Yog li, hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los peb tau tshuaj xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm Soviet lub nkoj cruiser Maxim Gorky thiab nws cov neeg Askiv Askiv Belfast. Hnub no nws yog qhov tig ntawm Brooklyn, Mogami thiab lub nkoj hnyav. Cia peb pib nrog Asmeskas.
Maxim Gorky vs. Brooklyn
Neeg caij nkoj Asmeskas tau pom qhov txawv txav heev. "Brooklyn" yog lub nkoj uas tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm nws lub sijhawm, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nws coj txawv txawv: hauv kev rau siab kom mus txog lwm tus yam ntxwv kom sau cov txiaj ntsig, Asmeskas cov neeg tsim nkoj hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej tso cai yooj yim piav qhia tsis meej. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob ua ntej ntawm peb tus kheej.
Tsawg tsawg tau paub txog Brooklyn hais txog cov cuab yeej tswj hluav taws. Nws muaj ob lub KDPs rau kev tswj hwm qhov hluav taws kub tseem ceeb, thaum txhua KDP tsuas muaj ib lub ntsuas hluav taws xob, tab sis nws tsis paub tias puas muaj lub ntsuas hluav taws xob. Cov peev txheej muaj rau tus kws sau ntawv tsis hais dab tsi txog qhov no, thiab los ntawm kev piav qhia ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm qhov no, ua tsis tau, nws tsis nkag siab: kev sib ntaus sib tua uas Askiv "nroog" tau koom nrog tau piav qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv dua ib qho piv txwv. Thaum tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv raug, peb yuav xav tias qhov kev tswj hluav taws ntawm lub zog loj ntawm "Brooklyn" tsis qis dua li ntawm "Maxim Gorky", txawm hais tias muaj qhov ua xyem xyav txog qhov no. Txawm li cas los xij, peb qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm Maxim Gorky KDP tau muab nws qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau ntawm lub ntsuas cua ntawm Brooklyn.
Lub peev xwm tseem ceeb ntawm Asmeskas yog ntau npaum li 15 * 152-mm rab phom hauv tsib lub phom loj peb rab phom, thiab rab phom muaj tus menyuam txaj thiab … Yuav piav qhia qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no li cas, thiab vim li cas nws thiaj tsim nyog los ua kom lub pej thuam hnyav dua nrog rab phom nyob hauv qhov chaw sib txawv, yog tias lawv tseem tuaj yeem coj tsuas yog txhua tus ua ke, piv txwv li zoo li lawv tau nyob hauv tib lub txaj? Tej zaum qhov no tau ua tiav txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev deb ntau dua ntawm cov kab ntawm lub hauv paus, uas nyob hauv tus yees ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm "Brooklyn" mus txog 1.4 m., ntxiv rau, qhov kev teeb tsa zoo sib xws hais txog qhov tseeb tias cov neeg Asmeskas, zoo li Askiv, tau npaj tua thiab tua hluav taws tag nrho, piv txwv li. siv tib txoj kev qub uas pom ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov paib poob. Thiab ib qho kev tshawb fawb nyob hauv KDP … txhua yam zoo li qhia txog tus kheej ntawm txoj hauv kev tswj hluav taws ntawm Asmeskas thiab Askiv cov neeg caij nkoj. Yog tias peb paub tias Brooklyn, zoo li cov neeg caij nkoj hauv tebchaws Askiv, tau tawm tsam nrog cov kwj deg tag nrho, tom qab ntawv qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, tab sis, qhov tseeb, peb tsis paub. Nov yog txhua yam uas peb tuaj yeem hais tau tseeb: txawm hais tias lub foob pob hluav taws Brooklyn tuaj yeem muab xoom nrog "lub taub hau" thiab ntawm no qhov kev tso phom nyob hauv qhov chaw sib txawv tsis ua rau Asmeskas muaj qhov zoo.
Raws li rau lub plhaub, ntawm no cov neeg Asmeskas tsis txawv ntawm Askiv rau qhov zoo dua: yog tias lub tebchaws Askiv rau-nti lub plhaub tau tua 50.8-kg projectile nrog thawj zaug ceev ntawm 841 m / s, tom qab ntawd Asmeskas ib leeg-tsuas yog 47.6-kg nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 812 m / s …Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib nrab ntawm cov cuab yeej siv phom hauv Asmeskas tau nruab nrog tsuas yog 1.1 kg ntawm cov foob pob tawm tsam 1.7 kg hauv tebchaws Askiv. Muaj tseeb tiag, "Txiv ntxawm Sam" tau rov qab los ntawm qhov ua rau lub siab tawg: cov phom no los ntawm cov neeg Amelikas nqa ntau li 6, 2 kg ntawm qhov tawg ntawm 3.6 kg ntawm cov neeg Askiv.
Paub txog qhov pom kev ntau dhau ntawm nws "kev sib cav", Tebchaws Asmeskas tau tsim "hnyav heev" rau-rau-ntiv tes riam phom-59-kg projectile. Tau kawg, nws qhov pib nrawm dua li lub teeb 47.6 kg thiab tsuas yog 762 m / s. Tab sis vim nws lub ntiajteb txawj nqus loj dua, qhov projectile poob lub zog qeeb dua, ya mus ntxiv (yuav luag 24 km piv rau kwv yees li 21.5 km rau lub teeb pom kev) thiab muaj cov cuab yeej nkag tau zoo dua me ntsis. Raws li qhov ntsuas kawg, tam sim no Brooklyn cov phom tau zoo dua Belfast: yog tias Askiv 50, 8-kg 75 kbt projectile muaj qhov nrawm ntawm 335 m / s, Asmeskas 59-kg 79 kbt muaj 344 m / s, txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias cov ces kaum ntog tau piv.
Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum tau them rau ib qho txiaj ntsig: hauv USSR, lawv kuj tau tsim cov phom loj loj (txawm hais tias rau 305-mm cov phom loj) thiab tsis ntev los ntseeg tias qhov hnyav tshaj rau nws qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau lub zog tsis muaj zog. Cov neeg Asmeskas kuj tau ntsib ib yam (txawm hais tias qhov hnyav ntawm lawv qhov projectile tshiab yuav luag 24% siab dua qhov qub, tab sis "hnyav" muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem haum tsuas yog 0.9 kg ntawm cov khoom tawg, piv txwv li tsawg dua li qub 47.6 kg (1, 1 kg) thiab ntau tsawg dua li hauv British plhaub).
Tus so ntawm Asmeskas tus yees yuav tsum raug lees paub tias zoo heev. Ib yam li cov lus Askiv, lawv tsis muaj lub kaum sab xis ruaj khov, tab sis muaj ntau qhov kev thauj khoom lub kaum ntse ntse (los ntawm –5 txog +20 degrees), thaum, pom tseeb, lub charger zoo ib yam thiab ua kom cov phom nrawm nrawm dua txhua qhov. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov yees tau dhau los ua nrawm heev: rau lub nkoj "Savannah" tau kaw cov ntaub ntawv - 138 ncig ib feeb los ntawm tag nrho 15 phom, lossis ntaus nrig txhua 6.5 vib nas this! Tab sis ntawm no yog cov txheej txheem kev daws teeb meem uas tau txais qhov hluav taws kub zoo li no …
Ntawm qhov one tes, cov neeg Asmeskas tau tiv thaiv lawv cov phom loj loj. Cov phaj pem hauv ntej ntawm tus pej thuam yog 165 hli, ntawm ob sab, cov phaj sab muaj 76 nyob ze rau ntawm phaj pem hauv ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv ua rau nyias li 38 hli. 51 hli muaj lub ru tsev nyob ntawm kab rov tav. Barbet tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cuab yeej 152 hli. Tab sis …
Ua ntej, txhawm rau txo qhov me me ntawm cov tub rog tub rog, cov neeg Amelikas tau tso lub plhaub ncaj qha rau hauv barbet, thiab qhov no nyuaj heev hu rau kev daws teeb meem. Qhov thib ob: qhov hnyav barbet tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub tsho tiv thaiv tiv thaiv, vim li ntawd, nws tau xaus yam tsis tau mus txog ib qho (thiab kom siab dua - ob) qhov chaw sib tshuam mus rau qhov kawg. Nruab nrab ntawm barbette thiab lub tsho tiv thaiv kab mob, tsuas yog lub raj nqaim pub rau cov nqi (76 hli) tau ua armored. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov phom loj uas muaj zog heev tiv thaiv tau tiv thaiv tsis tau los ntawm kev raug "hauv qab daim tiab", E. E. mus rau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm barbet thiab lub tsho tiv thaiv tiv thaiv - lub plhaub uas tau tawg hauv qab barbet yuav luag lav tias "kov" lub plhaub khaws cia rau ntawd.
Feem ntau, kev tso npe ntawm Brooklyn chav kawm cruisers tawm ntau cov lus nug. Piv txwv li, lub nroog loj heev (4, 22 m), ua los ntawm daim hlau thaiv ruaj ruaj. Los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, rau 2, 84 m, txoj siv sia tau muaj qhov tuab ntawm 127 mm, tom qab ntawd nws tau thinned mus rau 82, 5 mm, thiab cov neeg taug kev muaj qhov tuab tuab ntawm 127 mm. Tab sis txoj siv sia tiv thaiv npog tsuas yog chav cav, piv txwv li. txog 60 metres lossis tsawg dua li ib feem peb ntawm tus neeg caij nkoj ntev! Txoj siv tawv tiv thaiv hauv qab nqaim heev (uas yog, nws tau ua tiav hauv dej) nrog qhov tuab ntawm 51 hli mus los ntawm lub nroog mus rau lub qhov ntswg: nws txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau npog cov phom loj ntawm lub hauv paus loj. Tab sis nyob rau sab nraub qaum, lub hull tsis tau npog dab tsi hlo li, tab sis sab hauv lub hull muaj 120-mm armored bulkhead uas tiv thaiv cov phom loj ntawm lub hauv paus loj ntawm lub roj teeb tseem ceeb. Txhua qhov tau hais los saum toj no tau "xauv" nrog kab hla 95, 25 hli tuab. Saum toj no lub nroog ntawm hneev siv hlua khi hneev thiab nraub qaum ris tsho tiv thaiv, muaj 51-mm armored lawj.
Feem ntau, kev tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem piav raws li "tag nrho lossis tsis muaj dab tsi" tiv thaiv 152-mm lub tsho tiv thaiv phom: lub nroog citadel txoj siv txoj hlua tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm lawv, thiab tsoo sab tsis muaj phom yuav ua rau qhov tseeb tias lub plhaub tsuas ya mus yam tsis muaj kev tawg.. Tab sis kev foob pob ntawm tus neeg caij nkoj nrog rau-rau-nti lub foob pob tawg loj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj dej nyab loj heev ntawm qhov kawg, txij li tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tiv thaiv lub nkoj ntawm theem dej. Hauv qhov no, cov dej yuav raug nchuav rau pem hauv ntej / tom qab armored decks nyob hauv qab kab dej.
Feem ntau, hauv qhov xwm txheej sib tw ntawm qhov deb ntawm 75 kbt tawm tsam Maxim Gorky, Asmeskas tus neeg caij nkoj zoo li me ntsis zoo dua li lus Askiv. Nws kuj tseem yuav muaj teeb meem nrog xoom (lub sijhawm ya dav hlau ntawm Asmeskas qhov projectile ntawm qhov deb yog kwv yees li 30 vib nas this) thiab, tag nrho lwm yam sib npaug, yuav nrhiav kev npog qeeb dua li lub nkoj Soviet, thiab nws 47.6 kg zoo li tsis txaus ntshai rau Maxim Gorky. Tab sis rau "hnyav hnyav" 59-kg zoo li, tseem muaj lub sijhawm me me txhawm rau nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog ntawm lub nkoj, tab sis tsuas yog "Maxim Gorky" nyob ncaj nraim rau txoj kab hluav taws ntawm "Brooklyn", thiab qhov no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv hiav txwv. Ib qho ntxiv, Soviet cruiser, muaj qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev nrawm, ib txwm tuaj yeem hla tus neeg Asmeskas me ntsis, lossis sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov chav kawm sib txawv, thiab ntawm no tsis muaj sijhawm ntxiv los nkag rau hauv cov cuab yeej ntawm Brooklyn cov phom. Thiab txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej, muaj tsawg lub sijhawm ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj nrog rau qhov hnyav 0.9 kg ntawm cov khoom tawg.
Yog li ntawd, qhov tsim nyog tshaj lij tshaj lij "rau Brooklyn" yog kev tawm tsam nrog cov foob pob tawg loj. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tua hluav taws ntawm Asmeskas tus neeg caij nkoj tiag tiag ua rau lub tswv yim xav tsis thoob, mus txog 9-10 rds / min rau ib lub thoob, uas ua rau nws ua tau (hauv hom hluav taws kub ceev), txawm hais tias suav nrog kev tawm suab, kom ntaus pob txhua 10-12 teev. vib nas this. Raws li, nws tau txiav txim siab rau cov neeg Asmeskas hloov pauv, tom qab xoom rau, kom tua hluav taws sai nrog "cov av" nyob rau hauv kev cia siab ntawm "ntuav" Soviet nkoj nrog lub plhaub uas muaj ntau li 6 kg ntawm cov khoom tawg.
Qhov teeb meem yog Maxim Gorky tau tiv thaiv zoo heev los ntawm cov foob pob tawg loj, tab sis Brooklyn, uas nws lub nroog tau ntau dua ib nrab tsuav ntev li ntawm lub Soviet cruiser, yog qhov tsis zoo. "Maxim Gorky" tsis ua rau muaj kev nkag siab tob tob rau kev sib ntaus nrog cov cuab yeej ua rog: thaj chaw ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntsug ntawm Asmeskas tus neeg caij nkoj me me dhau lawm, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias, poob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj cuab yeej thiab cov khoom loj, Soviet cov cuab yeej siv phom. thiab ib lub tsho tiv thaiv ib rab phom yuav ya tawm mus yam tsis tawg. Tab sis cov foob pob 180 mm siab nrog lawv 7, 86 kg ntawm cov khoom tawg tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tawg hauv Brooklyn lub cev tsis muaj phom. Yog lawm, Asmeskas cov phom tau nrawm dua, tab sis qhov no tau them nyiaj rau qee qhov los ntawm kev nce kev sib kis ntawm lawv 152-mm zoo li.
Ntawm qhov kev deb ntau dua 75-80 kbt, Soviet cruiser kuj muaj qhov zoo: siv tus nqi sib ntaus sib tua tsawg, "Maxim Gorky" tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub tsho tiv thaiv ntawm "Brooklyn" ntawm qhov deb uas txawm tias "hnyav heev" 152-mm plhaub ntawm citadel ntawm lub nkoj hauv tsev tseem tsis tau hem. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, 59-kg projectile muaj txoj hauv kev nkag mus rau 50-mm lawj ntawm Soviet cruiser ntawm qhov deb heev, tab sis mus rau Maxim Gorky los ntawm qhov kev ncua deb (suav nrog qhov loj qhov tawg loj) yog qhov nyuaj heev, thiab vim li cas Gorky yuav sib ntaus hauv txoj haujlwm tsis zoo rau nws? Qhov kom zoo dua hauv kev nrawm, thiab yog li qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob deb, koom nrog lub nkoj Soviet.
Tab sis ntawm qhov kev ncua deb (3-4 mais) "Brooklyn" vim nws qhov txaus nyiam ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau lub nroog ntawm "Maxim Gorky" yuav twb muaj qhov zoo dua lub nkoj ntawm 26-bis project. Tab sis qee qhov nws tau ua txhaum los ntawm Asmeskas qhov kev txiav txim siab coj txawv txawv - kev tso tseg cov raj torpedo. Tau kawg, ib khub ntawm peb-yeeb nkab 533-mm TA, sawv ntawm Soviet thiab Askiv cruisers, tsis tuaj yeem tiv qhov kev sib piv nrog cov riam phom torpedo ntawm cov neeg Japanese cruisers: tsis suav nrog tus naj npawb ntawm torpedoes hauv lub nkoj thauj khoom, lossis hauv lawv thaj tsam lossis hwj chim. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua luv luv, peb lub torpedo salvo (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsaus ntuj) tuaj yeem ua pov thawj los txiav txim siab qhov kev sib cav ntawm kev sib cav ntawm cov hlau loj, tab sis Asmeskas tus neeg caij nkoj tsuas tuaj yeem tso siab rau rab phom loj.
Los ntawm qhov tau hais dhau los, qhov xaus ua raws: txawm hais tias Brooklyn tiv thaiv Soviet cruiser zoo li me ntsis zoo dua li lus Askiv Belfast, qhov zoo ntawm nruab nrab thiab qhov kev ncua deb tseem nyob nrog Maxim Gorky. Ntawm cov kab lus luv luv, Brooklyn muaj qhov zoo dua hauv rab phom loj, tab sis nws tsis muaj cov cuab yeej siv torpedo zoo heev txo qhov muaj feem ntawm Asmeskas tus neeg caij nkoj hla luv. Yog li, lub nkoj Soviet tseem muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li nws cov neeg Asmeskas, thiab qhov no txawm tias qhov tseeb tias kev hloov chaw ntawm Brooklyn yog 1600-1800 tons (rau ntau lub nkoj thauj khoom ntawm koob) ntau dua li ntawm Maxim Gorky.
Maxim Gorky vs. Mogami
Yog tias ib tus neeg xav tias Soviet 180 mm B-1-P rab phom nrog nws qhov siab txog 3,200 kg / sq. cm tau muaj zog heev, tom qab ntawv yuav hais dab tsi txog 155-mm Nyij Pooj rab phom loj, uas muaj 3,400 kg / sq. cm? Txawm hais tias cov neeg German tsis tso cai rau lawv tus kheej, thiab qhov no txawm tias qhov tseeb tias kev lag luam German, tsis zoo li cov neeg Nyij Pooj, tsis tau ntsib kev tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias, zoo li lub peev xwm tseem ceeb ntawm Soviet cruisers, Nyij Pooj 155-mm rab phom tau zoo li "ib txwm" 33.8 kg nqi (piv rau peb qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, uas tsim lub zog hauv lub thoob ntawm 3400 kg / sq. Cm), thiab txo tus nqi, ntawm qhov pib qhov nrawm ntawm qhov projectile tau qis dua, thiab kev muaj sia nyob ntawm lub thoob yog siab dua.
"Txhawb nqa-kev sib ntaus" tsub kom nrawm 55, 87-kg projectile mus rau qhov pib ceev ntawm 920 m / s, uas tau muab "Mogami" zoo tshaj plaws rau kev nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej ntawm cov phom loj sib xws hauv lwm lub tebchaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua ntawm cov phom Nyij Pooj tau zoo nyob rau theem ntawm lawv tus kheej 200-mm rab phom loj, txawm tias tua nyob deb ze rau qhov txwv. Rau cov yam ntxwv zoo li no, ib tus yuav tsum tau them ob qho tib si rau cov peev txheej ntawm lub thoob (250-300 txhaj tshuaj) thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, uas tsis tshaj 5 txhaj tshuaj / min, thiab txawm tias qhov no, pom tau tias tsuas yog ua tiav thaum tua nrog kev nce siab ntsug tsis dhau ntau dua lub kaum sab xis thauj khoom hauv 7 degrees.
Hais txog qhov kev tswj hwm hluav taws, tsis muaj ib yam tseem ceeb tuaj yeem hais tau ib yam: cov peev txheej muaj rau tus kws sau tsab xov xwm no tsis piav qhia nws nrog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom raug (tsuas muaj ib lub rangefinder, tab sis txhua yam ntxiv …). Tab sis kev teev npe ntawm Mogami-chav cruisers tau kawm zoo.
Cov chav rhaub dej kub thiab chav cav tau raug tiv thaiv los ntawm ib puag ncig (ntawm lub kaum sab xis 20 degrees) txoj siv sia tiv thaiv 78, 15 m ntev, 2, 55 mm siab thiab 100 mm tuab (nyob rau sab sauv ntug), ua rau qis dua 65 mm. Los ntawm qis dua ntawm txoj siv txoj siv sia tiv thaiv kab mob thiab txuas ntxiv mus kom txog rau hnub ob, muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv torpedo cov cuab yeej loj, nrog tuab ntawm 65 hli (sab saum toj) txog 25 hli (hauv qab). Yog li, tag nrho qhov siab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tau ntau npaum li 6.5 meters! Tab sis lub nroog tsis tau xaus qhov ntawd: tsawg dua (4.5 m) thiab tsuas yog nthuav tawm me ntsis saum cov nplaim dej tiv thaiv txoj siv sia, uas muaj 140 hli raws ntug ntug nrog qhov txo qis hauv qab mus rau 30 hli. Yog li, tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub nroog ntawm Japanese cruisers mus txog 132, 01-135, 93 meters! Cov tuab ntawm cov neeg hla mus txog 105 hli.
Raws li rau lub tsho tiv thaiv tiv thaiv, saum lub chav rhaub dej thiab chav cav, nws tau tuab li 35 hli, tab sis nws tsis ntsaws rau ntawm txoj siv sia. Hloov chaw, 60 mm bevels (ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 20 degrees) mus los ntawm nws cov npoo mus rau sab saud ntawm txoj siv sia. Ntxiv rau hauv hneev thiab lub hauv paus, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tshiab li no: 40-mm armored lawj nteg rau sab saud ntawm 140-mm armored siv.
Hauv qhov sib piv rau kev xav ntau thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv lub hull, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm tus yees thiab barbets zoo nkaus li "duab los qhia", tsuas muaj 25.4 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv. Tseeb, rau qhov kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau taw qhia tias los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab kwv yees li ntawm qhov siab ntawm 2.5 m (rau tus yees No. 3 thiab 4), lawv cov pins nruab nrab tau tiv thaiv los ntawm 75-100 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej (rau lwm tus yees, cov ntsuas ntsuas sib xws yog 1.5 m thiab 75 mm).
Nyob deb ntawm kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus "Mogami" rau "Maxim Gorky" yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus neeg caij nkoj tau piav qhia ua ntej. Soviet cruiser tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev nrawm ntawm zeroing. Tus sau ntawm kab ntawv no tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseeb ntawm lub sijhawm ya dav hlau ntawm Nyij Pooj 155-mm projectiles ntawm 75 kbt, tab sis nws paub tias lawv cov qhov ncauj qhov ncauj sib npaug rau qhov muzzle nrawm ntawm Soviet 180-mm projectiles. Thiab txawm hais tias hnyav dua "khoom zoo" yuav poob nrawm dua li cov neeg Nyij Pooj, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm ya dav hlau yuav tsis tseem ceeb npaum li cov neeg caij nkoj Askiv thiab Asmeskas. Raws li, qee qhov kom zoo dua rau lub nkoj Soviet tuaj yeem tsuas yog muab los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo hauv PUS qhov zoo, tab sis peb tsis tuaj yeem hais tias nws zoo npaum li cas.
Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 75 kbt, 70-mm ntsug cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj hauv tsev tsis yooj yim rau 155-mm Nyij Pooj, tab sis qhov rov qab kuj tseem muaj tseeb: txawm tias 140-mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, txawm tias nyob ntawm 20 degrees, yuav tsis tiv taus 97.5 -KG B-1-P cov cuab yeej-tho qhov projectile … Tib yam siv rau cov phom tiv thaiv saum lub cav thiab chav rhaub dej kub ntawm "Mogami" (60 hli), uas tseem yuav tsis dhau los ua qhov teeb meem rau cov foob pob Soviet. Tab sis feem ntau, peb yuav tsum lees tias kev tiv thaiv ntawm ob lub nkoj tsis txaus los tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab phom loj, thiab yog li ntawd tus uas tuaj yeem ua kom muaj ntau tus ntaus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab yuav yeej. Thiab ntawm no Mogami tseem muaj txoj hauv kev ntau dua: nws cov phom 155-mm tsawg kawg li zoo li Soviet 180-mm phom hais txog qhov hluav taws kub, qhov tseeb ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj zoo heev, tab sis cov phom loj yog 1.67 npaug ntau dua.. Tau kawg, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov foob pob hauv Nyij Pooj (1, 152 kg) yuav luag ib nrab ntawm Soviet ib qho, uas muab Maxim Gorky qee qhov zoo, tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias Mogami loj dua. Tus txheej txheem hloov chaw ntawm Mogami-chav cruisers yog 12,400 tons, thiab qhov ua tau zoo tshaj qhov loj tau muab rau lub nkoj Nyij Pooj nrog kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntau dua li Maxim Gorky. Tias yog vim li cas "Mogami" hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm qhov deb ntawm 75 kbt tseem yuav muaj qhov zoo tshaj.
Ntawm no nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej: hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, tus sau ntawm kab lus no txiav txim siab txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov nkoj tam sim tom qab lawv tsim, tab sis qhov "Mogs" yuav tsum tau ua qhov tshwj tseg, txij li hauv nws thawj daim ntawv cov neeg caij nkoj tsis zoo (lawv tswj kom tau txais kev puas tsuaj rau lub nkoj hauv dej ntsiag to, yooj yim los ntawm kev txhim kho nrawm), thiab tsuas yog kev hloov kho tshiab tam sim ntawd ua rau lawv muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua tag nrho. Thiab tom qab qhov kev hloov kho tshiab no, cov txheej txheem tshem tawm ntawm tib "Mikum" tsuas yog mus txog 12,400 tons.
Yog li, ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb, Mogami tau hla Maxim Gorky, tab sis nyob deb (90 kbt thiab dhau mus), Soviet cruiser yuav tau txais qhov zoo dua: ntawm no Mogami lub tsho tiv thaiv lawj tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus 180-mm zoo li, ntawm qhov ntawd lub sijhawm yuav ua li cas "Maxim Gorky" yuav nyob tsis taus rau cov phom ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj cruiser-tsis yog ib sab lossis lub lawj ntawm tus neeg caij nkoj ntawm txoj haujlwm 26-bis ntawm qhov kev ncua deb no yuav siv 155-mm zoo li. Tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias, tsis zoo li Brooklyn thiab Belfast, hauv kev sib tsoo tawm tsam Mogami, Maxim Gorky tsis muaj qhov nrawm dua thiab tsis tuaj yeem xaiv qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua haum, tab sis nws tuaj yeem khaws qhov tam sim no, txij li ob leeg nrawm dua cruisers tau kwv yees li sib npaug.
Zoo, ntawm qhov kev ncua deb, qhov zoo tshaj ntawm Mogami tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj, txij li plaub peb-yeeb nkab 610-mm torpedo tubes tau ntxiv rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov phom loj, uas yog ob npaug ntawm Soviet lub nkoj thiab, raws li nws tau, tsis ntau npaum li zoo: torpedoes sib npaug rau Japanese Long Lance , Tom qab ntawd tsis muaj leej twg nyob hauv ntiaj teb.
Yog li, hauv kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm sib cav sib ceg ntawm Mogami hauv nws qhov 155-mm incarnation thiab Maxim Gorky, qee qhov zoo tshaj ntawm Japanese cruiser yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas. Tab sis qhov tseeb tias Soviet lub nkoj, ua ib thiab ib nrab lub sijhawm me dua, txawm li cas los tsis zoo li "whipping boy" txhua, thiab txawm tias dhau nws cov neeg sib tw ntawm qhov deb, hais lus ntau.
Feem ntau, los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm "Maxim Gorky" nrog lub teeb cruisers ntawm cov thawj tub rog lub zog, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem hais tau. Nws yog qhov kev txiav txim siab los nqa cov nkoj Soviet nrog 180-mm rab phom loj uas tau muab rau lawv kom zoo dua li "rau-nti" lub nkoj, uas tom kawg tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau los ntawm lawv qhov loj dua lossis kev tiv thaiv zoo dua. Tsuas yog lub nkoj nqa 155-hli rab phom loj thiab nce (tsis dhau) qhov zoo tshaj li lub nkoj Soviet ("Mogami") yog ib thiab ib nrab npaug loj dua li "Maxim Gorky".
Cia peb txav mus rau lub nkoj hnyav thiab pib nrog tib Mogami, uas tau hloov nws rab phom 15 * 155-mm mus rau 10 * 203, rab phom 2-mm. Qhov no tam sim ua rau Soviet cruiser pom tsis muaj zog ntawm kev nyob deb. Cov neeg Nyij Pooj tuaj yeem tua nrog tsib rab phom ib nrab ntawm cov phom, txhua tus uas tua tsuas yog ib rab phom hauv lub pej thuam, piv txwv li. qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa roj los ntawm cov phom nyob sib ze tsis nyob txhua qhov. Ib tus neeg caij nkoj Soviet nrog nws cov phom nyob hauv ib lub txaj yuav tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo li thaum sib tua nrog plaub- thiab tsib rab phom salvoes, yog li ntawd, nyob deb deb, ib tus yuav tsum cia siab me ntsis qhov tseeb ntau dua li cov neeg Nyij Pooj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Nyij Pooj yim-rab phom muaj zog dua: nws lub 125, 85-kg projectile nqa 3, 11 kg ntawm cov khoom tawg, uas yog ib thiab ib nrab zaug ntau dua li ntawm 180-mm "cov cuab yeej siv phom. ". Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg caij nkoj Nyij Pooj tseem muaj zog dua li lub nkoj Soviet thaum nruab nrab thiab luv: yog tias ua ntej nws qhov ua tau zoo los ntawm lub peev xwm "ncav cuag" cov yeeb ncuab nrog ntau tus ntaus, tam sim no nws muaj lub zog loj dua. Nrog rab phom 203-mm, Mogami twb tau qhia meej meej txog qhov zoo dua ntawm Maxim Gorky, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws tus kheej tsis muaj peev xwm kov yeej tau: ntawm txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua rau 180-mm zoo li ntawm Soviet cruiser, ob tog lossis lub lawj ntawm Japanese cruiser tuaj yeem nkag tau, thiab "Cardboard" towers "Mogami" yog qhov muaj kev phom sij heev ntawm txhua qhov kev sib ntaus. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov zoo tshaj ntawm "yim-ntiv" "Mogami" hauv kev sib piv nrog "rau-ntiv" ib tus tau loj hlob, "Maxim Gorky" yeej tsis muaj zog, thiab nws tseem muaj qee lub sijhawm yeej.
"Maxim Gorky" tawm tsam "Admiral Hipper"
Cov neeg caij nkoj ntawm Admiral Hipper chav kawm tsis suav tias yog cov nkoj muaj hmoo. V. Kofman muab nws ua tau zoo heev hauv nws daim duab monograph Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Kriegsmarine: Hnyav Cruisers ntawm Peb Reich:
"Lub xeev siab ntawm German thev naus laus zis thiab kev tsim vaj tsev xav yooj yim tsis tso cai tsim qhov haujlwm uas tsis tau ua tiav, txawm hais tias yog cov neeg caij nkoj ntawm Admiral Hipper hom, ib tus tuaj yeem hais ib yam tias qhov kev sim no tseem ua tau."
Qhov no yog ib nrab vim yog cov phiaj xwm qub qub, yuav luag tsis hloov pauv (tsis suav qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tuab tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv), qiv los ntawm lub teeb German cruisers. Admiral Hipper txoj siv sia tiv thaiv tau ntev heev, nws tiv thaiv lub freeboard yuav luag tag nrho nws qhov ntev, npog chav boiler, chav cav thiab chav tub rog loj, thiab me ntsis ntxiv dhau qhov ntawd, nthuav tawm dhau ntawm lub barbets ntawm hneev thiab lub tsev siab. Tab sis qhov no, tau kawg, cuam tshuam nws cov tuab - 80 hli ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 12, 5 degrees. Ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txoj siv, lub nroog tau kaw los ntawm 80 mm hla kev. Tab sis txawm tias tom qab hla mus, txoj siv sia tiv thaiv txuas ntxiv: 70 hli tuab ntawm lub hauv paus, 40 hli tuab ntawm hneev, 30 hli tuab peb meters los ntawm qia.
Kuj tseem muaj ob lub tsho tiv thaiv kab mob, sab saud thiab tseem ceeb. Ib sab saum toj tau nthuav dav hla lub nroog (txawm tias me ntsis ntxiv hauv lub hauv paus) thiab yog 25 hli tuab saum cov chav rhaub dej thiab 12-20 hli nyob rau lwm qhov chaw. Nws tau kwv yees tias nws yuav ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm fuse activator rau projectiles, uas yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li tuaj yeem foob pob hauv qhov chaw sib tshuam, ua ntej mus txog rau lub lawj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb. Qhov kawg tau muaj qhov tuab ntawm 30 hli thoob plaws tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub nroog, ua kom tuab txog 40 hli tsuas yog nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm tus yees. Yog lawm, lub tsho tiv thaiv lub ntsiab tseem ceeb muaj cov bevels, ib txwm rau cov nkoj German, uas muaj qhov tuab tib yam li 30 hli thiab txuas rau sab qis ntawm txoj siv sia. Ib feem kab rov tav ntawm lub lawj cuab yeej tseem ceeb tau nyob txog ib lub 'meter' hauv qab sab saud ntawm txoj siv sia.
Tus yees ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg caij nkoj "Admiral Hipper" nqa cov cuab yeej hnyav: 160 hli hauv pliaj, los ntawm qhov uas muaj zog nqes 105-hli cov cuab yeej phaj tau nce, seem ntawm phab ntsa muaj 70-80 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv. Barbets txhua txoj hauv kev mus txog rau lub lawj tiv thaiv kab hlau loj muaj qhov sib npaug tuab ntawm 80 hli. Lub tsev pheeb suab muaj 150 hli phab ntsa thiab 50 hli lub ru tsev, ntxiv rau, muaj lwm qhov kev xaj hauv cheeb tsam: cov ntawv tshaj tawm, chav tswj hwm thiab ntau chav tseem ceeb muaj 20 hli tiv thaiv, thiab lwm yam.
Kev tswj hwm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lub nkoj German hnyav yog tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj hauv ntiaj teb (ua ntej yuav muaj cov phom loj radars). Suffice nws hais tias "Admiral Hipper" muaj ntau li peb tus tswj. Ib qho ntxiv, MSA tau dhau los ua "tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau tiag tiag", txij li cov neeg German tswj hwm kom mus txog ob lossis plaub zaug ntxiv ntawm qee yam ntawm cov cuab yeej siv! Tag nrho cov no tau nqus ntau qhov hnyav, ua rau lub nkoj hnyav dua, tab sis muaj qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm CCP qhov zoo. Yim tus neeg German 203 -mm rab phom yog tus kws tshaj lij ntawm cov phom loj - vim yog muab qhov ceev tshaj plaws thaum pib tshaj tawm, cov foob pob ya mus tiaj tus, uas ua tiav qhov nce hauv qhov tseeb.
Koj tuaj yeem hais dab tsi txog qhov xwm txheej sib ntaus ntawm Maxim Gorky thiab Admiral Hipper? Yog lawm, Soviet cruiser tsis muaj thaj chaw tswj hwm dawb: ntawm txhua qhov, nws tus yeeb ncuab yim-ntiv tes zoo li muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau ob sab 70 hli lossis hla ntawm lub nroog, lossis 50 hli lub tsho tiv thaiv. Cov phom loj hauv German yog qhov tseeb dua (thaum tua nrog ib nrab salvoes, German lub plhaub tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hmoov av los ntawm cov phom nyob sib ze, txij li tsuas yog ib rab phom ntawm txhua lub turret koom nrog hauv ib nrab salvo), tus nqi ntawm cov hluav taws sib piv, thiab German PUS zoo dua. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, qhov zoo tshaj ntawm Soviet cruiser nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm phom nyob rau ib chim txiav txim siab kiag li tsis muaj dab tsi.
Thiab tseem muaj kev sib ntaus ib leeg ntawm "Admiral Hipper" thiab "Maxim Gorky" yuav tsis yog "kev ua si ib leeg" ib leeg. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus sib tua (75 kbt), cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rab phom ntawm Soviet cruiser muaj peev xwm nkag mus tau ob qho tib si 80-mm armor siv thiab 30-mm bevel qab nws, thiab qhov no tseem nyob hauv qhov dav dav ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm kev ntsib nrog cov cuab yeej ua rog. German barbets ntawm lub ntsiab calibre turrets tseem tsis muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv Soviet 180 mm zoo li. Thiab ntawm qhov kev ncua deb, thaum tua nrog cov nqi sib ntaus sib tua tsawg, lub tsho tiv thaiv ntawm German cruiser, muaj cov tuab tuab ntawm 42-55 mm, ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Ib qho ntxiv, nruab nrab ntawm lub lawj sab saud (qhov chaw uas thawj lub tsho tiv thaiv kab mob nyob) thiab lub tsho tiv thaiv lub ntsiab muaj ntau dua ib thiab ib nrab qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm sab tsis muaj tub rog - yog tias Soviet lub foob pob tau los txog, tsuas yog 30 hli ntawm lub ntsiab armored lawj yuav nyob hauv nws txoj kev.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev nrawm ntawm German tus neeg caij nkoj, txawm tias nyob hauv kev sim thaum yuam lub rhaub dej kub, tsis muaj ntau dua 32.5 pob, thiab hauv kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub nws tsis tshua muaj txog 30 pob. "Maxim Gorky" tau nrawm dua thiab muaj lub sijhawm zoo ntawm "rov qab mus rau txoj haujlwm npaj". Yog lawm, lub nkoj hnyav German tsis tuaj yeem xaiv qhov sib ntaus sib tua.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov xav paub qhov txawv txav yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus lej: German ib nrab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv qhov project tau ze rau qhov zoo kom muaj qhov tawg ntau dua li cov cuab yeej-tho, piv txwv li, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog uas yog 50 kb ib nrab cov cuab yeej -piercing projectile tuaj yeem nkag mus tsis tshaj 100 hli. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev sib ntaus ntawm 75 kbt nrog cov phiaj xwm zoo sib xws nrog lub cruiser nrog 70 mm ntsug armor tsis ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntau: kev nkag mus rau tej cuab yeej, tej zaum, tuaj yeem ua tau, tab sis txhua lub sijhawm thib peb. Yog li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub nkoj Soviet, nrog rau tag nrho nws qhov tsis txaus, txawm li cas los xij xav kom cov tub rog German siv cov cuab yeej siv phom hle, thiab cov uas hais txog cov ntsiab lus tawg (2, 3 kg) tsis txawv ntawm Soviet 180-hli (1,97kg) ib.
Yog lawm, tus neeg tsav nkoj German muaj ntau dua Maxim Gorky hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Yog lawm, nws rab phom loj muaj zog dua, thiab nws txoj kev tiv thaiv muaj zog dua. Tab sis nws yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas tsis nyob hauv ib qho ntawm cov kev ntsuas no, ntawm tus kheej, lossis hauv lawv qhov kev suav tag nrho, "Admiral Hipper" tsis muaj kev txiav txim siab zoo dua li lub nkoj ntawm 26-bis project. Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas German hnyav cruiser tau zoo dua rau Soviet lub nkoj cruiser yog nws qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ruaj khov, tab sis ntxiv, zoo li hauv Mogs, qhov no yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov loj ntawm German cruiser. "Admiral Hipper" muaj tus qauv txav chaw ntawm 14,550 tons, piv txwv li. ntau dua "Maxim Gorky" los ntawm yuav luag 1.79 zaug!
Kev sib piv nrog Italis "Zara" lossis Asmeskas "Wichita", feem ntau, yuav tsis ntxiv dab tsi rau qhov kev txiav txim ua ntej. Ib yam li "Mogami" thiab "Admiral Hipper", vim muaj zog 203-mm rab phom loj, lawv tuaj yeem tsoo Soviet cruiser ntawm txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab, feem ntau, muaj qhov zoo tshaj nws, tab sis lawv kev tiv thaiv kuj tseem muaj zog rau 180-mm Soviet vim li cas kev sib ntaus nrog "Maxim Gorky" yuav dhau mus tsis zoo rau lawv. Tag nrho cov neeg caij nkoj no, vim lawv qhov loj me, muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntau dua hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua (lub nkoj loj dua, nyuaj dua nws yog dab tsi), tab sis tib lub sijhawm lawv tsis zoo rau Soviet cruiser nrawm dua. Tsis muaj ib lub nkoj hnyav hnyav saum toj no muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj li lub nkoj hauv tsev, thaum lawv txhua tus loj dua li Maxim Gorky. Tib yam "Zara", piv txwv li, dhau ntawm 26-bis nrog tus qauv hloov chaw los ntawm ntau dua 1, 45 zaug, uas txhais tau tias nws kim dua.
Yog li, hais txog nws qhov kev sib ntaus zoo, "Maxim Gorky" nyob hauv nruab nrab txoj haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm lub teeb thiab hnyav cruisers - tshaj li ib lub teeb cruiser hauv ntiaj teb, nws qis dua qhov hnyav, tab sis mus rau qhov tsawg dua li nws "rau -nti "cov neeg sib tw. Lub nkoj Soviet tuaj yeem khiav dim los ntawm feem coob ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj hnyav, tab sis kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lawv tsis yog txhais tau tias raug txim tuag rau nws.
Cov lus me me: qee tus neeg nyeem hwm cov kab lus ntawm kab ntawv no tau sau hauv cov lus hais tias kev sib piv ntawm lub taub hau-rau-lub taub hau ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj hauv qhov xwm txheej dueling yog qee qhov sib nrauj los ntawm qhov tseeb. Ib tus tuaj yeem (thiab yuav tsum tau) pom zoo nrog qhov no. Cov kev sib piv zoo li no yog kwv yees: nws yuav raug ntau dua los txiav txim siab qhov kev sib tham ntawm txhua tus neeg caij nkoj tshwj xeeb rau cov haujlwm uas tau muab rau nws. Puas yog Belfast qis dua Maxim Gorky? Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi! Nws tau tsim los tiv thaiv "rau-nti" cruisers zoo li "Mogami", thiab rau cov laj thawj no kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm nws kev tiv thaiv thiab lub zog tua hluav taws yog qhov zoo tshaj. Puas yog Brooklyn tsis muaj zog dua li Project 26-bis cruiser hauv duel? Yog li Asmeskas lub nkoj caij nkoj tau ntsib kev sib ntaus hmo ntuj luv luv nrog cov neeg caij nkoj Japanese thiab cov neeg rhuav tshem, uas "Gatling canister" haum zoo heev.
Tab sis txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tebchaws Soviet yog los tsim lub nkoj-tua cov neeg caij nkoj lub teeb nyob rau hauv kev txav chaw ntawm lub teeb cruiser thiab ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb cruiser. Thiab lawv tau tiv nrog lawv txoj haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus, tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo, muaj kev kub ceev thiab ntseeg tau cov nkoj. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb uas tau muab rau peb cov neeg caij nkoj nrog cov txuj ci sib ntaus uas lawv xav tau yog siv 180 mm cov phom loj.
Txog tam sim no, kab lus ntawm kab lus mob siab rau lub nkoj ntawm cov phiaj xwm 26 thiab 26 bis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho yuav tsum sib piv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Maxim Gorky nrog cov tub rog caij nkoj txawv teb chaws thiab teb cov lus nug uas kub hnyiab: yog tias cov phom 180-mm tig los ua qhov zoo, vim li cas lawv thiaj tso tseg tom ntej ntawm Soviet cruisers?
Thiab yog vim li cas …
