Thaum Lub Yim Hli 18, 1919, Lub Pem Hauv Ntej Liab tau tawg nyob hauv Novorossiya, ib feem ntawm 12th pab tub rog Soviet hauv cheeb tsam no tau nyob ib puag ncig. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 23-24, Denikin cov tub rog tau coj Odessa, thaum Lub Yim Hli 31 - Kiev. Hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, qhov kev sib tw yooj yim ntawm Denikinites hauv Novorossiya thiab Me Russia tau cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem sab hauv ntawm Bolsheviks hauv Ukrainian SSR thiab ua kom lwm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Soviet Russia.
Denikin yeej hauv Novorossiya thiab Me Russia
Kev tawm tsam ntawm Pab Pawg Ua Haujlwm Pab Dawb hauv Kursk cov lus qhia los ntawm sab hnub tuaj txav ntawm Denikin cov pab pawg poob siab hauv Little Russia thiab Novorossiya. Thaum 1st Army Corps ntawm General Kutepov tau tawm tsam ntawm txoj hauv kev mus rau Kursk thaj chaw muaj zog, thib peb cais pawg ntawm General Schilling tau tawm ntawm Crimea thiab thaum ntxov Lub Yim Hli 1919, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm Lub Nkoj Dub Hiav Txwv Dub, ntes Kherson thiab Nikolaev. Tom qab ntawd pawg thib 3 tau tsom mus rau Odessa.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 18, Pem Hauv Ntej Liab tau tawg hauv Novorossiya. Cov tub rog ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab 12, nyob rau ntawm Kiev-Odessa-Kherson, tau hloov mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Odessa tau tiv thaiv los ntawm 47 kev faib, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau qis heev, txij li nws tau pib tsim nyob hauv nroog tsuas yog thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1919 los ntawm kev sib sau cov neeg nyob hauv nroog uas tsis muaj lub siab sib ntaus. Feem ntau, Reds muaj 8-10 txhiab tus neeg rau kev tiv thaiv lub nroog, tab sis lawv feem ntau tsis muaj kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev tawm tsam. Thiab cov lus txib liab thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa kev tawm tsam muaj zog. Panic pib hauv Odessa. Muaj lus xaiv txog qhov tsaws loj loj dawb thiab cov yeeb ncuab ya. Ib qho ntxiv, lub nroog tau nyob rau qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai vim muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Yim Hli 23, pab tub rog dawb nyob rau hauv kev hais kom ua Tus Thawj Coj Qib 1st Osteletsky, ua ke nrog pab pawg pab pawg ntawm pab tub rog Askiv, tau tshwm sim sai sai ntawm Sukhoi Liman thiab tsaws cov tub rog raws li cov lus txib ntawm Colonel Tugan-Mirza-Baranovsky (Kev Sib Koom Dragoon) Cov tub rog - ntau dua 900 tus neeg tua rog).
Cov lus txib liab tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, yog li cov tub rog dawb tau tsaws ruaj khov. Kev txav mus rau hauv nroog kuj tau tshwm sim nrog me lossis tsis muaj kev tawm tsam. Cov roj teeb thiab cov subunits ntawm txoj kev tau swb thiab hla mus rau sab ntawm cov neeg dawb. Cov neeg caij nkoj Lavxias "Cahul" ("General Kornilov") thiab Askiv "Karradok" ua raws ntug dej hiav txwv ua ke nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev tsaws thiab qhib hluav taws ntawm lub xwmfab ntawm qhov kev thov tsaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov thawj coj hauv av 'cov koom haum tau pib hauv Odessa. Thaum pib ntawm kev tawm tsam, lub tsev ntawm Odessa Cheka, lub hauv paus ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam tub rog tau raug ntes, thiab ntau tus thawj coj liab tau raug ntes. Tsis muaj kev tawm tsam tshwj xeeb nyob qhov twg.
Txog thaum tav su, tau kawm txog tus yeeb ncuab tsaws, txhua tus thawj coj liab liab tau khiav tawm ntawm lub nroog - cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog, tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Odessa koog tsev kawm ntawv tub rog Boris Kraevsky, tus thawj coj ntawm Odessa lub xeev pawg thawj coj ntawm Communist tog ntawm Ukraine Yan Gamarnik thiab tus thawj coj ntawm pawg 45th Iona Yakir. Tsuas yog Ivan Klimenko, tus thawj coj ntawm Odessa Provincial Executive Committee ntawm Council of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies, tseem nyob hauv nroog. Qhov no coj mus rau qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab kev khiav tawm. Kev sim los ntawm ib tus neeg chav liab los teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv tau raug tua los ntawm hluav taws nkoj. Cov tub rog Red Army tau sib sau ua ke ntawm pawg 47th tsuas yog khiav mus rau lawv lub tsev thaum xub thawj ntawm kev siv phom loj. Kev sim khiav tawm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, qhov chaw loj ntawm Reds tau sib sau ua ke, tau thwarted los ntawm hluav taws nkoj.
Yog li, qhov me me tsaws me me, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov tub rog rab phom loj thiab tawm tsam Odessa cov tub ceev xwm cov koom haum, tau ntes lub nroog loj thaum hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Yim Hli 23, 1919. Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Yim Hli 24, tag nrho ntawm Odessa tau nyob hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm White Guard. Denikinites ntes cov khoom plig nplua nuj. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 25, Cov Tub Rog Liab, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau tiv thaiv, tau sim rov qab los hauv nroog. Txawm li cas los xij, cov phom loj ntawm tub rog tau ua haujlwm zoo dua - nws cov tsheb ciav hlau tiv thaiv tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm nws cov hluav taws, thiab txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau raug puas tsuaj. Thaum kawg Reds rov qab mus rau sab qaum teb. Thaum poob Odessa, Reds raug yuam kom tawm tag nrho sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Me Russia. Cov pab pawg sab qab teb ntawm pab tub rog 12 nyob rau hauv kev hais kom ua ntawm Yakir (45th thiab 58th kev faib phom, Kotovsky cov tub rog caij nees) tau nyob ib puag ncig, thiab tau pib khiav tawm ntawm Petliura nraub qaum mus rau Zhitomir koom nrog lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm pab tub rog 12. Ib feem ntawm Pab Pawg Yav Qab Teb tau tawm tsam ntau dua 400 km, nyob hauv Zhitomir thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 19 thiab koom nrog cov tub rog tseem ceeb. Thaum Lub Cuaj Hli-Kaum Hli 1919, Pawg Tub Rog 12 tau tuav txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv ntawm ob lub txhab nyiaj ntawm Dnieper sab qaum teb ntawm Kiev.
General Yuzefovich pab pawg (2nd Army thiab 5th Cavalry Corps) tau nce qib hauv Kiev. Qhov kev tawm tsam no txuas ntxiv thaum Lub Yim Hli, thaum Red Southern Front tau pib tawm tsam thiab tsim kev hem thawj hauv Kharkov cov lus qhia. 5th Cavalry Corps ntes Konotop thiab Bakhmut, txiav kev sib txuas lus ncaj qha ntawm Kiev thiab Moscow. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog thib 2, txav mus rau ob lub txhab nyiaj ntawm Dniep er thiab hla ntu ntu ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab 14th, mus rau Kiev thiab Belaya Tserkov. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 17 (30), General Bredov cov tub rog hla Dnieper thiab nkag mus rau Kiev yuav luag ib txhij nrog Petliurists uas tau nce qib los ntawm sab qab teb. Txawm tias muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm pab tub rog tau npaj tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ob peb qhov kev ua phem thiab tua, Bredov muab Petliurites 24 teev kom khiav tawm hauv nroog. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 31, 1919, Kiev tseem nyob hauv txhais tes ntawm Cov Tiv Thaiv Dawb.
Tom qab ntawd, pab tub rog dawb ntawm cheeb tsam Kiev thiab Novorossia, txav los ntawm sab qaum teb, sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb, maj mam nyob hauv thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm Dnieper thiab Hiav Txwv Dub. Cov seem ntawm pab pawg sab xis ntawm pawg tub rog 14th Soviet tau thim dhau Dnieper.
Ntawm qhov laj thawj rau kev yeej yooj yim ntawm Denikin cov tub rog hauv Me Russia
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ntau txoj hauv kev yooj yim yeej ntawm Denikin cov neeg hauv Novorossiya thiab Me Russia tau cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem sab hauv ntawm Bolsheviks hauv Ukrainian SSR thiab kev ua kom lwm tus yeeb ncuab ntawm Soviet Russia. Yog li, hauv Ukraine-Me Russia, ua ke nrog kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm Cov Neeg Dawb thiab Reds, muaj nws tus kheej cov neeg pluag thiab kev tawm tsam kev ua tsov rog, kev ua phem txhaum cai.
Txoj cai ntawm "kev sib ntaus sib tua ua rog" nyob rau hauv Ukrainian SSR tau muab tso rau ntawm cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm thiab qhov tsis sib xws, thiab ua rau muaj qhov tshiab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Reds muaj txoj haujlwm muaj zog tsuas yog hauv cov nroog, hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov tub rog thiab nyob hauv txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau uas cov tub rog tau pauv mus. Tom qab ntawd muaj lub zog ntawm tsoomfwv hauv ib cheeb tsam thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv tus kheej, lossis tus thawj tswj hwm thiab cov neeg nplua nuj, lossis thaj tsam ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab kev kub ntxhov. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev swb ntawm Red Army nyob rau pem hauv ntej nrog Cov Neeg Dawb, nthwv dej tshiab ntawm atamanism tau pib. Cov atamans tau nyob qis qis rau ntau txhiab tus neeg sib ntaus nrog cov phom loj, lawv cov tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov pa taws. Lawv tswj thaj chaw nyob deb nroog. Cov Tub Rog Liab, txuas nrog kev tawm tsam nrog Cov Neeg Dawb, tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv lub zog tseem ceeb los tua lawv. Ib qho ntxiv, raws li tau sau tseg ntau dua ib zaug ua ntej, cov chav liab tsim hauv Me Russia thiab Novorossia, feem ntau yog los ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab qub thiab cov koom nrog, tsis muaj peev xwm tawm tsam thiab qhuab qhia. Thaum xub thawj cov cim ntawm kev hem thawj tiag tiag, xws li Cov Tub Rog Liab cov txiv neej sai sai "pleev xim" raws li Petliurists, Cov Tiv Thaiv Dawb, "Zaub", thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev hem thawj ntawm Polish tau hnyav dua. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1919, General Haller cov tub rog, tsim hauv Fab Kis, tuaj txog hauv tebchaws Poland. Pilsudski tam sim ntawd tau ua raws txoj cai ntawm kev mob siab rau lub tebchaws. Tus ncej, ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze muaj hwj chim - Russia thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, pib tsim "Greater Poland los ntawm hiav txwv mus rau hiav txwv. Cov tub rog Polish ntes Poznan thiab Silesia. Thaum Lub Rau Hli, Cov Tub Rog tau nkag mus rau Grodno thiab Vilna, txawm tias muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm Lithuania, uas suav tias cov nroog no yog nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg lis haujlwm hauv tebchaws Lithuanian tsis muaj cov tub rog loj los tiv thaiv lawv cov lus foob, thaum cov tub rog tau ua. Cov tub rog Polish tau txav mus rau Me Russia, ntes Novograd-Volynsky. Ua kom zoo dua qhov tseeb tias cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Ukrainian Cov Neeg Sawv Cev tau mus rau kev pab Petliura thiab tawm tsam nrog Pab Tub Rog Liab, Kev sib cais ntawm Polish tau txeeb Galicia thiab ntes nws. Sab Hnub Poob Ukrainian Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ploj mus, nws thaj chaw tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Poland, Czechoslovakia thiab Romania. Tsoomfwv Petrunkevich tau khiav tawm. Cov tub rog Galician feem ntau tau txav mus rau thaj chaw ntawm Ukrainian Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Tebchaws (ib feem me me ntawm "Sich Riflemen" tau khiav mus rau Czechoslovakia).
Nov yog yuav ua li cas cov tub rog pib txheej txheem tsim Tebchaws Poland "los ntawm hiav txwv mus rau hiav txwv". Lawv cov kev xav tau loj tuaj raws li kev nthuav dav nthuav dav zuj zus. Tau nthuav lawv lub zog los ntawm kev them nqi ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Lithuania thiab Galician Russia, Cov Ncej tau tsiv mus rau Dawb Russia. Lub Yim Hli 8, 1919, Cov tub rog Polish ntes Minsk. Lawv qhov kev tawm tsam tseem tau ntes sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Me Russia - Sarny, Rovno, Novograd -Volynsky.
Lub caij no, pab tub rog UPR, suav nrog pab tub rog Galician (kwv yees li 35 txhiab tus tub rog tag nrho), tau pib ua phem rau Kiev thiab Odessa. Petliurites tau sim siv lub sijhawm zoo - kev ua phem ntawm Denikin cov tub rog nyob hauv Me Nyuam Russia thiab kev txav ntawm pab tub rog Polish mus rau sab hnub tuaj, uas ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Red Army nyob rau sab hnub poob. Petliura cov tub rog nyob hauv Zhmerinka, cuam tshuam txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau txuas ntawm Kiev thiab Odessa. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev puas tsuaj tshiab ntawm kev sib ntaus los ntawm pab tub rog Petliura tau tshwm sim. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Galician txoj kev xav "Sich Riflemen", uas tau ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev tawm tsam, sai sai dhau los ua neeg tawg rog nrog cov neeg tawm tsam cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg dag, uas sai sai "rov ua dua" dua. Txhawm rau tau txais qib, npe, khoom plig, riam phom, khoom siv thiab cov ntsiab lus khoom los ntawm Petliura. Cov kev tshem tawm no khaws lawv cov thawj coj thiab koom nrog pab pawg, tswj tsis tau zoo thiab ua tsis zoo rau kev npaj ua rog (tib qhov teeb meem dhau los yog ib qho laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev swb ntawm Red Army hauv Me Russia thiab Novorossia). Ntawm qhov one tes, qhov no coj mus rau kev poob qis hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Petliura cov tub rog. Ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau ntxiv, kev ua tub sab thiab cov neeg Yudais pogroms. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov tub sab, cov neeg tsim txom thiab marauders tsis tau ntsib nrog kev txhawb nqa loj los ntawm cov pejxeem, thiab tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam qhov kev xav ntawm White Guards.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 30, Petliurites, ua ke nrog Cov Dawb, nyob hauv Kiev. Tab sis hnub tom ntej lawv tau raug ntiab tawm ntawm qhov ntawd los ntawm Denikinites. Cov lus txib Dawb tsis kam tham nrog Petliura, thiab txog Lub Kaum Hli 1919, Petliura cov txiv neej tau swb lawm. Lub sijhawm no, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua ntawm UPR thiab ZUNR. Cov lus txib ntawm pab tub rog Galician tau tawm tsam kev ua phem nrog AFSR, txij li Entente sawv tom qab Denikin. Cov neeg Galician ntseeg tias lawv muaj ib tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb - Tus ncej. Yog li ntawd, kev coj ntawm ZUNR, coj los ntawm Petrushevich, thiab cov lus txib ntawm pab tub rog Galician tau tos-thiab-pom tus cwj pwm. Cov neeg Galician txawm tias raug liam ntawm kev tso Kiev rau cov neeg dawb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Galician tau thov Petliura kom pib sib tham nrog Denikin txog kev koom tes, vim tias ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam ntawm ob sab. Txawm li cas los xij, Petliura txuas ntxiv tso siab rau Galician pab tub rog, xav kom muaj kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Denikin cov tub rog. Ib qho ntxiv, Petliura tau xav kom koom tes nrog Poland tiv thaiv Soviet Russia, nws yog qhov tseeb tias ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntawm ZUNR.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Cov Neeg Galician tau pib sib tham nrog Cov Neeg Dawb. Cov lus txib ntawm pab tub rog Galician thaum pib lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1919 tau kos npe pom zoo nrog thawj coj ntawm AFSR. Sawv cev ntawm Galician Army, cov lus cog tseg tau kos npe los ntawm nws tus thawj coj, General Miron Tarnavsky, sawv cev ntawm Pab Tub Rog Dawb, los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog thib 4, Major Yakov Slashchev, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog ntawm cheeb tsam Novorossiysk., Lieutenant General Nikolai Shilling. Cov tub rog Galician nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub zog tau hla mus rau sab ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Russia. Nws tau raug coj mus rau tom qab ntawm Pab Pawg Ua Haujlwm Pab Dawb rau ntxiv thiab so.
Makhno kev ua
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ataman Nestor Makhno, uas rhuav tshem kev sib raug zoo nrog Reds thiab raug swb los ntawm Denikinites, rov qab los ntawm Txoj Cai Txhab Nyiaj Txiag ntawm Dniep er, thaum lub Yim Hli pom nws tus kheej nias tawm tsam Petliura pem hauv ntej. Raws li nws cov lus txib muaj kwv yees li 20 txhiab tus tub rog ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Ukraine (RPAU), thiab lub tsheb ciav hlau nqa hnab loj nrog raug mob. Makhno tsis xav tias muaj kev khuv leej me ntsis rau haiv neeg Ukrainian thiab Petliura. Tab sis qhov xwm txheej tsis muaj kev cia siab: ntawm ib sab, Makhnovists raug nias los ntawm Cov Neeg Dawb, ntawm lwm qhov, los ntawm Petliurists. Yog li ntawd, Makhno nkag mus rau hauv kev sib tham. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Makhnovists vam tias lawv yuav tuaj yeem tuav tswj thiab tshem tawm Petliura. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 20, 1919, kev sib koom ua tub rog tau xaus ntawm Makhnovists thiab Petliurists ntawm Zhmerynka chaw nres tsheb. Lub koomhaum tau hais tawm tsam Denikinites. Mob, raug mob thiab cov neeg tawg rog ntawm "pab tub rog" ntawm Makhno tau muab lub sijhawm los txais kev kho mob thiab nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm UPR. RPAU tau txais tus choj thiab lub hauv paus, khoom siv. Makhnovists tau tuav haujlwm ua ntej ntawm thaj tsam Uman.
Muaj tseeb, twb tau nyob rau lub Cuaj Hlis 26, Makhnovists tau pib tsoo rov qab mus rau thaj tsam Yekaterinoslav thiab thaum lub Kaum Hli Ntuj xyoo 1919 tau tsim kev hem thawj rau tom qab ntawm Denikin cov tub rog.
