75 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 24, 1944, Korsun-Shevchenko ua haujlwm ntawm Red Army tau pib. Cov tub rog Soviet nyob ib puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem pawg Korsun-Shevchenko ntawm Wehrmacht.
Hnub ua ntej
Hnub ntawm kev ua tiav zoo ntawm kev ua tub rog German yog yav dhau los. Xyoo 1943, kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau tshwm sim thaum Great Patriotic War - Stalingrad thiab Kursk Bulge. Thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav thiab ntshav, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau cuam tshuam txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab mus tawm tsam. Cov tub rog Soviet thawb cov yeeb ncuab rov qab, rov qab tau lawv thaj av.
Xyoo 1944 phiaj xwm tsis tau zoo rau Peb Reich. Cov tub rog German-kev coj noj coj ua raug yuam kom tso tseg txoj kev tawm tsam. Thiab qhov no yog kev vau tag nrho cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm ntawm Berlin. Lawv tau pib ua raws blitzkrieg - kev ua tsov rog xob laim, tom qab ntawd muaj kev tsim kho, kev sim ua kom muaj kev pib ua. Tam sim no cov tub rog German tsis muaj lub hom phiaj ua tsov rog. Lub teb chaws Yelemees tsis tau npaj ntev, kev ua tsov rog trench, kev ua tsov rog ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Tab sis tam sim no Hitlerite lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm tsis muaj kev xaiv tab sis rub tawm kev ua tsov rog txhawm rau ncua nws txoj kev tawg thiab cia siab rau qee qhov kev hloov pauv tub rog-nom tswv loj nyob hauv lub yeej ntawm cov neeg sib tw. Tshwj xeeb, muaj kev cia siab tias USSR yuav sib cav nrog nws cov peev txheej peev txheej - Great Britain thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas, thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no tuaj yeem tuaj yeem pom zoo nrog Anglo -Saxons thiab muaj sia nyob, khaws tsawg kawg ib feem ntawm kev kov yeej hauv Europe.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Wehrmacht yuav tsum tshem tawm cov tub rog Lavxias thiab tuav txoj haujlwm nyob rau sab hnub tuaj kom deb li deb tau los ntawm cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm German Lub Tebchaws. Ntawm Lavxias pem hauv ntej, Cov neeg German tau tsim kev tiv thaiv sib sib zog nqus, uas twb muaj nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab nruab nrab cov phiaj xwm qhia. Tab sis nyob rau sab qab teb cov lus qhia lawv tseem tsis tau muaj peev xwm los tsim nws, thiab cov kab tiv thaiv yav dhau los poob. Yog li, Red Army thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1943 tau tsoo hla Sab Hnub Poob ntawm Dnieper thiab tso Kiev rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 6. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau sab qab teb tis ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, kev sib ntaus hauv xov tooj tau txuas ntxiv mus.
Tsov rog tseem nyob hauv viav vias. Qhov Peb Reich tseem muaj qhov pov tseg muaj peev xwm ua tub rog-muaj peev xwm, muaj zog thiab txhais tau tias yuav tsum ua tsov rog ntxiv. Qhov "tsaus ntuj Teutonic ntse" txuas ntxiv tsim riam phom thiab khoom siv tshiab. Kev ua tub rog kev lag luam ntawm Reich, txhawb nqa los ntawm kev ua phem thiab lub peev xwm ntawm cov tebchaws nyob thiab koom nrog hauv Tebchaws Europe, txuas ntxiv muab Wehrmacht nrog txhua yam nws xav tau. Xyoo 1944, kev tsim tub rog txuas ntxiv mus, thiab tsuas yog lub Yim Hli pib nws poob qis (feem ntau yog vim tsis muaj peev txheej). Tag nrho kev sib sau ntawm tib neeg cov peev txheej tau ua tiav. Siv tag nrho lub zog kawg thiab cov peev txheej los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Hitlerite cov neeg tseem ceeb tau sim ncua kev swb, kom tau sijhawm mus txog qhov kawg.
Lub zog muaj zog ntawm Wehrmacht hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo 1943 tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Txawm li cas los xij, German thawj coj tau sim nrog tag nrho nws lub peev xwm los rov ua kom muaj zog sib ntaus ntawm cov tub rog. Thaum pib xyoo 1944, Wehrmacht suav nrog 317 kev sib cais, 8 pawg tub rog: 63% ntawm cov tub rog no tau nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Lavxias (198 pawg thiab 6 pawg tub rog, tseem muaj 3 lub dav hlau ya). Tsis tas li, Nazis muaj 38 kev sib cais thiab 18 pawg tub rog ntawm cov tub rog sib koom ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Tag nrho ntawm 4, 9 lab tus tib neeg, ntau dua 54 txhiab rab phom thiab mortars, 5400 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom rau tus kheej, 3 txhiab lub dav hlau.
German tso tsheb hlau luam "Tsov". Lub Ib Hlis 1944
Yog li, cov tub rog ntawm USSR ntsib txoj haujlwm loj: nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm tus yeeb ncuab muaj zog, tshem tawm Nazis tag nrho los ntawm lawv thaj av, pib tso kev ywj pheej ntawm cov tebchaws nyob hauv Europe, yog li tsis txhob muab " kab mob dub thiab xim av "muaj txoj hauv kev zoo rov los. Yog li ntawd, Red Army tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam tshiab. Txawm hais tias yeej tau los txog, qhov hnyav ntawm kev sib ntaus yav tom ntej tau pom tseeb. Yog li, thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg-caij ntuj no ua haujlwm xyoo 1943, Wehrmacht tau ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau rau cov tub rog Soviet hauv tebchaws Ukraine, thiab hauv Belarus txwv tsis pub lawv txav mus los. Cov neeg German tau tuav lub zog ruaj khov hauv Baltic States, sawv ze Leningrad.
Kev ua tsov rog kev lag luam ntawm Soviet Union ua tiav qhov kev ua tiav tshiab, nce kev tsim riam phom thiab khoom siv. Cov tub rog tau txais cov tsheb loj IS (Joseph Stalin), cov cuab yeej siv nruab nrab niaj hnub no T-34 thiab nrog rab phom 85 mm, rab phom loj rau tus kheej ISU-152, ISU-122 thiab Su-100. Cov phom loj tau txais 160-mm mortars, dav hlau-cov neeg tua rog Yak-3, La-7, Il-10 nres dav hlau. Kev teeb tsa cov tub rog tau zoo dua qub. Cov tub rog sib koom ua ke pib muaj, raws li txoj cai, 3 phom loj (8-9 phom sib faib). Hauv Cov Tub Rog Cua, cov tub rog sib xyaw ua ke tau hloov pauv mus ua homogeneous - cov dav hlau, foob pob thiab foob pob. Lub zog muaj zog ntawm cov tub rog txuas ntxiv mus sai sai: cov tub rog tiv thaiv thiab cov tub rog siv tshuab tau tsim los. Thaum pib xyoo 1944, pab tub rog Panzer thib rau tau tsim. Kev npaj cov tub rog tsis siv neeg, tiv thaiv lub tank thiab riam phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, thiab lwm yam, tau nce ntxiv.
Thaum pib ntawm 1944 phiaj xwm, Soviet pab tub rog suav nrog 6, 1 lab tus tib neeg, kwv yees li 89 txhiab rab phom thiab phom, ntau dua 2, 1 txhiab lub foob pob ua ntxaij foob pob ua ntxaij, kwv yees li 4, 9 txhiab lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom rau tus kheej, 8500 lub dav hlau. Hauv ntej, muaj 461 kev sib cais (tsis suav nrog rab phom loj), 80 pawg tub rog sib cais, 32 thaj chaw muaj zog, thiab 23 lub tank thiab cov neeg kho tshuab.
Cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm ntawm Soviet cov lus txib siab yog kom swb Wehrmacht nrog cov kev tawm tsam muaj zog ua tiav: nyob rau sab qaum teb cov phiaj xwm kev qhia - Pab Pawg Sab Qaum Teb, nyob rau yav qab teb - Pawg Tub Rog Sab Qab Teb thiab A. Hauv qhov kev taw qhia hauv nruab nrab, nws tau pib npaj los tuav cov yeeb ncuab nrog kev tawm tsam txhawm rau txhawm rau pab txhawb kev tawm tsam sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb. Ntawd yog, thaum xub thawj lawv tau npaj los rhuav tshem cov phiaj xwm sib koom ua ke ntawm Wehrmacht hauv cheeb tsam Leningrad, hauv Txoj Cai-Bank Ukraine thiab Crimea. Qhov no tau tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau lub caij ntuj sov -caij nplooj zeeg tawm tsam kev tawm tsam hauv nruab nrab txoj haujlwm ntawm hauv ntej - hauv Belarus, txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv xeev Baltic thiab kev kov yeej hauv Balkans.
Yog li, kev tawm tsam tsis tau xa mus ib txhij raws tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm sab xub ntiag, tab sis ua ntu zus, hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsom mus rau pab pawg muaj zog poob siab ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, uas muaj kev txiav txim siab zoo tshaj ntawm cov rog thiab txhais tau tias dhau ntawm Wehrmacht, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov phom loj, kev ya dav hlau thiab cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Soviet poob siab "kulaks" tau xav kom rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv nyob rau lub sijhawm luv, tsim qhov khoob loj hauv cov lus qhia uas tau xaiv thiab tsim kom lawv ua tiav. Txhawm rau faib cov peev txheej ntawm Wehrmacht, kev ua haujlwm tau hloov pauv nyob rau lub sijhawm thiab tau ua tiav hauv thaj chaw tseem ceeb nyob deb ntawm ib leeg. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tau npaj rau sab qab teb nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua tiav kev ywj pheej ntawm Ukraine thiab Crimea. Thawj zaug hauv lub sijhawm yog kev ua haujlwm nyob rau sab qaum teb - Leningrad, 2nd Baltic thiab Volkhov. Peb cov tub rog yuav tsum thaum kawg tshem qhov thaiv ntawm Leningrad thiab mus txog ciam teb ntawm Soviet Baltic koom pheej koom nrog cov yeeb ncuab.
Cov haujlwm no tau poob qis hauv keeb kwm raws li lub npe "Ten Stalinist Strikes" thiab coj mus rau kev ua tiav kev tshem tawm ntawm Soviet thaj chaw los ntawm kev txeeb chaw thiab hloov pauv kev ua phem ntawm Red Army sab nraum USSR.
Liberation ntawm Txoj Cai-Bank Ukraine
Thaum lub caij ntuj no phiaj xwm xyoo 1944, kev ua haujlwm loj ntawm Soviet pab tub rog tau xa mus rau sab qab teb (qhov no yog lub tshuab thib ob, thawj zaug - Leningrad). Qhov no tsis tau tso cai rau German hais kom hloov cov tub rog los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb. Thaum pib xyoo 1944, nyob rau sab qab teb tis ntawm lawv pem hauv ntej, cov neeg German muaj ib ntawm lawv cov phiaj xwm loj tshaj plaws. Cov lus hais hauv German ntseeg tias cov neeg Lavxias yuav txuas ntxiv rau xyoo 1943 kev tawm tsam sab qab teb. Ntawm Hitler cov lus qhia lim hiam, lawv yuav tsum khaws Txoj Cai-Bank Ukraine (khoom noj khoom haus), Nikopol (manganese), Krivoy Rog phiab (hlau hlau) thiab Crimea, uas npog sab qab teb ntawm tag nrho German pem hauv ntej, txhua tus nqi.
Ntawm Txoj Cai-Bank Ukraine, muaj ob pab tub rog German-"Sab Qab Teb" thiab "A", uas suav nrog 1.7 lab tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, kwv yees li 17 txhiab rab phom thiab phom, 2, 2 txhiab lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua tus kheej, txog 1500 dav hlau. Los ntawm peb ib sab, Cov Neeg German tau tawm tsam los ntawm 1st, 2nd, 3rd thiab 4th Ukrainian fronts: 2,3 lab tus tib neeg, kwv yees li 29 txhiab rab phom thiab phom, ntau dua 2 txhiab lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom rau tus kheej, ntau dua 2, 3 txhiab tus sib ntaus dav hlau.
Thawj qhov haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm Dnieper-Carpathian tau pib rov qab rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 24, 1943. Hnub no, cov tub rog ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej cov lus txib ntawm NF Vatutin tau pib ua phem rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm Vinnitsa. Thawj hnub ntawm Zhitomir-Berdichev kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav zoo, cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv tau tawg mus txog 300 km dav thiab 100 km tob, thiab cov tub rog Soviet tau nce mus rau sab hnub poob, sab qab teb-sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb. Cov neeg German raug kev txom nyem hnyav thiab thim rov qab. Tab sis tsis ntev lawv tau los txog ntawm lawv qhov kev nkag siab thiab tawm tsam tawv ncauj. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau tawm tsam sab nrauv ntawm Zhitomir, Berdichev thiab Belaya Tserkov. Thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam, peb cov tub rog tau tawm tsam cov tub rog German ntawm thaj tsam 4 thiab cov tub rog thib 1, tso tawm Radomyshl (Kaum Ob Hlis 27), Novograd-Volynsky (Lub Ib Hlis 3, 1944), Zhitomir (Kaum Ob Hlis 31, 1943), Berdichev (5 Lub Ib Hlis) thiab White Church. Cov tub rog Soviet tau mus txog Vinnitsa, Zhmerinka, Uman thiab Zhashkov.
German nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam Pz.kpfw. IV Aw. G lig series, tso tseg hauv thaj tsam Zhitomir. Hlis ntuj nqeg 1943
Tank T-34 ntawm 44th Guards Tank Brigade nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ze ze Berdichev. 1944g wb.
Soviet infantrymen ntawm txoj kev Berdichev. Lub Ib Hlis 1944
Tus thawj coj ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb, Field Marshal Manstein, yuav tsum tau xa 10 tus tub rog thiab 6 lub tsheb sib faib mus rau Vatutin qhov chaw ua phem. Tau tsim cov pab pawg poob siab hauv cheeb tsam Vinnitsa thiab Uman, Nazis thaum Lub Ib Hlis 10-11, 1944, ua rau ob qho kev tawm tsam muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm nres thiab nias tawm cov tub rog Soviet. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, los ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 14, 1944, Red Army tau nce mus txog 200 km thiab ntes Korsun-Shevchenko pab pawg ntawm Wehrmacht los ntawm sab qaum teb hnub poob. Cov tub rog Soviet tau tso tawm yuav luag tag nrho thaj av Kiev thiab Zhytomyr, thiab ib nrab - thaj av Vinnytsia.
Muab qhov ua tiav thiab nrawm nrawm ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Soviet tau hloov pauv txoj haujlwm ntawm 2nd thiab 3rd Ukrainian Fronts. Yav dhau los, lawv yuav tsum swb tus yeeb ncuab Kryvyi Rih pawg. Tam sim no 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej, raws li cov lus txib ntawm ISKonev, yog, thaum tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv ntawm nws sab flank, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 5, 1944, xa lub tshuab tseem ceeb hauv Kirovograd cov lus qhia - swb Kirovograd pawg Wehrmacht, tso tawm. Kirovograd, npog nws los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb. Yav tom ntej, nyob thaj tsam ntawm Novo-Ukrainka, Pomoshnaya thiab ua ntej ntawm Pervomaisk txhawm rau kom mus txog Yav Qab Teb Kab Kab.
Konev cov tub rog tau pib tawm tsam thaum Lub Ib Hlis 5, 1944. Thaum thawj hnub ntawm kev tawm tsam, cov tub rog Soviet tau tawg ib nrab los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab kev tawm tsam thiab nce mus rau qhov tob ntawm 4 txog 24 km. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 6, Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Zaum 5 thiab 7 ntawm Zhadov thiab Shumilov, ua rau cov neeg tawv ncauj tawv tawv tsis kam ua haujlwm ntawm Nazis, tsim kom muaj kev cuam tshuam txog 70 km hauv qhov dav thiab mus txog 30 km hauv qhov tob. Kev tsim ntawm Rotmistrov's 5th Guards Tank Army tam sim ntawd kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab thib ob tiv thaiv kab thiab nkag mus rau thaj tsam Kirovograd. Tom qab kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj, tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 8, Soviet pab tub rog tau dim Kirovograd. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem nyob ib puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem cov pab pawg German hauv Korsun-Shevchenko qhov tseem ceeb vim qhov kev lag luam ntawm kev sib faib phom ntev. Tom qab ntawd, cov tub rog Soviet, ntsib nrog cov neeg German tsis kam zuj zus, tseem tab tom tawm tsam kom txog thaum Lub Ib Hlis 16.
Yog li, thaum lub sijhawm Kirovograd kev ua haujlwm, Soviet pab tub rog yeej tus tub rog German thib 8. Kirovograd, qhov chaw sib txuas lus tseem ceeb, tau raug tso dim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj cai (sab qab teb) ntawm cov pab pawg German hauv thaj tsam Korsun-Shevchenkovsky tau raug kev hem thawj los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Cov lus txib German, tseem cia siab tias yuav rov qab Kiev, tsis tau thim qhov pawg neeg coob no thiab ua ke rau pem hauv ntej.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 12, 1944, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Soviet tau xa cov lus qhia tshiab thiab xav tau yav tom ntej kom nyob ib puag ncig thiab tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab pawg hauv Korsun-Shevchenko qhov tseem ceeb, kom kaw sab laug sab laug ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej thiab sab xis ntawm 2 Ukrainian pem hauv ntej. Qhov kev hais kom ua ntawm Soviet lub ntsej muag, los ntawm kev sib sau lawv lub zog, tsim cov pab pawg poob siab, uas tau tawm tsam ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub qab nthab. Txog kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ua kom zoo dua li cov neeg German tau tsim - hauv kev ua haujlwm los ntawm 1, 7 zaug, hauv rab phom loj - los ntawm 2, 4 zaug, hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov phom loj rau tus kheej - los ntawm 2, 6 zaug. Los ntawm huab cua, Soviet pab tub rog tau txhawb nqa los ntawm pab tub rog thib ob thiab thib 5.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 14-15, 1944, cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Front tau hla mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam thiab ua tiav qee qhov ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, Cov Neeg German tau teeb tsa kev tawm tsam muaj zog thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 16, Lub Hauv Paus Tsev Kawm Ntawv tau taw qhia rau Konev tias cov tub rog tsis tau teeb tsa zoo. Yog li ntawd, pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm Korsun-Shevchenko tau ncua mus txog Lub Ib Hlis 24.
Soviet infantry hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv ib lub zos ze Korsun-Shevchenkovsky
Lub tank German Pz. Kpfw V "Panther", tawm los ntawm rab phom uas siv tus kheej SU-85 raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Lieutenant Kravtsev. UA, 1944. Qhov chaw yees duab:
