Sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm chav kawm "Izmail"

Sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm chav kawm "Izmail"
Sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm chav kawm "Izmail"

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Video: Sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm chav kawm
Video: Xov Tub Rog Yuskhees Vs LavXias Tub Rog Sib Tawm Txam Tim Ntsej Tim Muag 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Izmail-chav sib ntaus sib tua cruisers yog kab tias yog ib qho ntawm cov phiaj xwm tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov nkoj hnyav hauv tsev. Thiab txhua yam pib zoo li no …

Thawj cov tub rog caij nkoj tiv thaiv kev tsim kho tom qab ua tsov rog tau tsim, hauv qhov tseeb, ntawm cov tswv yim ua ntej ua tsov rog, kev paub txog kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Nyij Pooj tau tsawg tshaj plaws rau hauv lawv. Cov nkoj ntawm hom "Admiral Makarov" tau tsim los ntawm tus qauv thiab zoo ib yam ntawm "Bayan" vim tias lub nkoj no tau pom nws tus kheej zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tib lub sijhawm, yuav luag tsis muaj kev ua tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm tsis txaus (thiab lawv tau ua). Raws li rau "Rurik II", tom qab ntawd, ntawm chav kawm, hauv kev tsim nws txawv heev los ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj ua ntej ua tsov rog, tab sis kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb rau kev tsim qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv nkoj tau tuav rov qab thaum Lub Xya Hli 1904, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd V. K. Vitgeft coj nws pab tub rog hla mus rau Vladivostok. Thiab daim ntawv cog lus rau nws kev tsim kho tau kos npe tsuas yog ob lub lis piam tom qab Tsushima kev puas tsuaj. Yog li, thaum tsim Rurik II, kev ua tub rog tau siv rau qhov tsawg kawg: nws, tau kawg, twb tau txais lawm, tab sis tseem tsis tau muab dav dav thiab tshuaj xyuas.

Duab
Duab

Xyoo 1906, Naval General Staff (MGSH) tau ua ib daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm txog dab tsi yog cov tub rog caij nkoj ntawm yav tom ntej yuav tsum yog. Raws li feem ntau tau tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, qhov kev xav ntau tshaj plaws tau hais tawm: los ntawm huab mus rau yaj saub. Yog li, piv txwv li, tus thawj coj ntawm qib 2 K. I. Defabre suav tias yog lub nkoj tiv thaiv nkoj ua lub nkoj "tsis muaj txiaj ntsig kiag li. Rau pawg tub rog nws tsis muaj zog, rau kev tshawb nrhiav nws hnyav thiab kim. " Tab sis Vice Admiral K. K. De-Livron twb tau taw qhia tias "yam uas yog lub nkoj tiv thaiv tub rog tej zaum yuav caum nrog cov nkoj sib ntaus, thiab ob leeg yuav tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kab ua ke."

Yeej, qhov kev xav thoob plaws yog tias lub nkoj tiv thaiv tub rog tau tsim nyog rau Lavxias Imperial Navy. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, feem ntau cov lus pom zoo tias rab phom loj ntawm lub nkoj yuav tsum nyob ze kom sai li sai tau rau cov pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua: piv txwv li, 4-6 254-mm phom lossis 2-4 305-mm phom tau hu ua lub zog loj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev cia siab yuav tsum tau ceev los ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj - tsis pub tsawg dua 23-24 pob. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, nco txog "Pacific lub tswv yim" ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ua rog tawm tsam Askiv, kuj tau sau tseg tias xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntev.

Yog li, peb tuaj yeem hais tias nyob rau xyoo no cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj tau zoo ib yam, thiab zoo ib yam li kev xav ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj Askiv. Raws li hauv tebchaws Askiv, hauv tebchaws Russia lawv xav tau lub nkoj muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv dej hiav txwv (tsuas yog hauv tebchaws Askiv - rau lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv, hauv Russia, feem, ua piv txwv). Ib yam li hauv tebchaws Askiv, hauv tebchaws Russia nws tau ntseeg tias lub nkoj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub nkoj loj dhau los tsis kam siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Li no lub zeem muag zoo sib xws ntawm kev siv lub nkoj no hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua - piv txwv li, Tus Thawj Tuav Haujlwm A. P. Kapnist sau hauv nws daim ntawv:

"Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov tub rog tiv thaiv nkoj tsim cov dav hlau ya uas siv zog txhawb lub zog tseem ceeb 'kev tawm tsam ntawm ib feem ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog. Lawv siv zog nkag mus rau nws lub ntsej muag, kom lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws lub taub hau, tom qab nws tus Tsov tus tw, hauv ib lo lus, cov kev sib cais no ua lub luag haujlwm uas tshwj tseg ua hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv av."

Hauv lwm lo lus, cov tub rog caij nkoj tau pom tias yog "tis nrawm" ntawm lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm pab tub rog, thiab rau qhov no lawv xav tau phom hnyav thiab nrawm. Twb tau tsuas yog ob qho ntawm cov kev cai no coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias kev txav chaw ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv tshiab yuav tsum tau mus txog rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab nws yog qhov tseeb tias nws tsis muaj peev xwm muab qib kev tiv thaiv zoo ib yam li tom kawg. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj leej twg xav kom muaj kev tshwj tseg, thiab thaum nug tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim yog tias lub nkoj ntawm "kev kub ceev" "tig lawv mloog," cov yeeb ncuab sib ntaus sib tua tau teb (dua, zoo ib yam li cov neeg Askiv) hais tias: " kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv cov tub rog caij nkoj yuav tuaj yeem lees txais lossis tsis lees txais kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab yog tias lees txais, tom qab ntawd rau cov haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig thiab nyob deb. " John Fischer tej zaum yuav tau xav tsis thoob kom paub tias nws qhov kev pom dav npaum li cas ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj yog nyob ntawm cov tub ceev xwm Lavxias.

Tau kawg, tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm "Dreadnought" txhua txoj haujlwm yuav tsum tau hla thiab pib los ntawm kos: thiab tam sim no, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 18, 1907, cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nkoj ntawm lub sijhawm dreadnought tau txiav txim siab. Saib lawv, peb yuav pom qhov sib xws loj heev nrog Askiv "Invincible", tab sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob pom qhov "monkeying" no, vim tias kev pom zoo ib yam ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub nkoj caij nkoj thiab yuav tsum muaj cov haujlwm zoo sib xws.

Hais lus nruj me ntsis, Cov tub rog caij nkoj tiv thaiv Lavxias tau xav tias yuav zoo dua li Askiv "Invincibles" thiab "Indefatigebles". Nws cov cuab yeej yuav tsum yog tib rab phom 8 305-mm, tab sis nws yog hais txog 52-caliber "obukhovka" hauv tsev, zoo dua hauv lawv cov kev sib ntaus zoo rau Askiv 45 thiab 50-caliber 12-nti phom. Kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kuv tus kheej, zoo li cov neeg Askiv, tau sawv cev los ntawm rab phom 16 * 102-mm. Kev ceev yuav tsum yog 25 pob, uas yog, ib nrab pob hauv qab qis dua li ntawm Askiv, tab sis kev tiv thaiv muaj zog me ntsis.

Muaj tseeb, txoj siv sia tiv thaiv tseem ceeb tau tuab tsuas yog 152 hli, zoo li cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis dhau ntawm nws, txoj siv sia thib ob thiab thib peb nrog cov tuab ntawm 76, 2 hli kuj tseem xav tau (Askiv tsis muaj). Ib qho ntxiv, txawm hais tias cov peev txheej tsis hais qhov no ncaj qha, tab sis hauv kev tsim nkoj hauv tsev tom qab Tsov Rog-Japanese tsov rog, qhov kev xav tau kov yeej tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kab dej: feem ntau yuav yog qhov kawg ntawm Lavxias lub nkoj tiv thaiv lub nkoj yuav tsum yog tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, thaum Invincibles muaj lub zog nyob tom qab lub nroog tiv thaiv tsuas yog los ntawm carapace armored lawj. Kev sau kab rov tav ntawm Lavxias lub nkoj tau yuav luag zoo ib yam: lub hauv paus tiv thaiv kab hlau loj yog tib yam 50.8 hli bevels, hauv kab rov tav nws tsuas yog 31.7 mm (Askiv muaj 38 mm), tab sis lub lawj siab mus txog 44.1 mm (Askiv muaj 25, 4 mm). Yog li, tag nrho kev tiv thaiv kab rov tav yuav tsum yog 75.8 hli rau Lavxias tus neeg caij nkoj, thiab 64 hli rau Askiv. Lub hauv paus tiv thaiv lub nkoj loj ntawm Lavxias lub nkoj tau thim, tab sis cov yeeb ncuab lub plhaub uas tsoo sab hauv qab lub lawj sab saud yuav tsum txhawm rau txhawm rau 76.2 hli txoj siv ua ntej, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntawm lub nkoj Askiv. Kev tiv thaiv cov phom loj ntawm Lavxias cov tub rog caij nkoj tau xav tias yuav muaj zog dua - 254 mm turrets thiab barbets tiv thaiv 178 mm ntawm British cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, txuas ntauwd 305 mm tawm tsam 254 mm.

Yog li, peb pom tias lub nkoj Lavxias yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv me ntsis zoo dua li ib tus neeg Askiv, tab sis feem ntau nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog qhov tseeb 280-305 mm zoo li (tshwj tsis yog lub tsev pheeb suab thiab yees / barbets ntawm lub hauv paus loj). Raws li rau qhov nrawm, nws tau txiav txim siab los ntawm 25 pob - ib nrab pob qhov tsawg dua li ntawm Askiv.

Txawm li cas los xij, txhua qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo tseem nyob hauv daim ntawv: tsis muaj peev nyiaj hauv tebchaws Russia tiv thaiv txawm tias tso dreadnoughts, lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm lub nkoj, dab tsi yog qhov npau suav ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers (lawv pib hu ua linear cruisers hauv Lavxias lub dav hlau tsuas yog xyoo 1915, tab sis txij li qhov tseem ceeb, txij li xyoo 1907, peb tau tsim thiab tsim kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua tshwj xeeb, yog li yav tom ntej peb yuav hu lawv li ntawd). Ntau xyoo dhau los, thiab, tau kawg, cov yam ntxwv ua tau hais los saum toj no tsis zoo txaus, yog li xyoo 1909 lawv tau hloov kho qhov tseem ceeb.

Txog lub sijhawm no, txoj haujlwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser twb tau txiav txim siab ua haujlwm nrog pab tub rog, thiab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tau pom tias yog "kev tshawb nrhiav tob" thiab "kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lub taub hau." Tsis txaus txaus, tab sis nyob hauv Russia, tsuas yog ob peb xyoos, kev xav ntawm tub rog tau txav los ntawm Askiv lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers mus rau German ib, raws li cov nkoj ntawm chav kawm no feem ntau yog "kev nrawm nrawm" rau cov tub rog.. Txawm hais tias nws yuav yog qhov tseeb los tham txog qee yam ntawm kev xaiv nruab nrab, vim tias kev nqis tes ua ntawm kev sib txuas lus txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv phau ntawv ntawm teeb meem rau Lavxias sib ntaus sib tua: lawv tsuas yog tsis tau txiav txim siab tseem ceeb thiab, yog tias muaj dab tsi, lawv tuaj yeem muaj tau txi. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tau txiav txim siab "pawg tub rog" lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, kev tshawb fawb tub rog hauv tsev tsis tas li nrog qhov ua tiav qhov tseeb: txij li cov nkoj ntawm chav kawm no yuav tsum tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab sib ntaus sib tua, tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsum raug tiv thaiv ntawm qib kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis zoo li lub dav hlau German, xyoo 1909 nws tau txiav txim siab ua kom fij tus lej phom, tab sis tsis yog lawv lub peev xwm, uas yog, sib ntaus sib tua cruisers yuav tsum tau txais cov phom zoo ib yam li kev sib ntaus sib tua, tsuas yog tus lej me me. Yog li, cov neeg qhuas hauv tsev tau los ze rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nrawm, thiab yog li yuav luag tag ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov ntiaj chaw, yog …

Yog tias tsis yog ib qho yuam kev tsis txaus ntseeg uas dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab kev tiv thaiv ntawm peb cov nkoj loj phom loj.

Txawm hais tias qhov ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem 305-mm / 52 rab phom loj tau nrawm, thiab txawm tias qhov tseeb tias nws lub hwj chim tau zoo tshaj qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov qub 305-mm / 40 phom ntawm Lavxias-Japanese tsov rog, nws zoo li qhov muaj peev xwm tiag tiag ntawm lub cim tshiab ntawm 12-nti rab phom tshuab tsis tau pom dua hauv MGSH lossis hauv MTK. Nws tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia lwm txoj hauv kev uas, thaum tsim kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser, nws tau txiav txim siab tias yuav tsum tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm 305-mm zoo li nyob deb ntawm 40-60 kab, thiab … tib lub sijhawm, armor siv tsuas yog 190-mm tuab tau txiav txim siab txaus rau qhov no, nyob rau ntawm qhov muaj 50 mm armored muab faib ua raws nws! Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej saum toj no yog qhov tsawg, thiab feem ntau, qhov xav tau tau teeb tsa los tiv thaiv cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua ntawm qib dreadnoughts - tsuas yog tuab ntawm Sevastopol lub tsho tiv thaiv lub ntsiab tseem ceeb tsuas yog 225 hli.

Feem ntau, kev rov ua haujlwm tom ntej zoo li qhov no - thaum xub thawj MGSH txiav txim siab nce qhov nrawm mus rau 28 pob, tso cai kom nce kev txav chaw mus rau 25,000 tons (ntau dua li kev sib ntaus sib tua!), Thaum tshem tawm ib rab phom ntawm peb rab phom ntawm 305 -mm rab phom (uas yog, lub nkoj ua tub rog yuav tsum yog 9 305-mm rab phom hauv peb rab phom loj), thaum kuv rab phom loj thiab tiv thaiv tej cuab yeej tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau theej tawm ntawm qhov txaus ntshai ntawm "Sevastopol" yam. Qhov ntawd yog, qhov tseeb, Lavxias nkag siab txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ceev tau thov (alas, nrog nws tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv), tab sis MTK tseem txiav txim siab xws li kev hloov pauv ntau dhau thiab txo qhov xav tau ceev mus rau 25 pob, thiab kev txav mus rau 23,000 Ib zaug ntxiv, lub tswv yim, nws yog qhov tsim nyog tau txais kev daws teeb meem - txhawm rau tsim kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser ntawm qhov loj me thiab tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo li kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab nrog rab phom ntawm tib lub peev xwm, tab sis los ntawm kev txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom kom nce ceev. Lub tswv yim zoo li no, tej zaum, txawm tias dhau qhov dhau los ntawm qhov uas Derflinger tau tsim (tom qab tag nrho, nws tau txo qis tsis tsuas yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom loj tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hauv kev sib piv nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua niaj hnub), tab sis tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv tsev, tau txais los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers puas txhua yam.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, peb tau los txog rau lub nkoj uas, nrog rau qhov tseeb theoretical concept … tig los ze rau cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua ntawm chav "Lion". Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv qhov kev hwm no yog txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij I. A. Gavrilov.

Duab
Duab

Lub nkoj hloov chaw yuav tsum yog 26,100 tons, lub zog cog nrog lub zog ntsuas ntawm 72,500 hp. yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm nrawm - 28 pob, tom qab hlawv - 30 pob. Lub peev xwm tseem ceeb tau sawv cev los ntawm kaum 305 mm / 52 rab phom, muab tso rau hauv txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ncaj nraim hauv peb thiab ob rab phom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Gavrilov xav siv phom 356-mm, tab sis tsis muaj lawv cov ntaub ntawv hnyav, txawm li cas los xij, raws li nws lub tswv yim, nws muaj peev xwm hloov 10 * 305-mm nrog 8 * 356-mm yam tsis tau nce kev txav chaw. Lub tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm lub log tsheb, cov yees thiab cov barbets, feem ntau yuav yog 254, 254 thiab 203 mm, feem. Tab sis lub nkoj txoj siv txoj siv sia tsuas yog 203 mm tuab, thiab kev caij nkoj hla ntawm kev lag luam nrawm ntawm 13 pob yog 4,100 mais. Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis ntau dhau ntawm dej hiav txwv ntawm lub nkoj no, tab sis tsis muaj ib yam yuav tsum tau ua txog nws - txhua qhov kev sim ua kom nws nce mus rau qhov nce ntxiv hauv kev hloov chaw.

Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, tshwj xeeb rau xyoo 1910, qhov no yog txoj haujlwm zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum hloov kaum ob-nti phom nrog 356-mm. Cov txiaj ntsig yuav yog hom Lavxias "Congo", txawm tias lub tebchaws Askiv lawv tus kheej suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj rau "Lyons", thiab "Lyons", nyeg, tseem muaj qhov zoo dua ntawm German "280-mm "sib ntaus sib tua cruisers, suav nrog txawm tias" Seidlitz "". Tab sis, tau kawg, kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tsis muaj zog tseem yog qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub nkoj no.

Cov phiaj xwm rau lub zog cog ntawm cov nkoj yav tom ntej yog kev txaus siab. Hauv qhov no, MTK thaum Lub Ib Hlis 10, 1911 pom zoo cov tsim qauv los ua nws hauv peb qhov qauv:

1. With chav turbines;

2. Kev sib xyaw ua ke, nrog lub tshuab ua pa thiab lub cav diesel;

3. Thiab thaum kawg, cov roj diesel.

Qhov kev coj txawv txawv "zoo li qub" tau tshwm sim, ntawm lwm yam, vim muaj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm MTK, "tias Kolomna cog tau ua tiav kev tsim cov tshuab [lub cav] nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1000 hp. per lub tog raj kheej ". Kev lom zem dub ntawm qhov xwm txheej nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias niaj hnub no, yuav luag 108 xyoo tom qab cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia, Kolomna Plant tsis tau ua tiav kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob txhim khu kev qha rau lub nkoj ua rog (uas, qhov tseeb, yog vim li cas thiaj xaj cov cav diesel rau nkoj tab tom tsim kho raws li GPV 2011-2020 hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, MTU). Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias qhov kev cia siab rau "dieselization" ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers tsis cuam tshuam nrog Kolomna nkaus xwb - raws li lwm qhov chaw, "Blom und Foss" muaj peev xwm muab cov cav nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 2,500 hp. ib lub tog raj kheej Ntawm no, Kuv yuav tsum hais, qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm Russia ua ke nrog lawv cov neeg German - tib yam A. Tirpitz ntseeg tias kev ua kom cov tub rog German sib ntaus sib tua nrog lub cav diesel yog qhov teeb meem ntawm yav tom ntej.

Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias, txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb tau tshaj tawm, txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav tau yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser qee zaum tau paub dav. Cov phiaj xwm hauv qab no tau npaj lawv cov phiaj xwm: German "Blom und Foss" thiab Askiv "Vickers". Cov neeg German muab lub nkoj ntawm 26,420 tons nrog 8 * 305-mm thiab nrawm ntawm 30 pob nrog lub zog ntawm 95,000 hp. siv 203 mm …

Txawm li cas los xij, kev txiav txim siab los tsim cov tub rog caij nkoj tseem tsis tau ua tiav: suav nrog qhov tseeb tias "Kev Txhawb Kev Nkoj Nkoj Nkoj ntawm Baltic Fleet rau xyoo 1911-1915." nws yog qhov tsim nyog los koom tes tsis yog nrog Tus Sovereign xwb, tab sis kuj nrog Xeev Duma (tom kawg tau pom tseeb tias tsis nrawm), 1911 yuav tsum tsis muaj dab tsi - lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los tso lub nkoj xyoo no. Raws li, muaj sijhawm los txhim kho txoj haujlwm.

Lub Rau Hli 18, 1911 I. K. Grigorovich tau pom zoo qhov kev hloov kho "Lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov tub rog caij nkoj rau Hiav Txwv Baltic", raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub nkoj tau txais kev qhia meej: piv txwv li, lub peev xwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub nkoj tau txiav txim siab hauv 9 * 356-mm phom hauv peb cov yees nyob hauv nruab nrab lub dav hlau ntawm lub nkoj. Kev tiv thaiv kuv lub peev xwm tau nce mus rau 24 130-mm phom, uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog 250-254 hli txoj siv sia tiv thaiv kab mob nrog qhov siab ntawm tsawg kawg 5 m, ntawm qhov qis (sab nraum lub nroog mus rau lub qia thiab sternpost) thinning rau 125-127 mm, thaum qab nws muaj 50 mm armor bulkhead thiab bevels ntawm tib tuab. Lub nroog yuav tsum raug kaw nrog 250 hli hla kev. Saum toj no txoj siv sia tiv thaiv lub ntsiab, uas yuav tsum tiv thaiv lub cav, chav rhaub dej kub, nrog rau chav sib sib zog nqus ntawm txhua peb lub tsev loj-muaj peev xwm, yuav tsum muaj txoj siv hlua khi sab saud, 125 hli tuab, nce mus rau saum lawj, hauv hneev nws tuaj yeem mus rau lub qia, tab sis lub hauv paus los ntawm lub nroog lawv tau tso cai tsis txhob sau ntawv. Kev tshwj tseg ntawm lub tsev - 305 mm, yees - 305 mm, thiab lub hauv pliaj ntawm tus yees yuav tsum yog txawm tias 356 mm, thiab lub ru tsev - 127 mm, lub tuab ntawm cov barbets tau teeb tsa rau 275 mm. Qhov tom kawg tau txiav txim siab "sib sau ua ke", uas yog, saum lub lawj sab saud, qhov uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv, qhov tuab yog 275 hli, hauv qab, tshaj li 125 hli ntawm txoj siv txoj siv sia sab saud - 152 hli, thiab lwm yam. Kev tshwj tseg ntawm lub lawj yog qhov txawv me ntsis - ib qho kab rov tav ntawm lub lawj qis (los ntawm qhov chaw nqes mus rau txoj siv hlua khi) tsis muaj armored txhua thiab tsuas yog 12.5 hli steel pem teb, nruab nrab lawj yuav tsum yog 25 hli, sab saud lawj yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 37.5 hli.

Qhov xav tau ceev tau qis me ntsis - nws tau txiav txim siab kom txaus siab rau 26.5 pob, tab sis ib qho yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias qhov no yog qhov nrawm ntawm lub zog ntsuas ntawm cov tshuab, uas yog, yam tsis tau yuam lawv.

Thiab tom qab ntawd tau muaj kev sib tw ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb tau teeb tsa: qhov tshwj xeeb "Kev teeb tsa rau kev tsim cov tub rog caij nkoj rau Baltic Hiav Txwv" "thaum Lub Yim Hli 11, 1911 tau xa mus rau rau Lavxias thiab kaum yim lub tuam txhab tsim khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws. Cov lus teb tau zoo heev: ntau lub tuam txhab pom kev txaus siab rau qhov kev txiav txim "qab". Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntau qhov haujlwm tau xa mus rau qhov kev sib tw uas lawv cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws yuav xav tau los ntawm peb tag nrho cov kab lus ntawm kab lus, yog li peb yuav txwv peb tus kheej rau cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau.

Nyob rau tag nrho, cov tuam txhab tsim nkoj tau sim ua siab ncaj raws li qhov xav tau, txawm hais tias tseem muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv los ntawm "Ua Haujlwm" hauv qee qhov haujlwm. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog txoj haujlwm ntawm Askiv tuam txhab "William Birdmore K" - hauv tsab ntawv nrog lawv hais tias lub nkoj, xav tau los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Naval Ministry ntawm cov yam ntxwv, yuav muaj kev txav chaw ib txwm ntawm 36,500 tons, uas yog txhob txwm ua tsis ncaj ncees, txij li tsis muaj lub zog tab tom tsim lossis txawm tias yuav tso cov nkoj ntawm kev txav chaw zoo sib xws. Lub tuam txhab tseem tau taw qhia tias Askiv sib ntaus sib tua cruiser nrog 8 343 mm phom muaj tsuas yog 27,500 tons ntawm kev tshem tawm, thiab nws tsis muaj qhov nkag siab los tsim lub nkoj ib rab phom loj dua thiab 9,000 tons hnyav dua, yog li nws txwv nws tus kheej kom xa cov qauv tsim. Thiab, tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem nthuav tawm qhov hnyav ntawm 9 * 305 -mm cruiser nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm 29,500 tons. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws (ntawm qhov tseeb) xaiv yog qhov haujlwm ntawm German "Blom und Foss" - tsuas yog 27,311 tons, tab sis nws tau tso tseg, vim qhov no tsuas tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev siv lub tshuab rhaub dej siv hauv German tub rog. Los ntawm txoj kev, "Blom und Foss" tau dhau los ua tus thawj coj hauv kev xaiv tsa ntawm lub tuam txhab "muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws"-nws cov kws tshaj lij tau npaj ntau li 11 qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser ua tub rog nrog 9-10 356-mm phom thiab tshem tawm mus txog rau 34,098 ua.

Tau kawg, muaj ntau txoj haujlwm pib. Yog li, piv txwv li, Baltic Shipyard tau thov lub nkoj roj av kom huv, qhov no, raws li cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov nroj tsuag, kev hloov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser tsuas yog 24,140 tons (Kuv yuav tsum tau hais, tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev xav zoo).

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Tab sis feem ntau "muaj hwj chim" ntawm cov phiaj xwm nthuav tawm yog kev tsim cov kws kho tshuab tshuab A. F. Bushuev, uas tswj hwm kom muaj rab phom ntau li 15 * 356 -mm mus rau hauv lub nkoj nrog kev txav chaw ntawm 30,000 tons - dua, vim yog siv lub cav diesel.

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Thaum xaiv cov phiaj xwm, ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj nyob hauv cov xwm txheej no (kev piav qhia, qhov raug ntawm kev suav, qhov tseeb, thiab lwm yam), MTC kuj tau coj mus rau hauv tus account seaworthiness, uas tau ntsuas los ntawm qhov muaj thiab qhov siab ntawm kev kwv yees, nrog rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov phom loj hauv plawv dav hlau. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias cov phiaj xwm txaus tau raug xa mus rau kev sib tw nrog kev txhim kho txoj kab ncaj ncaj ntawm cov phom loj (txawm hais tias tsis muaj leej twg nthuav tawm cov qauv qub - ob txoj kab ncaj nce siab hauv hneev thiab ib qho nyob hauv qab). Tab sis lawv tau raug tshem tawm ib sab tam sim vim qhov tseeb tias, raws li kev xav hauv tsev, qhov kev tso kawm no txo qis kev muaj sia nyob ntawm lub nkoj. Tab sis tib tus neeg German tau muaj txoj haujlwm zoo heev ntawm kaum lub phom nkoj nrog kev teeb tsa ncaj qha ntawm plaub tus yees (peb rab phom ntawm qhov kawg, ob rab phom-tsa saum lawv).

Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib tw, txoj haujlwm No. 6 ntawm Admiralty Shipyard nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm 29,350 tons tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws (txawm li cas los xij, raws li nws tau ua tiav, nws qhov kev tshem tawm sai mus txog 30,000 tons). Lub nkoj no ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm "Kev Ua Haujlwm" yuav luag tag nrho, ob qho tib si ntawm kev siv riam phom, thiab hais txog kev tiv thaiv thiab nrawm.

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Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, qhov hloov pauv # 6 rau xyoo 1911 yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua tiav rau kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev tiv thaiv, lub nkoj no tau nyob hauv nruab nrab lub xeev nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg Askiv thiab German sib ntaus sib tua, thaum cov cuab yeej ua rog xav tias nws tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv German 305 -mm phom - kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj qhov kawg, tab sis nco ntsoov tias ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag nyob deb ntawm German lub plhaub ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm "txhua lub sijhawm" daws txawm tias muaj 229 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua. Lawv tau tawm tsam tam sim ntawd los ntawm 250 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nrog 50 mm lub taub hau tom qab nws. Ib qho ntxiv, rau cov nkoj hauv tebchaws Askiv, tsuas yog chav rhaub dej kub thiab chav cav (thiab tus pej thuam thib peb) tau tiv thaiv los ntawm 229 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, thiab ib sab tsis zoo li lwm lub yees tsuas yog 127-152 hli. Qhov siab ntawm txoj siv sia tiv thaiv riam phom Lavxias tseem tshaj tus neeg Askiv. Kev tiv thaiv phom loj (305-356 mm turret nrog 275 mm barbet) tshaj qhov ntawd txawm tias Derflinger. (270 thiab 260 hli, feem). Kev tiv thaiv kab rov tav ntawm Lavxias txoj haujlwm tsis muaj zog, zoo, nws tsis tawm tsam kev xav rau txhua tus neeg Askiv thiab German sib ntaus sib tua cruisers, ntawm no peb tuaj yeem tham txog kwv yees kwv yees sib npaug.

Yog li, txawm hais tias qhov phiaj xwm # 6 tsis yog qhov ua tsis tau rau 305-mm projectiles, nws tseem yuav nyuaj heev rau "khaws" nws qhib nrog lawv. Cov cuab yeej zoo-tho 343-mm projectiles tuaj yeem yooj yim tiv nrog 250 mm sab armor, tab sis lawv tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Askiv tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, thiab tiv thaiv ib nrab-armor-tho 343-mm projectiles xws li cov siv hauv Jutland, Kev tiv thaiv Lavxias tau zoo heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm Lavxias sib ntaus sib tua cruiser-cuaj rab phom 356-mm tau tshaj qhov uas tsis yog tsuas yog German, tab sis kuj yog Askiv "kwv tij", thiab kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej zoo-phom phom hauv cov tub rog Lavxias tom qab Tsushima tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Txawm tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv txhua qhov kev hwm Derflinger qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo tuaj yeem nkag los ntawm lawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias tsis yog qeeb qeeb, hais txog kev nrawm nws yuav tau sib haum nrog, yog tias tsis yog Askiv, tom qab ntawd German sib ntaus sib tua cruisers.

Yog li, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Nkoj Nkoj tiag tiag los ze rau tsim kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser uas tsis muaj kev sib piv hauv ntiaj teb - hais txog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus, nws yuav ua rau Askiv Congo, Derflinger, thiab Tsov, tab sis … tsim ntawm thawj lub nkoj ntawm chav kawm no hauv tebchaws Russia nyuam qhuav pib …

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