntau, nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj Japanese, ua ntej tshaj plaws, vim yog thawj chav kawm 127-mm phom, tab sis feem ntau nws cov kev tiv thaiv huab cua kuj tseem zoo heev. tsis muaj zog.

Fabkis hnyav cruiser "Algerie". Lub kaum os zoo heev 100mm phom nyob rau hauv rau ntxaib mounts tau ntxiv los ntawm tsuas yog plaub 37mm semi-automatic cannons. Yuav ua li cas "zoo" yam nrog cov phom loj ntawm Fab Kis muaj pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias plaub rab phom rau "Algeri" tau tsim los ntawm peb lub tuam txhab sib txawv, thiab lawv tau teeb tsa ntawm ob lub tshuab. Feem ntau, hais txog lawv cov kev sib ntaus zoo, Fab Kis 37-mm kwv yees sib haum rau hauv tsev 45-mm 21-K-tib 20 puag ncig ib feeb, zoo ib yam qub txheej thaum ub … Qhov xwm txheej tau zoo me ntsis los ntawm plaub plaub 13, 2 -mm tshuab rab phom - lawv tau zoo heev thiab zoo "Tsheb", tab sis tseem tsis muaj rab phom tshuab tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv huab cua tau txais txiaj ntsig vim tias lub zog qis ntawm daim cartridge - txawm tias 20 -mm "Erlikon" tau txiav txim siab zaum kawg kab kev tiv thaiv. Yog li, kev tiv thaiv huab cua "Algeri" tau zoo dua li ntawm Soviet cruiser, tab sis rov qab tsis tseem ceeb thiab, zoo li cov neeg caij nkoj saum toj no, nws tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau niaj hnub no. Tsis yog tias Fab Kis tsis nkag siab txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm 37-40 mm phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, lawv tau sim tsim lub 37-mm automatic cannon, tab sis kev txhim kho lub tshuab siv sijhawm ntev.

"Admiral Hipper" … lub nkoj hnyav nrog kev tiv thaiv huab cua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub nkoj uas tau teev tseg saum toj no. Kaum ib lub zog 105-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, uas Cov Neeg German tsis tsuas yog tswj hwm kom ruaj khov hauv peb lub dav hlau, tab sis tseem kom ntseeg tau tias lawv cov lus taw qhia los ntawm cov lus tswj hluav taws. Qhov tseeb, kev suav tsuas yog yuav tsum nqa phom thiab tua hluav taws, thiab thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, German 105-mm SK C / 33, nrog rau kev tswj hwm lawv cov hluav taws, sawv cev rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev. Dab tsi, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tuaj yeem hais txog rau rau 37-mm ob rab phom-ua rau xav tsis thoob, cov neeg German tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov phom loj 37-hli tsis siv neeg, yog li qhov kev siv phom loj no tsuas yog siv ib nrab xwb (txhua qhov projectile tau thauj mus los ntawm tus kheej). Ntawm qhov tod tes, tau sim ua kom ruaj ntseg teeb tsa, tab sis tsis zoo li 105-hli, nws tsis ua tiav. Lub zog tsav tau tig los ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab nrog rau kev taw qhia phau ntawv, kev teeb tsa hnyav heev muaj kab rov tav thiab ntsug qhia kev ceev ntawm tsuas yog 3-4 degrees, piv txwv li. txawm phem tshaj li 100-mm B-34 hauv tsev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, xav tsis thoob li nws yuav zoo li, Cov neeg German, tau siv sijhawm ntau thiab kev rau siab, tsim cov thev naus laus zis siab thiab hnyav rau kev teeb tsa, uas, raws li nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, tsis dhau mus rau 45-mm hauv tsev. 21-K semi-automatic tshuab.

Tsis tas li, Admiral Hipper-chav cruisers tau txais kaum rab phom 20-mm phom ntev, tab sis nws nyuaj rau piav qhia txog lawv cov kev ua tau zoo. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov neeg German ib zaug tso tseg cov ntawv tso cai tsim khoom zoo 20-hli "Erlikons", nyiam lawv Rheinmetall cov khoom siv tes ua zoo ib yam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub nkoj tau txais 20-mm ib leeg barreled S / 30 rab phom submachine, uas muaj ib nrab ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntau dua li Oerlikon, tab sis uas yuav tsum tau suav nrog ntau li 5 tus neeg (ib leeg Oerlikon-2 tus neeg). Cov phom ntev tau tsim los kom tsis muaj qhov tseeb tias tom qab tsim ob-barreled teeb tsa muaj qhov hnyav ib yam li ib leeg-barreled C / 30.

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Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1938, Cov phom loj German tau hloov kho tshiab (raws li qee qhov chaw, nws suav nrog kev theej theej tus lej tsim kev daws teeb meem ntawm Erlikon), vim nws tau txais lub npe C / 38 thiab tig mus ua riam phom zoo heev., thiab nws plaub-barreled version ntawm Fierling tau dhau los ua neeg muaj koob npe. … Nws kuj tseem paub tias C / 30 tau teeb tsa ntawm lub nkoj loj, tab sis tus sau ntawm kab lus no tsis paub dab tsi tau teeb tsa ntawm lub nkoj kawg ntawm koob.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias German hnyav cruiser tsuas yog ib qho ntawm txhua lub nkoj tau teev tseg saum toj no, uas nws kev tiv thaiv huab cua muaj qhov zoo tshaj dhau ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj ntawm Maxim Gorky chav kawm. Tab sis, tsis txaus ntseeg, txawm tias cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Admiral Hipper tau dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus los tiv thaiv lub nkoj los ntawm kev hem huab cua thiab xav tau "ntxiv".

Raws li qhov tau hais ua ntej, cov lus xaus hauv qab no tuaj yeem kos. Tus txheej txheem tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv tub rog caij nkoj Maxim Gorky, uas nws tau txais thaum ua haujlwm, tsis ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm xyoo 1930s lig thiab tsis tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau tus neeg caij nkoj los ntawm kev tawm tsam huab cua niaj hnub no. Tab sis zoo ib yam tuaj yeem hais txog lwm lub nkoj hauv ntiaj teb, tshwj tsis yog, tej zaum, "Admiral Hipper", thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd - nrog qee qhov tshwj tseg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub dav hlau "Maxim Gorky" tsis zoo rau cov neeg caij nkoj txawv teb chaws tsis ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov thoob raws li "ua tsaug" rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm 100-hli phom phom B-34. Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav tsum lees tias Maxim Gorky hauv qhov ntsuas no tau dhau los ua lub nkoj tsis zoo ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ib tiam - tab sis nws tseem yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov zoo tshaj ntawm Askiv, Asmeskas thiab Fabkis cov nkoj tsis dhau, lossis tseem ceeb. Cov neeg caij nkoj txawv teb chaws tau txais ntau dua lossis tsawg dua kev tiv thaiv huab cua uas twb muaj lawm hauv kev hloov kho tub rog, tab sis cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov nkoj hauv tebchaws ntawm 26 thiab 26-bis txoj haujlwm kuj tseem tsis hloov pauv.

Piv txwv li, tib yam "Belfast" txawm nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1944 muaj tib yam 6 * 2 102-mm, 2 * 8 40-mm "pom-pom" ntxiv rau 18 20-mm "Oerlikon" tej kas tham (kaum rab phom thiab plaub qhov kev teeb tsa ob rab phom). "Maxim Gorky", los ntawm qhov uas lawv tshem tawm 45-mm semiautomatic devices, tab sis tau teeb tsa 17 rab phom ib leeg 37-mm 70-k nce thiab ob plaub-barreled 12, 7-mm Vickers tshuab rab phom, zoo li muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua. Cov nkoj Pacific (nrog lawv 8 * 1 85-mm thiab nce txog 21 37-mm 70-K tej kas tham) tsis muaj lus nug-lawv lub peev xwm tiv thaiv huab cua tau pom tseeb zoo dua rau cov neeg caij nkoj British. Qhov tseeb, Lus Askiv "Hauv Nroog" tau txais ntau dua lossis tsawg dua kev tiv thaiv huab cua tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, thaum "Birmingham" thiab "Sheffield" txhua tus tau txais plaub quad 40 -mm "Bofors", tab sis - vim yog tshem tawm ntawm ib lub turret ntawm lub ntsiab caliber. Fab Kis "Algerie", rau qhov laj thawj pom tseeb, tsis tau hloov kho tshiab, yog li kev sib piv nrog nws yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig - nws pom tseeb tias nws tsis muaj zog. Cov neeg caij nkoj Asmeskas … tau txais 4 "Chicago pianos" txhua tus, lawv yeej tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj "Maxim Gorky" nrog nws pawg ntawm 37-mm barrels. Lawv lub sijhawm tuaj tom qab theem ob ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab, thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1942 tus qauv tau teeb tsa rau Asmeskas lub nkoj caij nkoj: plaub npaug plaub thiab plaub tus ntxaib Bofors ntxiv rau Oerlikons, tus lej ntawm lwm lub nkoj tuaj yeem ncav cuag 28 lub thoob. Hauv daim ntawv no, Brooklyn muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws tsis yog tsuas yog tshaj Maxim Gorky, tab sis kuj dhau ntawm txhua lub teeb cruiser hauv ntiaj teb. Tseem, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev hloov kho tshiab tsis tau tshwm sim tam sim ntawd thiab tsis tas li-piv txwv li, tib yam "Brooklyn" tau txais 4 * 4 "Bofors" thiab 14 ib leeg-barreled 20-mm "Erlikons" thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1943, thiab ntxiv "ntxiv" Kev tiv thaiv huab cua tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1945. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov phom loj uas zoo tshaj plaws nrog kev tswj hwm hluav taws thawj zaug, tau kawg, thaum kawg tshem kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Asmeskas cov neeg caij nkoj mus rau qhov siab uas tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lwm lub zog.

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Kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Nyij Pooj "Mogami" tau raug txo kom nce ntxiv hauv 25-mm lub thoob mus txog 28-38 lub thoob, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no ua rau muaj peev xwm sib ntaus tau zoo ntawm lub nkoj, hauv qhov no, " Mogami "txawm tias tom qab" hloov kho tshiab "txawm tias dhau British" Towns "ntawm Askiv, uas tsis tseem ceeb.

Cov neeg caij nkoj German kuj tsis tau txais kev nce loj hauv riam phom tiv thaiv dav hlau-tib yam "Admiral Hipper" ntxiv rau cov riam phom uas twb muaj lawm tau txais plaub plaub 20-mm "Fierling" thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1942. Tab sis tus nqi ntawm 20-mm tshuab phom hauv kev sib piv nrog 37-40-mm yog me me, yog li me ntsis tom qab lub nkoj "sib pauv" peb "Fierling" thiab ob ntawm nws 37-mm semi-automatic "ntxaib" rau tsuas yog rau ib rab phom 40-mm "Bofors".

Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem sib cav tau tias, muaj lub zog tiv thaiv huab cua tsis zoo thaum nkag mus rau kev pabcuam, cov neeg caij nkoj ntawm hom 26 thiab 26-bis hauv kev ua tub rog hloov kho tshiab rau qee yam tau kov yeej qhov tsis zoo thiab lawv cov riam phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau dhau los txaus, ntawm lawv cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig hauv qhov ntsuas no lawv tshwj xeeb tsis tau sawv los rau qhov zoo dua lossis rau qhov tsis zoo - tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog Asmeskas cov neeg caij nkoj, uas tiv thaiv huab cua hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog ua los ntawm cov npoo loj los ntawm cov nkoj ntawm lwm qhov. hwj chim.

Thiab thaum kawg, lo lus nug kawg. Vim li cas, tom qab 26-bis cruisers, Soviet Navy tsis siv 180 mm caliber dua?

Txhawm rau teb nws, cia peb rov nco txog peb ntu kev sib ntaus, thiab thawj ntawm lawv yog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub nkoj hnyav Admiral Hipper thiab tus kws tua hluav taws Askiv Gloworm, uas tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Tebchaws Yelemees Kev Ua Haujlwm Ua Haujlwm ntawm Weser.

Tom qab ntawd "Gloworm" tsis muaj hmoo ua rau cov neeg rhuav tshem German, tas li (tab sis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig) ntsib nrog "Hans Ludemann", thiab tom qab ntawd nrog "Brend von Arnim", thiab tom kawg hu rau kev pab, uas yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm " Admiral Hipper "yog. Cov huab cua tau hais ncaj qha yam tsis tseem ceeb, muaj kev zoo siab thiab pom tsis zoo ua rau lub nkoj German hnyav tau tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas Gloworm nrog tsuas yog 45 kbt thiab tau qhib hluav taws tam sim ntawd. "Hipper" raug rho tawm tsuas yog rab phom hneev taw, vim nws tsis xav nthuav nws ib sab mus rau lub torpedo salvo ntawm tus neeg tua neeg Askiv, yog li cov nkoj tau los txog.

Tus neeg Askiv tam sim ntawd tau tua lub torpedo salvo los ntawm ib lub raj torpedo thiab teeb tsa cov pa luam yeeb. Ua ntej nws tau npog tom qab nws, tus neeg tsav nkoj German tau tswj kom tsuas yog tsib lub volleys, tom qab ntawd, tso siab rau cov ntaub ntawv radar thiab pom tus ncej, hneev taw 203-mm turrets tau tua ob lub dav hlau ntxiv. Tab sis tsuas muaj ib qho ntaus - ntawm qhov ntaus thib peb, lub pluaj yim ntiv tes tsoo Gloworm tus qauv zoo, yog li cuam tshuam kev xa xov hauv xov tooj cua hais txog kev nrhiav tus German cruiser. Txawm li cas los xij, tus neeg rhuav tshem tsis tau txais kev puas tsuaj loj. Ntxiv mus, cov neeg Askiv tau maj nrawm rau kev sib ntaus sib tua. Dheev dhia tawm tom qab cov pa luam yeeb, Gloworm tau tua ob lub torpedoes los ntawm cov khoom siv thib ob thiab qhib hluav taws, nrog ib lub plhaub pom nws lub hom phiaj. Hauv kev teb, "Hipper" tau rho tawm lub suab thib yim, uas tau muab ib lossis ob zaug, ntxiv rau, tau qhib hluav taws nrog nws 105-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom thiab "Gloworm", tam sim no puas ntsoog, rov zoo dua tom qab cov pa luam yeeb. Tab sis nws tus thawj coj siab tawv tau sim nws txoj hmoov zoo - dhia tawm ntawm cov pa luam yeeb tsis pub ntev tshaj 3,000 metres los ntawm German cruiser, Gloworm tau tawm tsam Hipper rau zaum thib peb nrog torpedoes - tab sis tsis ua tiav, txawm tias huab cua tsis zoo, lub torpedoes tau pom meej, yog li ntawd lawv tau taug kev yuav luag saum nplaim dej, thiab "Hipper" tswj kom lawv khiav. Tus neeg rhuav tshem Askiv tsis tuaj yeem hem nws ntxiv lawm, nws tau khiav tawm ntawm lub torpedoes thiab yog li tus thawj coj ntawm lub nkoj hnyav tau txiav txim siab txiav los ntawm cov pa luam yeeb txhawm rau txhawm rau thaum kawg cuam tshuam nrog Briton uas tau ua rau nws chim siab. Tab sis kuv yuam kev me ntsis, tsis pub dhau 800 m los ntawm qhov kawg.

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Txhua yam uas tuaj yeem tua ntawm Gloworm tau tua, tsis suav nrog 20-mm tshuab rab phom, tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, tus kws tua neeg Askiv tswj hwm ram Hipper. Qhov no tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev rau lub nkoj hnyav thiab tsis cawm lub nkoj Askiv los ntawm kev tuag, tab sis qhov tseeb tseem nyob-txawm tias zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus neeg caij nkoj hauv ntiaj teb, cov cuab yeej tswj hluav taws thiab thawj chav kawm 203-mm cannons, German cruiser tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam sai nrog lub nkoj "sai sai".

Qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum thib ob yog "Xyoo Tshiab", lossis theej qhov rov tshwm sim ntawm nws, uas cov neeg rhuav tshem German tau poob nthav mus rau ob lub nkoj British lub teeb. Qhov nrug nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg sib tw yog qee qhov 20 kab, thaum cov neeg Askiv tau qhib hluav taws los ntawm lub hauv ntej 152-mm turrets thiab, paub tias lawv muaj kev phom sij heev rau lub torpedo salvo, ncaj qha mus rau tus yeeb ncuab, vam tias yuav ram tom kawg. Tab sis kwv yees li peb feeb tom qab, tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Askiv, Burnet tau hais kom Captain Clark, tus thawj coj ntawm lub nkoj Jamaica:

"Tig, tam sim no tsis muaj ib qho ntsiab lus hauv kev rhuav tshem koj cov qia"

Txog lub sijhawm no, cov neeg caij nkoj Askiv tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib mais ntawm tus neeg rhuav tshem German, thiab yog tias nws muaj peev xwm ua rau lub nkoj tawg, nws tuaj yeem yooj yim "ntes" cov neeg Askiv nyob ntawm qhov tig. Tab sis nws tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo li no ntxiv lawm, vim tias los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd nws raug ntaus heev thiab poob tag nrho nws lub peev xwm kev sib ntaus.

Thiab, thaum kawg, kev sib ntaus zaum thib peb - "Friday the 13th", uas tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 13, 1942, thaum ob lub nkoj hnyav, ib lub nkoj me me thiab ob lub nkoj tiv thaiv huab cua Asmeskas, txhawb los ntawm 8 tus neeg rhuav tshem, sim thaiv txoj kev ntawm ob Japanese sib ntaus sib tua cruisers (Kirishima thiab Hiei "), Lub teeb cruiser" Nagara "thiab 14 destroyers. Qhov kev sib ntaus no, uas dhau mus ua hmo ntuj pov tseg ntawm rab phom nyob deb, tau piav qhia nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw, thiab peb yuav tsis rov hais dua, tab sis xyuam xim rau kev ua ntawm Helena-class Brooklyn-class light cruiser. Thaum pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, tus neeg tua neeg Nyij Pooj Ikazuchi pom nws tus kheej hauv txoj haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tua hluav taws los ntawm Asmeskas kev tsim - tab sis tsuas yog ob feeb nws tau txais tsawg kawg plaub plaub 152 -hli zoo los ntawm Helena thiab raug yuam kom thim los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Hauv qhov xwm txheej thib ob, tus neeg rhuav tshem tau tawm ntawm kev ntaus nrig ntawm Admiral Callahan, lub nkoj hnyav San Francisco (uas tau txais 15 (!) Ntaus ib leeg nrog 356-mm zoo li-thiab qhov no tsis suav nrog lawg ntawm 127-mm zoo li ntaus lub cruiser ntau ntxiv). Amatsukadze. Kuv tau tawm mus, tab sis tom qab peb feeb ntawm kev sib cuag hluav taws nrog "Helena" lub nkoj tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau, nws txoj hlua hneev loj, tus thawj coj ntawm rab phom loj thiab cov lus txib tau raug rhuav tshem, 43 tus neeg tuag. Cov neeg rhuav tshem neeg Nyij Pooj tau dim ntawm qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb, tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ob lwm tus neeg rhuav tshem ya tus chij ntawm lub hnub tuaj, uas tseem tau tsav los ntawm Helena los ntawm San Francisco - tab sis xav tau hloov hluav taws rau cov nkoj tshiab uas tau tso cai Amatsukaze zam kev tuag. Tsis ntev ua ntej ntawd, hauv (hmo ntuj) kev sib ntaus ntawm Cape Esperance, tus neeg tua hluav taws Fubuki Nyij Pooj tau raug hluav taws los ntawm 152-mm thiab 127-mm Helena rab phom. Ib feeb thiab ib nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua txaus rau lub nkoj Nyij Pooj poob nws lub peev xwm sib ntaus.

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Los ntawm txhua qhov saum toj no (thiab tau piav qhia hauv cov kab lus yav dhau los ntawm lub voj voog) cov lus xaus hauv qab no qhia nws tus kheej - tau kawg, 203 -mm caliber zoo dua rau "showdowns" ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj, tab sis thaum koj xav tau tiv thaiv koj tus kheej pawg tub rog los ntawm qhov "nkag mus" ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rhuav tshem, tom qab ntawd phom rau-ntiv tes yog qhov zoo dua. Thiab tam sim no cia peb tham me ntsis txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim ntawm Soviet lub nkoj cruisers tom qab 26 bis - peb tab tom tham txog lub nkoj ntawm Project 68 "Chapaev".

Thaum lub Tsib Hlis xyoo 1936 (thaum lub teeb ci ntsa iab ntawm Txoj Haujlwm 26 "Kirov" thiab "Voroshilov" twb tab tom tsim), Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Tiv Thaiv nyob hauv Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tib Neeg ntawm USSR tau txiav txim siab los tsim "Fleet Loj". Raws li nws, cov nkoj hnyav, suav nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua, yuav tsum tau ua rau Baltic, Hiav Txwv Dub thiab Pacific, cov phiaj xwm qub tau npaj rau kev tsim 24 (!) Battleships kom txog thaum 1947. Raws li, txoj kev xav ntawm "kev ua tsov rog me me" (tau piav qhia hauv thawj kab lus ntawm lub voj voog no) tsuas tuaj yeem nyob txog rau lub sijhawm thaum Soviet Navy tau txais cov nkoj hnyav hauv qhov txaus.

Txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim kho thiab siv lub dav hlau tau hloov pauv ntau. Yog tias yav dhau los cov ceg txheem ntseeg tau muab tso rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke (lossis tsom mus rau) nyob rau thaj tsam ntug dej hiav txwv, thaum lub zog ntawm lub nkoj thiab lub dav hlau ya mus los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, nyiam dua nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm rab phom loj ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, tau tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab hnyav, tam sim no cov tswv yim (txawm tias tsis yog tam sim ntawd) tau hloov mus rau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm pawg tub rog. Thiab nws tau pom meej heev tias cov haujlwm ntawm lub teeb ci ntsa iab ntawm "Big Fleet" yuav muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb los ntawm cov uas tau teeb tsa rau lub nkoj ntawm cov phiaj xwm 26 thiab 26-bis.

Yog li ntawd, twb tau pib xyoo 1936, lub sijhawm tshiab tau tshwm sim: "lub nkoj cruiser ntawm pab pawg tiv thaiv", cov haujlwm uas tau txhais raws li:

1) kev soj ntsuam thiab saib xyuas;

2) kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lub teeb yeeb ncuab rog nrog pab tub rog;

3) kev txhawb nqa rau kev tawm tsam los ntawm tus kheej tus neeg rhuav tshem, nkoj submarines, nkoj torpedo;

4) kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txoj kab hauv hiav txwv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws ntug dej hiav txwv thiab chaw nres nkoj;

5) kuv qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm minefields hauv dej yeeb ncuab.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, "kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lub zog sib ntaus los ntawm pab tub rog" xav tias tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej lub nkoj hnyav los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rhuav tshem, nkoj torpedo thiab lwm lub nkoj torpedo, uas tau teeb tsa siab rau qhov hluav taws kub ntawm cov phom loj.

Hauv lwm lo lus, lub peev xwm kom ua tiav yeej lub nkoj sai ntawm nws chav kawm tsis xav tau ntxiv thiab tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau lub nkoj teeb hauv tsev. Ntau qhov tseem ceeb rau nws yog lub peev xwm tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rhuav tshem, thiab ntxiv rau, lawv xav tau cov cuab yeej muaj zog ntau dua li ua ntej, txhawm rau ua tiav "tshuab" ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lub zog tua phom loj ntawm "rab phom" nyob deb ntawm kev sib ntaus hmo ntuj Qhov nrawm, ze rau kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem, kuj poob nws lub ntsiab lus - vim li cas? Nws tau txaus kom muaj nws nyob rau theem ntawm lub teeb cruisers ntawm tus yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm, zoo, tej zaum me ntsis ntxiv.

Lub teeb cruisers ntawm cov phiaj xwm 26 thiab 26-bis "Kirov" thiab "Maxim Gorky" sawv cev rau qhov yuav luag tag nrho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tswv yim thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo rau kev ua tiav cov haujlwm uas tau teev tseg ua ntej los ntawm kev coj ntawm Red Army cov tub rog ua rog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm kev ua tsov rog me me nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Tab sis qhov kev xav no tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li kev pom zoo ntawm lub zog naval tiag tiag raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav. Yog li ntawd, sai li sai tau raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub tebchaws tau txiav txim siab tias kev lag luam ntawm USSR tau mus txog qib uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm pib tsim kev ua tub rog puv ntoob, "Big Fleet", txoj kev xav ntawm kev ua tsov rog me me tau dhau mus lawm. Txij tam sim no mus, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Soviet lub nkoj caij nkoj tau sib txawv, thiab phom 180-mm, tsis hais lawv zoo li cas, tsis pom chaw nyob ntawm cov nkoj ntawm chav kawm no ntxiv lawm.

Tam sim no Soviet Navy xav tau lub teeb ci ntsa iab qub. Tab sis qhov no yog zaj dab neeg sib txawv kiag li….

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. UA Chernyshev "Cruisers ntawm" Kirov "hom", MK 2003 №1

2. UA Chernyshev "Cruisers ntawm hom" Maxim Gorky "MK 2003 No. 2

3. UA Chernyshev, K. Kulagin Soviet cruisers ntawm Great Patriotic War. Los ntawm Kirov mus rau Kaganovich

4. AWV Platonov "Cruisers ntawm Soviet Fleet"

5. AWV Platonov "Encyclopedia of Soviet Surface Ships"

6. UA Malov, S. V. Patyanin "Lub nkoj cruisers ntawm" Montecuccoli "thiab" Aosta "hom"

7. UA Malov, S. V. Patyanin "Lub nkoj hnyav Trento, Trieste thiab Bolzano"

8. S. Patyanin “Kev khav theeb ntawm British Navy. Lub nroog-chav kawm teeb cruisers

9. S. Patyanin M. Tokarev “Lub nkoj tua hluav taws ceev tshaj plaws. Los ntawm Pearl Harbor mus rau Falklands"

10. S. Patyanin "Tsis Txaus Siab" cruisers - cov neeg yos hav zoov rau raiders"

11. S. Patyanin "Fab Kis caij nkoj ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob"

12 TSA Balakin "Cruiser" Belfast"

13. A. Morin "Lub nkoj cruisers ntawm hom" Chapaev"

14. V. P. Zablotsky "Chapaev-class light cruisers"

15. Samoilov K. I. Marine phau ntawv txhais lus.- M. L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941

16. S. V. Suliga Cov neeg Nyij Pooj hnyav. Nqe 1. thiab T.2.

17. AB Shirokorad "Cov phom loj hauv tebchaws", cov ntawv xov xwm "Cov cuab yeej thiab riam phom" rau lub Peb Hlis 1997

18. IB Shirokorad "Soviet nkoj phom loj"

19. IB Shirokorad "Sib ntaus sib tua rau Hiav Txwv Dub"

20. IB I. Buneev, E. M. Vasiliev, A. N. Egorov, UA Klautov, Y. I. Yakushev "Cov tub rog loj ntawm cov tub rog hauv tebchaws"

21. B. Aisenerg "Battleship" Empress Maria ". Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias fleet"

22. M. V. Zefirov, N. N. Bazhenov, D. M. Degtev “Lub hom phiaj yog nkoj. Kev sib cav ntawm Luftwaffe thiab Soviet Baltic Fleet"

23. V. L. Kofman "Pocket battleship" Admiral Graf Spee"

24. V. L. Kofman Princes ntawm Kriegsmarine. Heavy cruisers ntawm Peb Reich"

25. V. L. Kofman "Heavy cruiser" Algeri"

26. LOJ Goncharov "Cov chav kawm ntawm kev ua tub rog. Artillery thiab Armor ", 1932

27. "Txoj cai ntawm kev siv phom loj ntawm cov nkoj ntawm RKKK. Txoj Cai Kev Pab Cuam Tshooj No. 3 Artillery tua hluav taws tiv thaiv cov hom phiaj hauv nkoj, 1927"

28. "Lub rooj tua hluav taws tseem ceeb ntawm 180-mm phom ntawm 57 calibers nyob rau hauv ntev nrog grooves sib sib zog nqus (NII-13 liner) thiab 180-mm phom ntawm 60 calibers nyob rau hauv ntev nrog zoo grooves", Ntu 1-3., 1948

Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, hauv kev npaj cov kab lus ntawm kab lus no, thawj cov ntawv ntawm kev pom zoo hauv hiav txwv thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv tau siv.

Pom zoo: