Marat-class battleships. Hloov roj teeb tseem ceeb

Cov txheej txheem:

Marat-class battleships. Hloov roj teeb tseem ceeb
Marat-class battleships. Hloov roj teeb tseem ceeb

Video: Marat-class battleships. Hloov roj teeb tseem ceeb

Video: Marat-class battleships. Hloov roj teeb tseem ceeb
Video: Cas yim laus es pheej yim nco.9/4/2018 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Soviet sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev tsov kev rog. Nws paub zoo tias ntawm peb seem Soviet kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv qib, Marat tau txais qhov kev hloov kho yam tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab Parizhskaya Kommuna - qhov loj tshaj plaws. Cia peb txiav txim siab qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus ntawm lub peev xwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov nkoj ntawm hom no.

Lub ntsiab caliber. Dab tsi tshwm sim

Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj 12 * 305-mm phom ntawm 1907 tus qauv, muaj lub thoob ntev ntawm 52 lub peev xwm thiab muab tso rau hauv plaub lub phom phom. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa no yog 25 degrees, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua yog 470.9 kg. projectile, tua nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 762 m / s, yog 132 kab. Daim ntawv hla tebchaws tus nqi hluav taws yog 1.8 rds / min, thaum thauj khoom tau nqa tawm hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov ces kaum nce ntawm -5 txog +15 degrees.

Cov phiajcim pem hauv ntej thiab sab ntawm cov yees tau tuab 203 hli, sab nraub qaum (rau qhov hnyav) yog 305 hli, thiab lub ru tsev yog 76 hli. Barbets mus rau lub lawj sab saud, thiab me ntsis hauv qab nws, tau tiv thaiv los ntawm 150 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, tom qab ntawd tsuas yog 75 hli, txawm hais tias tus thib 1 thiab 4 tus yees tau ntxiv dag zog rau hauv hneev thiab ntab mus txog 125 thiab 200 hli, feem.

Rau 305 mm / 52 phom mod. Xyoo 1907, cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm kev tawm tsam tebchaws Russia tau tsim 3 hom phom mos txwv ua tub rog: riam phom-phom, ib rab phom ib nrab-tho thiab siab heev. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau raug hu ua mos txwv ntawm 1911 tus qauv, muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 470, 9 kg, qhov pib nrawm ntawm 762 m / s, thiab kev tua ntau ntawm qhov siab ntawm rab phom ntawm 25 degrees. 132 cev. Lawv sib txawv hauv qhov ntev - 1,191, 1,530 thiab 1,491 mm, cov ntsiab lus tawg - 12, 96, 61, 5 thiab 58, 8 kg, feem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub foob pob ua phom tiv thaiv tau muaj KTMB fuse, thiab ib nrab phom-tho thiab ib qho tawg loj-MRD mod. Xyoo 1913 kuj tseem muaj cov mos txwv uas hnyav txog 470, 9 kg, uas yog cov hlau tsis huv, uas yog, nws tsis muaj cov khoom tawg lossis fuse.

Raws li kev tswj hwm hluav taws, nws tsis meej pem txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm chav kawm Sevastopol. Lub nkoj muaj 2 lub tshuab tshawb nrhiav nrog lub hauv paus ntawm 6 m, nyob ntawm hneev thiab lub hauv paus ruaj khov, thiab muab kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub hauv paus chaw, uas, ntawm lwm cov haujlwm, tseem muaj cov khoom siv tua hluav taws. Battleship towers tsis tau nruab nrog cov kab tshawb nrhiav.

Tab sis cov cuab yeej tswj hluav taws lawv tus kheej (PUS) tau zoo tshaj "hodgepodge", thiab lub ntsiab lus yog qhov no. Thaum pib, Sevastopol-chav sib ntaus sib tua yuav tsum tau nruab nrog CCDs tshiab kawg, uas tau tsim los ntawm Erickson lub tuam txhab. Qhov no, los ntawm txoj kev, tsis txhais tau tias qhov kev txiav txim "ntab" nyob txawv teb chaws, vim tias kev txhim kho tau ua los ntawm Lavxias ceg ntawm lub tuam txhab no thiab cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias uas ua haujlwm hauv nws. Alas, lawv tsis tau ua tiav lub sijhawm, thiab los ntawm lub sijhawm Sevastopol ua tiav, Erickson txoj kev tswj hluav taws tseem tsis tau npaj txhij.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, zoo qub Geisler thiab K system mod. 1910 Hmoov tsis zoo, rau txhua qhov nws muaj txiaj ntsig, nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab Geisler thiab K ua tiav MSA, rau ntau qhov laj thawj loj:

1. PUS "Geisler thiab K" tsis tau tsim kho tus kheej rau kab rov tav kev taw qhia, uas yog, cov hlau lead rau tua, thiab qhov pom tsis suav nrog hauv nws txhua qhov.

2. CCDs ywj siab xam lub kaum kev taw qhia ntsug, tab sis xav tau tus nqi ntawm kev hloov pauv nyob deb (VIR) thiab tus nqi ntawm kev hloov pauv cov kabmob (VIR) raws li cov ntaub ntawv xav tau rau kev suav. Ntawd yog, cov tub ceev xwm tswj hwm lub foob pob hluav taws yuav tsum txiav txim siab tus kheej ntawm cov hom phiaj thiab lawv tus kheej lub nkoj (chav kawm, nrawm, nrug, nqa) thiab suav VIR thiab VIP tus kheej.

Txawm li cas los xij, vim tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau ntawm Erickson's FCS, Navy tau yuav cov cuab yeej siv paj rwb hauv tebchaws Askiv, uas yog lub tshuab tsis siv neeg los laij VIR thiab VIP, uas yog, qhov tseeb, lawv tshem tawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm Geisler. Pollen lub cuab yeej tau ua tiav ua ke nrog Geisler thiab K, thiab tom qab ntawd ua tiav LMS tau ntxiv nrog cais cov cuab yeej Erickson. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, los ntawm xyoo 1917, tag nrho plaub lub nkoj Baltic tau ua tiav niaj hnub, los ntawm cov qauv ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tswj kev tua hluav taws. Hais txog nws lub luag haujlwm, nws, feem ntau yuav, yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo rau Askiv MSA thiab kwv yees li ntawm tus lej nrog cov neeg German, tab sis cov nkoj German tau ntau dua Sevastopoli hauv tus lej ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav.

Modernization ntawm kev txhim kho ntauwd

Oddly txaus, thaj tsam ntawm kev hloov kho phom thiab turrets ntawm Soviet sib ntaus sib tua tsis paub meej, vim tias cov peev txheej muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb. Nws ntseeg tau zoo tias cov phom 305-mm / 52 ntawm txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txais cov kab sib txuas tsis siv cov phom, uas yooj yim heev rau txheej txheem hloov lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd ntau dua lossis tsawg dua yog qhov nthuav dav ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev txhim kho turret ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Paris Township".

Duab
Duab

Feem ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav nrog cov kev teeb tsa no: ntawm tag nrho peb qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua, tsuas yog tus yees ntawm Paris Township tau txais qhov nce siab ntxiv mus txog 40 degrees, vim qhov ntawd qhov sib tua ntawm tus qauv 470, 9 kg projectile nce los ntawm 29 cables, uas yog, los ntawm 132 txog 161 cables … Tus nqi hluav taws kuj nce ntxiv: rau qhov no, cov yees tau "pauv" mus rau lub kaum sab xis ruaj khov (+6 degrees), uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog ntxiv ntawm cov lus qhia ntsug, thauj khoom thiab pub zaub mov. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov hluav taws kub tau nce los ntawm "daim ntawv hla tebchaws" 1, 8 txog 2, 2 rds / min. Tus nqi rau qhov no yog qhov nce ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qhov tig ntawm lub turret los ntawm 4 tons thiab tso tseg ntawm cov txheej txheem thaub qab rau thauj cov phom.

Tab sis nrog tus yees ntawm "Marat" thiab "October Revolution", alas, tsis muaj qhov tseeb. A. M. Vasiliev, hauv nws txoj haujlwm mob siab rau kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, taw qhia:

"Xyoo 1928-1931, nws muaj peev xwm hloov kho 305-mm MK-3-12 turret tsuas yog hais txog tus nqi hluav taws: ntawm rab phom nce ntawm -3 degrees. mus txog +15 degrees. nws mus txog 3 txhaj tshuaj / min, thiab ntawm cov ces kaum loj (txog rau qhov txwv 25 °) nws yog 2 txhaj tshuaj / min (tsis txhob siv yav dhau los 1, 8 ntawm txhua lub ces kaum)."

Mas S. I. Titushkin thiab L. I. Amirkhanov hauv nws txoj haujlwm "Lub peev xwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua" tsis qhia txog ib qho kev hloov pauv tshiab ntawm "Marat" thiab "Revolution October", tab sis ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv qhia ncaj qha tias lawv qhov hluav taws kub tau zoo ib yam. Tus sau ntawm kab lus no tsuas tuaj yeem xav tias S. I. Titushkin thiab L. I. Amirkhanov, vim tias lawv txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv phom loj ntau dua li kev ua haujlwm ntawm A. M. Vasilyeva. Tej zaum muaj qhov tsis meej pem ntawm no seb lawv xav ua dab tsi thiab lawv tau ua dab tsi tiag. Qhov tseeb yog tias S. I. Titushkin thiab L. I. Amirkhanov taw qhia tias qhov kev hloov kho tshiab no, nrog rau qhov hluav taws kub tau nce mus rau 3 rpm, tau npaj los ua rau tus yees ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Frunze", thaum tseem tseem npaj yuav rov tsim nws mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias 2 tus yees ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua no tom qab tau rov nruab dua raws li tus qauv ntawm pawg ntseeg Paris, tab sis qhov no tau tshwm sim tom qab kev ua tsov rog, thaum lawv tau teeb tsa ntawm cov pob zeb ua hluav taws xob No. 30 ze Sevastopol.

Duab
Duab

Yog li, qhov kev tua ntawm "Marat" thiab "Revolution Revolution Lub Kaum Hli" tseem zoo ib yam - 132 kab, thiab, feem ntau yuav yog, qhov hluav taws kub tseem zoo ib yam, uas yog, ntawm qib 1, 8 rds / min.

Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub turrets ntawm peb qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txais kev txhawb nqa nkaus xwb - qhov tuab ntawm lub ru tsev turret tau nce los ntawm 76 txog 152 hli, txwv tsis pub cov tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tseem zoo ib yam.

Raws li kev tswj hwm hluav taws, txhua yam tsis pom tseeb ntawm no ib yam. Cia peb pib nrog rangefinders: nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas tus lej ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus tswj hluav taws tau nce ntau, vim tias txhua tus yees ntawm tag nrho peb lub nkoj sib ntaus tau txais lawv tus kheej rangefinders. Tib lub sijhawm, S. I. Titushkin thiab L. I. Amirkhanov thov tias Italian rangefinders OG nrog lub hauv paus ntawm 8 m, tsim los ntawm Galileo, tau teeb tsa hauv Marat towers, thaum Lub Kaum Hli kiv puag ncig yees tseem tau txais 8-meter rangefinders, tab sis ntawm hom sib txawv: DM-8 los ntawm lub tuam txhab Zeiss. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov kws sau ntawv tsis tshaj tawm dab tsi txog cov kab ke nrhiav tau teeb tsa hauv tus yees duab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Paris Township", txawm hais tias lawv qhov pom tau pom meej hauv cov duab thiab kos duab ntawm lub nkoj.

Duab
Duab

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm A. V. Platonov hauv nws "Encyclopedia of Surface Ships" muab cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv kiag li: tias Zeiss rangefinders tau teeb tsa ntawm "Marat" thiab "October Revolution", thiab Italis - ntawm "Paris Township". Tab sis, tsawg kawg, tus kws sau ntawv pom zoo tias txhua qhov kev tshawb pom no muaj lub hauv paus ntawm 8 meters.

Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm chav kawm, cov kev tshawb pom no yog qhov tseem ceeb thib ob, vim tias, ua ntej, lawv nyob ntawm qhov qis qis dua saum hiav txwv thiab lawv lub qab ntuj tsis zoo heev. Thiab qhov thib ob, lawv tau siv los ua ib qho ntxiv, qhia meej cov cuab yeej rau cov cuab yeej ntawm cov lus txib rangefinder posts (KDP) teeb tsa ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Kiag txhua qhov chaw pom zoo tias ntawm "Lub Kaum Hli Kev Tawm Tsam" thiab "Paris Kev Sib Tham" ob lub KDP-6 B-22s tau teeb tsa los ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, tab sis tsis muaj qhov meej txog qhov tseeb tau muab tso rau "Marat". Oddly txaus, tab sis S. I. Titushkin thiab L. I. Amirkhanov thov tias qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no tseem tau txais 2 KDPs ntawm kev hloov kho tib yam, tab sis qhov no yog qhov tsis raug pom tseeb, vim tias hauv txhua daim duab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua peb pom tsuas yog ib qho KDP.

Duab
Duab

Tib lub sijhawm, tus lej sau, suav nrog A. V. Platonov, tshaj tawm tias "Marat", txawm hais tias nws tau txais KDP-6, tab sis kev hloov kho ua ntej ntawm B-8. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm B-8 thiab B-22 yog qhov tsis muaj lub hauv paus tsom pom thiab tsom iav tsom iav rau cov phom ntawm tus tshaj tawm. Raws li, qhov hnyav ntawm KDP-6 B-8 yog 2.5 tons, thiab kev suav yog 2 tus neeg tsawg dua li ntawm KDP-6 B-22.

Tab sis qhov sib txawv tshaj plaws "txaus luag" hauv cov peev txheej yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav hauv ib qho KDP-6, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi hloov kho. S. I. Titushkin thiab L. I. Amirkhanov qhia tias KDP tau nruab nrog ob lub tshuab tshawb nrhiav nrog lub hauv paus ntawm 6 meters ntawm DM-6 hom. Mas A. V. Platonov qhia tias muaj nyob ntawm ib qho nkaus xwb. Nws nyuaj hais tias leej twg yog tus raug, vim tus sau ntawm kab lus no tsis yog tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev tswj hluav taws, thiab kev kawm txog cov duab tsis siv dab tsi. Qee cov duab zoo li qhia tias muaj qhov tseeb ob qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab tsis yog ib qho.

Duab
Duab

Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, nws ua raws los ntawm cov duab kos uas qhov thib ob "rangefinder" tsis yog lub tshuab tshawb nrhiav txhua qhov, tab sis qee yam luv dua.

Duab
Duab

Tseem, tsuas yog ib qho KDP rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm "Marat" saib kom meej tsis txaus, yog li yuav luag txhua qhov peev txheej qhia tias lawv yuav tso lwm lub tshuab tshawb nrhiav qhib rau nws hauv 8-meter puag. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias A. V. Platonov, hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov ntawv sau, sib cav hais tias qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas no tau teeb tsa ntawm lub hauv paus superstructure, tab sis tus sau tsis pom qhov twg tuaj yeem nrhiav duab "Marat" uas yuav lees paub cov lus no. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias cov cuab yeej ntawm qhov ntev no pom tau zoo heev, thiab nws qhov tsis nyob hauv daim duab qhia meej tias kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob no tsuas yog lub hom phiaj thiab tsis tau muaj lub cev "hauv hlau". Txawm li cas los xij, hauv nws cov haujlwm tom qab A. V. Platonov tsis tau sau ntxiv txog qhov muaj nyob ntawm cov kab ntawv no ntawm Marat.

Raws li rau cov cuab yeej tswj hluav taws, txhua yam yooj yim dua ntawm no. Raws li qhov tseem ceeb muaj feem cuam tshuam, Marat tseem nyob nrog qhov nws tau teeb tsa thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, uas yog, "prefabricated hodgepodge" ntawm Geisler thiab K cov cuab yeej, Erickson thiab paj ntoos. Yog li, kev sib ntaus sib tua, tau kawg, thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Loj tau muaj lub hauv paus tsom mus rau lub hom phiaj phom loj, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem hu ua niaj hnub no. Yog lawm, raws li nws qhov zoo, Marata FCS tau poob qis dua cov cuab yeej uas tau teeb tsa ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua niaj hnub no ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tab sis nws yuav tsum tsis raug txiav txim siab ua tsis tiav. Raws li qhov piv txwv, peb tuaj yeem hais txog British lub nkoj caij nkoj ntawm "Linder" chav kawm, uas muaj MSA tsis txawm nyob rau theem ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, tab sis tsis zoo, vim tias nws yog txhob txwm ua kom yooj yim rau kev lag luam: txawm li cas los xij, cov no Cov tub rog Askiv tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev tawm tsam thiab ua tiav qhov kev lees paub qhov ua tau zoo rau lawv rab phom 152-mm.

Qhov xwm txheej nrog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Lub Kaum Hli Kev Tawm Tsam" thiab "Paris Kev Sib Tham" tau zoo me ntsis, vim tias lawv tau txais cov cuab yeej AKUR ntau dua. Cov cuab yeej no yog dab tsi?

Txij li xyoo 1925, qhov hu ua APCN cov cuab yeej siv ncaj qha tau tsim hauv USSR, uas tau npaj los teeb tsa ua lub hauv paus ntawm FCS ntawm txhua lub nkoj loj, ob qho uas tau tsim tshiab (thaum nws los txog rau qhov ntawd) thiab tab tom hloov kho tshiab. Cov cuab yeej no yuav tsum ua nws tus kheej, nyob rau hauv hom tsis siv neeg, suav qhov pom thiab pom tom qab, yog li ua tiav qhov kev tso cov neeg tua hluav taws loj los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov ntxhuav thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm thiab suav. Kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab vam meej qeeb, yog li kev coj ua ntawm lub nkoj hauv xyoo 1928 tau hais kom ua kom tau raws li British Vickers AKUR cov cuab yeej thiab ua haujlwm sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov phom tsis siv neeg thiab cov lus txib ntawm Asmeskas tuam txhab Sperry.

Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov cuab yeej hais los saum toj no tau los rau peb pov tseg, nws hloov tawm tias lawv tsis tau raws li qhov kev cia siab ntawm peb cov kws tshaj lij. Yog li, AKUR muaj qhov yuam kev loj heev hauv kev txiav txim siab lub kaum sab xis - 16 txhiab ntawm qhov deb, thiab Sperry kis tsis ua haujlwm hlo li. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov hauv qab no tau tshwm sim - cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Electropribor cog, uas tab tom txhim kho APCN, raug yuam kom "rov xyaum" los tshuaj xyuas AKUR thiab Sperry synchronous kis tau tus mob - ua haujlwm tom kawg mus tau zoo dua txij li zoo li Soviet cov khoom tau nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev txhim kho. Thaum kawg, cov tsim tawm, siv tus lej APCN cov kev daws teeb meem, muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov xav tau qhov tsis raug los ntawm ACUR, coj kev sib txuas sib txuas ntawm Sperry mus rau lub xeev ua haujlwm thiab sib txuas nrog nws, thiab ntawm qhov tso tawm tau ua haujlwm zoo OMS, uas tseem ceeb tshaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Geisler, Pollen thiab Erickson, uas tau nruab nrog dreadnoughts ntawm "Sevastopol" hom. Nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm AKURs uas "Paris Township" thiab "October Revolution" tau txais.

Duab
Duab

Tsis ntseeg, AKUR tau dhau los ua cov kauj ruam loj hauv kev sib piv nrog MSA ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, tab sis thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Zoo Tshaj Plaws lawv feem ntau tsis muaj hnub nyoog. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem tswj hluav taws hauv USSR txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv: rau cov thawj coj ntawm hom "Leningrad", cov cuab yeej tswj hluav taws los ntawm "Galileo" lub tuam txhab tau yuav, uas muaj ntau lub peev xwm uas tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau AKUR.. Yog li, piv txwv li, AKUR tau muab lub zog ntsuas loj los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov cim ntawm kev ntog, lossis qhov hu ua "diav rawg", thaum tus kws siv phom loj tau nrhiav lub ntaus pob, uas tau ya los ntawm davhlau thiab, tom qab ntawd, qis dua, thiab tom qab ntawd pib " ib nrab "qhov kev ncua deb. Tab sis qhov ntawd yog txhua yam, tab sis "Molniya" thiab "Molniya ATs" lub foob pob hluav taws, tsim los ntawm Italian MSA, tuaj yeem siv tag nrho peb txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tua phom loj uas paub nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Txoj hauv kev los saib xyuas cov cim ntawm kev poob qis tau piav qhia saum toj no, thiab ntxiv rau, CCDs tshiab tuaj yeem siv txoj hauv kev ntsuas qhov sib txawv, thaum KDP cov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas qhov nrug ntawm lub nkoj lub hom phiaj kom tawg los ntawm plhaub poob, thiab txoj kev ntsuas ntsuas, thaum lub rangefinder txiav txim siab qhov deb ntawm lub nkoj ua rau hluav taws mus rau nws tawg. lub plhaub, thiab sib piv nrog cov ntaub ntawv suav ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm lub nkoj lub hom phiaj.

"Molniya" thiab "Molniya ATs" tau teeb tsa ntawm lub nkoj loj ntawm txoj haujlwm 26 thiab 26-bis, feem ntau, thiab, feem ntau, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov kev tswj hluav taws ntawm lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj ntawm "Kirov" thiab Hom "Maxim Gorky" tau zoo heev hauv kev ua tau zoo rau AKUR, teeb tsa hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv tsev, tsis hais txog Geisler / Pollen / Erickson ntawm Marat.

Raws li rau cov mos txwv rau cov phom 305-mm, hauv kev ua tsov rog ua ntej USSR, ntau hom hom mos txwv tau tsim los rau cov phom 305-mm, tab sis tsuas yog siv los siv xwb.

Thawj qhov "projectile" kev taw qhia yog kev tsim kho cov cuab yeej hloov pauv thiab cov foob pob tawg loj ntawm cov ntawv txhim kho. Lawv yuav tsum muaj tib pawg loj ib yam li cov tuaj. Xyoo 1911, uas yog, 470, 9 kg, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lawv qhov kev tua yuav tsum tau nce li 15-17%, thiab kev nkag mus rau tej cuab yeej yuav zoo dua, thiab cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tau hloov pauv ntau tshaj ntawm 75 kab. Nws tsis meej meej nyob rau theem twg cov haujlwm no tau tso tseg: qhov tseeb yog lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav lawv cov txiaj ntsig nkaus xwb hauv rab phom uas nws tau npaj los ua caj npab hnyav cruisers ntawm "Kronstadt" yam. Qhov kawg yuav tsum tshaj tawm thawj zaug ceev ntawm 470, 9 kg rau qhov projectile ntawm 900 m / s, thaum 305 mm / 52 phom mod. Xyoo 1907, nrog rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hom "Sevastopol" tau siv riam phom - tsuas yog 762 m / sec. Raws li koj paub, 305-mm rab phom loj nrog cov yam ntxwv teev tseg ua ntej tsov rog tsis muaj peev xwm tsim tau, feem, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob poob siab vim tsis muaj mos txwv rau lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias kev tsim cov phiaj xwm tshiab raug tso tseg vim qee qhov, teeb meem lossis thev naus laus zis nyuaj.

Hom thib ob ntawm cov mos txwv, kev txhim kho uas saib zoo li tsis muaj kev cia siab, yog "ib nrab ntawm cov cuab yeej-tho qhov projectile mod. Xyoo 1915 daim duab 182 ". Qhov tseeb, qhov projectile no tsis tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1915, tab sis xyoo 1932, thiab sim nrog nws txog xyoo 1937. Nws yog "mos txwv hnyav" 305-mm mos txwv, nws hnyav 581.4 kg. Tau kawg, qhov projectile no tsuas yog tuaj yeem tua nrog qhov pib ceev txo mus rau 690-700 m / s, tab sis vim yog kev txuag hluav taws xob zoo dua, qhov tua ntau ntawm cov mos txwv no ntau dua li ntawm 470.9 kg projectiles los ntawm 3%.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xav tau tshaj plaws "nyiaj tau tshaj" ntawm qhov hnyav nce yog qhov nkag mus rau hauv cov cuab yeej siab heev. Yog tias 470, 9 kg, raws li kev suav Suav (tom ntej no, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm SIT Titushkin thiab LI mm cov cuab yeej ua rog phaj.

Hmoov tsis zoo, lub "super -hnyav" projectile yeej tsis tau saws: muaj teeb meem nrog qhov raug ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, ntxiv rau, cov mos txwv tau dhau mus ntev dhau, thiab cov kws tsim qauv tsis ua kom ntseeg tau nws lub zog ntev - nws feem ntau tawg thaum kov yeej armor thaiv. Ib qho ntxiv, kev pub mis thiab thauj khoom ntawm Sevastopol-chav sib ntaus sib tua tsis tau tsim los ua haujlwm nrog cov mos txwv loj.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm txhua qhov no, ua haujlwm ntawm "super-hnyav" projectile tau txiav tawm, uas yog kev tu siab. Qhov txaus siab, cov neeg Asmeskas, tau rov qab mus rau 305-mm caliber ntawm "cruisers loj" ntawm "Alaska" hom, siv cov mos txwv zoo li lub ntsiab. Lawv cov phom tua phom 516, 5 kg zoo li lub hauv paus pib ntawm 762 m / s, uas yog nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis lub hom phiaj ntawm 45 degrees. tau muab ntau qhov tua hluav taws ntawm 193 cov xov hlau thiab ntsaws 323 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 kab.

Duab
Duab

Thiab, thaum kawg, qhov kev taw qhia thib peb ntawm kev txhim kho cov mos txwv rau hauv tsev 305-mm / 52 rab phom yog kev tsim cov "foob pob ntev-ntau qhov projectile mod. 1928 "ib. Cov mos txwv no muaj qhov hnyav ntawm tsuas yog 314 kg, tab sis vim qhov no, nws pib nrawm mus txog 920 lossis 950 m / s (hmoov tsis zoo, qee qhov SITTushushkin thiab LI qhov tseem ceeb). Qhov nce ntawm kev tua hluav taws tau dhau los ua qhov sib txawv - yog tias kev txhim kho pej thuam niaj hnub ntawm Paris Hauv Paus tau tuaj yeem xa 470.9 kg projectiles mus rau hauv davhlau ntawm qhov deb ntawm 161 cables, tom qab ntawd hnyav 314 -kg - los ntawm 241 cables, uas yog, qhov tseeb, ib thiab ib nrab lub sij hawm deb dua. Zoo, thaum tua nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm 25 degrees, uas tseem yog qhov txwv rau kev sib ntaus sib tua Marat thiab Lub Kaum Hli Kev Tawm Tsam, qhov kev sib tua tau nce los ntawm 132 txog 186 kab.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hnyav ntawm cov foob pob tshiab yuav luag tsis qis dua li ib txwm, 470, 9 kg cov mos txwv hnyav, thiab muaj li 55, 2 kg piv rau 58, 8 kg. Tsuas yog qhov ntsuas los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov mos txwv tsis zoo rau cov mos txwv ib txwm yog kev tawg, uas loj heev rau 314 kg ntawm cov foob pob. Tab sis qhov tsis zoo no tsis suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias cov foob pob no tau npaj rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. “High-explosive long-range shells mod. 1928g. tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1939, yog li dhau los ua qhov projectile ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm no tau tsim hauv kev ua tsov rog ua ntej USSR.

Nov yog qhov uas tus sau ua tiav cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov phom loj loj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua niaj hnub no Marat, Kev Tawm Tsam Lub Kaum Hli thiab Paris Kev Sib Tham thiab txav mus rau qhov tiv thaiv kuv lub peev xwm.

Pom zoo: